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Home Textiles – A
Review

By: Shivendra Parmar and Tanveer Malik

Presented By: www.fibre2fashion.com
 Home Textiles – A Review
By: Shivendra Parmar and Tanveer Malik

Lecturers in the Department of Textile Technology

Shri Vaishnav Institute of Technology and Science
Baroli (Indore-Sanwer Road), Distt: Indore (M.P) Pin-453331
E-mail: shivendra_parmar@rediffmail.com, tmalik35@yahoo.com

INTRODUCTION

The urban life has become very congested and the only place of rest is home which is normally
indicated by the flats and hence importance of the interior of our homes increases –
geometrically.

"Interior Environment" can be defined as the total of interior spaces and their furnishings. More
important than the function or comfort of furnishings, or their maintenance is their effect on our
psyche: are we comfortable in a space, with a sense of well being? The real question is: are
these furnished spaces conducive to work and play?

As furniture will be mass-produced with a modular simplicity and conformity, it won’t be the prime
contributor in differentiating spaces. It will be the fabrics, all of them, the wall and floor coverings
as well as window and furniture fabrics.

Fabric controls mood, sets style, indicates taste; it is what is seen and is the most manoeuvrable
of props, the most easily changed, replaced, or added. Fabric affords sun and light control. It
protects interior colour from fading, and furnishings from deterioration through sunlight. Fabrics
can increase liveability or workability of a small space, reduce noise, and make music and even
speech richer and more resonant.

Most importantly, furnishings must make neutral, impersonal spaces particular and personal. The
fabrics being the prime contributors must provide the texture, colour, character and scale, and
anything that is missing in the architecture.

Fabric is the interior designer's pharmacy, rich with cures for every complaint. So what is the role
of the textile technologist in this? The answer is to provide the interior designers a sky in which
they can fly their imagination to the maximum. Give the consumer the choice to be the King by
providing the options that he rightly deserves; to live in harmony with his personal space
according to his psyche for not just living but living in tranquillity!!!!!

ROLE OF FABRICS IN INTERIOR FURNISHING

A fabric plays an important role for home textiles like:

• Fabric protects interior colour from fading and furnishing from deterioration from sunlight.
• It protects from sun glare and it lends protection from night blackness at evening and
from too early sun in the morning.
• Fabrics lends privacy to any degree that is needed
• It shields people from draughts or heat and reduces heat loss in winter.
• It can make summer room cooler and reduce an air conditioning load in the summer.
• Fabric increases liveability and work ability of a small place, reduce noise, make music
and even speech richer and more resonant of all acoustic materials, and sound
engineers find no material that is equal.

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PROPERTIES REQUIRED

Fabrics used for home textiles must have properties such as,

• Good light fastness.

• Good resistance to seam slippage.
• Good resistance to pilling.
• Good resistance to snagging
• Stain repellency.
• Good fastness to sponging.
• Flame retardency.
• Appearance retention.

DIFFERENT FIBERS USED FOR HOME TEXTILES

Apart from the natural fibers, which are being used very much in the home textiles like
cotton, silk, wool, linen, etc. and some more of the man made fibers are also being very much
used now a day, that includes polyester, rayon, nylon, polypropylene, Teflon, recron, acrylic, etc.
Recently some modern fibers are introduced in the market are being used for the home textiles
now a days such as.

Sendura :- Sendura is a polyester filament specialty yarn for drapery fabrics. Its striking
fabric surface and dull, silky luster is enhanced by the harmony of colours and attractive printed
designs, mostly in floral motifs. The handle of sendura fabric resembles that of washable silk and
the drape, depending on the fabric construction, is light to compact, but still supple-like heavy
high-grade silk.

Varie :- The Varie yarn family comes in counts of between 150 and 405 dtex. Heavier
types of drapery fabrics are made from Varie 405 dtex, while 240 dtex is used is used in lighter
drapery fabrics, including transparent styles, in weight classes around 110 g/m2.

Lintex :- The yarns of the Lintex family have a natural character with a pronounced linen
and a fine texture. Fabrics made of or with Lintex have a fine, rustic, somewhat straw-like texture
with a grainy and dry handle. Owing to its structure, Lintex is ideally suited to bringing vitality to
the background of printed drapery fabrics.

Crinkle :- A combination of texture and luster in curtain nets and drapery can be obtained
with Diolen crinkle, its special yarn structure creating a lively fabrics surface. Crinkle is still mainly
used for raschal curtain nets as patterning thread in fall-plate curtains. Against a dull, textured
background, the crinkles produce a finely dispersed, structuring luster.

AREAS OF APPICATION

Home textiles includes following applications such as.

• Textiles for seating.

• Window textiles.
• Bed textiles.
• Textiles for wall coverings.
• Bathroom textiles.
• Accessories.
• Table textiles.

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TEXTILE FOR SEATING

Upholstery fabrics for domestic applications there is a recognized

division of specification between fixed upholstery and loose covers.

FIXED UPHOLSTERY: - This term refer to any upholstery fabric that is

stapled, tacked, glued or other frame and covers a reliant or hard
substrate. Abrasion resistance is 25,000 rubs, acrylic fiber velvets are
used because of excellent brightness and appearance. An important
fashion trend in fixed domestic upholstery fabrics during period under
review has been that of heavily textured fabrics. Texture is usually
achieved by the use of fancy of boucle type, which is used as weft
across non-textured warp. Initially boucle is of rayon and nylon recently
pp is popular.

WINDOW TEXTILES

Sun filters - It is a woven voiles made up for polyester fiber

flax, it consists of curtains, nets and Plemet made up from
Rhone- Poulene fiber adv .Of material is that ease of washing,
simple system, absence of seams in the sidepieces.

The following types of sheers curtains become popular.

• Voiles.
• Woven nets - air textured continuous filament PET.
• Warp knitted nets
• Burn out and broches - It is developed with core spun
PET fibre cotton yarn.
• Raschel Nets.
• Monarch Safety net - made up from terylene yarns.

Semi sheers - Use of coarser yarn, often textures or fancy yarns, woven construction,
combination of leno and plain weave with weft wise or warp bands of solid areas or checked of
feet.

Reflective textiles - To reduce solar gain. Prevent sun glare, maintaining lower temperature in
summer and higher ones in winter e.g. versol with PET fiber fabric, with an aluminum film on
one side.

Curtain fabrics and drapes - This is probably of the wide area of fabric development in home
textiles. It includes

• Solid colour plain weave materials in cotton, flax, wool, silk, acrylic, viscose, PET, etc.
• Textured synthetics yarn.
• Jacquard and dobby weaves including damask style.
• Checks styles and bordered styles.
• Pile, woven and knitted fabrics.
• For flame retardant curtain use of modacrylic fiber, viscose, PVC fabric self-lining curtains
made from crushed acrylic foam coating.

Blinds - A type of window textiles which is opaque. There are two types of blinds

1. One which allows transmission of some light

2. Other is made usually cotton fabric known as black out material which gives 100%
opacity.

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Various styles available are

• Venetian
• Vertical
• Roller blind

A Roller blind made up from glass fiber fabric. Vertical blind act as a efficient light filter. The
factors, which are considered for blinds by British standards are,

• Colour fastness.
• Relaxed length.
• Finishing performance.
• Thermal resistance.
• Draping quality.
• Dimensional property.
• Flammability.

BED TEXTILES

Sheets and pillow cases - This is a major ‘soft goods’ category. Sheet print designs have seen
much variation, including small & large floral patterns coordinating themes connecting sheet,
pillow case, duvet cover, and curtains: bordered designs, patch work inspired points, strong
diagonals, geometrics, and candy stripes. A special design for children’s sheets has been one of
the modern easy care sheets e.g. ‘peanuts ’, Disney cartoon sets.

Comparative performance sheets with a whole number assessment ranging from five to one.

The bed sheets are given resist bacteria and fungus growth finishes involving the use of
an active baceteriostat and fungistatic agents.

Quilted textiles - PET fiber is mainly used, several alternative filling became available for this
product. Quilts and comforters have been traditionally most popular in USA. Where they
constitute an important sector of bed textiles.

Blankets - Talking about bed textiles, blankets are one of the important accessories used having
matching with bed sheets. Today’s blanket evolutions are:

• Solid colour, raised wool , acrylic fiber, and acrylic polyester fiber blends.
• Cotton terry blankets.
• Thermal blankets made from wool, acrylic, polyester and polyester acrylic blends.
• Point designs using large scale single motif with borders.
• Blankets are constructed by stitch bonding technique

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Bed Spreads - Today bedspread is one of the most important item of interior furnishings in both
and domestic and contract applications. It includes following styles.

• Plain styles including wool, cotton, acrylic, viscose and blends.

• Embroidered styles.
• Lace styles.
• Chadwick.
• Velour Printed and Jacquard.
• Chenille types.
• Terry wear types.
• Jacquard and Dobby wears.

Mattress covers - The traditional Jacquard patters with continuous filament viscose warp and
spun weft of viscose or cotton are used. One of the most significant developments was the
introduction of colorful, stylish and modern broad stripes.

TEXTILE FOR WALL COVERING

From practical as well as aesthetic point of view, wall fabrics are fast taking over from paints. Also
wall paper plays an important role. Wall fabrics are available in various convenient widths to be
used from room height to avoid seams. Jute was the original material choice for wall fabrics and
although its use has declined in favor of various other materials especially flax, which from
contact point of view is more stable. Non-woven warp systems in a great variety of fiber and
texture are also used. Full yarns system is becoming more popular. This fiber can be easily
removed for cleaning and replacement (Velcro type Band with self adhesive backing). It becomes
appreciated that wall fabric suspended system absorb sound, Absorption is the property of
absorbing sound waves with in a material, and this is the best achieved by materials those are
fibrous nature. Such as mineral and glass wools.

Tapestries - It involves formation of repp weave where warp is completely hidden by the weft,
which is firmly beaten by a Heavy comb. Cotton is used as a warp and worsted yarn is used as a
weft.

Method of dyeing - Hank dyeing

Dye used - metal complex dye

Mothproofed yarns are used.

WALL DECORATORS

A wall decoration throw or throw rug can give your

living area a great new look without any hassle.
The color combinations and the patterns used in
wall decoration throws almost fit any decoration,
any style. You can use wall decoration throws or
throw rugs to decorate your living room, your porch
or your entrance all very easy with our cheap
prices.

Wool, cotton, polyester and chenille are the primary material used to make our wall
decoration throws and throw rugs. The popularity of wool wall decoration throws is due to its
inherent qualities. There are certain breeds of sheep, like the merino, whose fleece is especially
sought-after for its special luster and length of fiber, commonly used in some of our wall
decoration throws.

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Wall Hangings – Embroidery - Embroidery is sometimes used to
mark the borders between the patterned areas of the ground clothe
and most varied types of stitches are used to obtain decorative effect
with the aid of the carded, dyed, non-spun woven fibers, the artist,
creates a tapestry or wall hanging by super imposing a web on a
backing material.

Wall Hanging – Hand tufted - It includes both Hand operated

tufting needle and mechanical tufting gun, In wall hanging it
involves several other interior textiles such as

• Wall Hangings – Batik

• Wall hanging – Woven and knotted

BATHROOM TEXTILES

Shower Curtains – shower curtains need to be water proof materials, plastic coated textiles
(woven and non woven fabrics) became firmly established in this area. At the cheaper and
plastics membranes have been used, but their propensity to splitting and tearing are the
disadvantages. Printed shower curtains were occasionally designed to co-ordinate with bathroom
vinyl wall coverings and occasionally with towel designs, as well as tufted bathroom textiles.

Terry Toweling - Terry fabrics became an important sector of household textiles. The terry towel
has become available in a wide variety of designs piece dyed fabrics, jacquard floral designs as
well as prints and is sculpted as well as velvet or ‘shorn’ versions.

TABLE TEXTILES

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Table Cloth -It is of several types-

• Colour woven printed types of linen cotton material

• Jacquard type which include damask
• Embroidered types
• Non-woven types, which include spun bonded Nylon and spun laced polyester fibre.

Table Mats - Colour woven printed and Jacquard types and embroidered styles.

CARPETS

India is one of those countries where people customarily sit on the floor. Carpets are an
economically important but miniscule part of the floor covering popularly used in India.

The Indian carpet weaver ties his knots with great dexterity, on upright wooden looms of
traditional design. Vertical looms are used in sizes varying from five to sixty feet, with three to five
weavers, working on each.

The fitness of a carpet is judged by the number of knots per unit

area in combination of the design, colors and quality of yarn. The
firmness, thickness and appearance of the back of the carpet, are
important considerations.

The carpets of mountain areas are made in pure wool and have
motifs of the dragon, snow lion, stylized chrysanthemum and
lotus.

Many varieties of fine prayer carpets are made in India. The

asana, a square of pile carpet, drugget or durries material, is in a
plain single color or austere design. It is traditionally used, while
performing rituals during worship

RUGS AND MATS

In India, the floor coverings have evolved with a great deal of

imagination and aesthetic sense Mats are also made of wheat or
rice straw, weeds and fine sliced bamboo. The mats have a fine
upper layer and a coarse bottom one, and are stitched at the
edges. Mats in India are even made of wheat or rice straw, weeds
and fine sliced bamboo. Skillfully stitched rugs serve as floor
coverings, wall decorations and mattresses. They are used as
horse and camel saddles and wall hangings besides traditional
floor coverings.

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TABLE RUNNERS

These are used in decorating the tables. These are normally run over the table to add to the look.
In India table covers are more predominant then table runners. Table covers are mostly used to
protect the furnisher from strain and for the attractive look of the dinning table.

Different types of finishes available in table runners are shown below.

SCALLOPED TABLECLOTH

Covering an occasional or side table can give it a new lease of life by changing its appearance
dramatically. A single cover can be made, but by adding a second layer in a contrasting fabric,
the shape of the table will be enhanced.

A second layer can also be added in the same fabric, but by adding fringing in a contrasting
colour the shape will be accentuated.

KITCHEN WEARS APRONS

Kitchen wear aprons are mostly flame retardants. These kitchen wear
aprons are used while cooking to protect from strain occurring in our
dress coat and from flame.

The kitchen wear aprons perfectly covers and protects the front back
and the sides of the body and ensures perfect safety.

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DEVELOPMENTS

DuPont Textiles and interiors (DTI) introduced a new Teflon fabric protector with dust mite control
for use in bedding and upholstery. With Ciba specialty chemicals DTI is elevated ease care
benefit of Teflon. With this new treatment, the stain repellency provides investor barriers, causing
liquids to bead up and rolls off the fabric while release technology prevents the fiber from holding
stains and soils so they can be easily washed off. This treatment has no impact on touch, handle
and breathablility. And more important it is eco-friendly.

FUTURE PROSPECTS

‘TEXTILE COS HAVE BIG PLANS TO DRESS UP INDIAN HOMES.’ This statement was in
Economic Times states that big companies are launching or have already started to make fabrics
to dress up Indian homes. Big players like Bombay Dyeing is forgotten and new players like
Welspun (Spaces); Creative garments with joint venture Portico New York, Yamini and
Grapewine have successfully launched fabrics for interior. Home textile in India has market worth
1,000 rupees. Organize players, constitute only 10% of domestic home textile market, as tough
competition from unorganized players.

CONCLUSION

Having seen extensively about the use of home textiles, and the glamour they add to our living
environment, the production of various patterns using different colors and creative ideas should
cause through in this field.

There is rapid improvement in the west, in the field of interior decoration and home
textiles. Thus, the innovative ideas and quality finishing would help us realize our dream, which is
the growth of home textiles. Apart from wide use of textiles for clothing, home textiles are rapidly
capturing the market. Indian home textiles find a rating amongst the top 5 in world according to a
study conducted by the US department of commerce.

The studied data reveals that Indian home textiles 2nd china in certain categories
which includes bags, table linens, napkins curtains & rank 3rd in products like cotton bed sheets,
quilts. India has also made an impact in the cotton sheets, and terry towels category. The day is
not far away when Indian home textiles will reach the zenith.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

First of all we would like to express profound gratitude to the management of the institute,
Administrative officer Shri. R.C.Parmar, Principal Dr.Ing.V.P.Singh, Advisor Prof. Dr.
H.V.S.Murthy and Head of the department Prof. Dr.Prabhakar Bhat for giving encouragement
and guidance to work on HOME TEXTILES – A Review

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REFRENCES

1. Justblinds.com
2. countrycurtains.com
3. www.indianhandicrafts.com
4. www.sears.com
5. www.belmonthomedecor.com
6. COLOURAGE (august 2005)
7. www.indian-textile.com
8. www.homecareindia.com

About the author:

Shivendra Parmar

I am Shivendra Parmar completed my M.Tech in Textile Technology at Textile

institute of technology and Science,Bhiwani CDLU University during 2002 .I did
my B.E in Textile Technology at Shri Vaishnav Institute of Technology and
Science, Indore and passed out in First Class during the year 2002.So far
published 4 articles in National and International Journals and presented one
paper in national conference. Currently working as lecturer & placement
coordinator in the department of Textile Technology, Shri Vaishnav Institute of
Technology and Science, Indore. Also contribute in TEXTILE ASSOCIATION OF INDIA,M.P
UNIT as a Jt. Secertary. EMAIL: shivendra_parmar@rediffmail.com

Tanveer Malik

I am Tanveer Malik completed my M.Tech in Textile Manufacturing at Veermata

Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI), Mumbai University during dec 2001 .I did my
B.E in Textile Technology at Shri Vaishnav Institute of Technology and Science,
Indore and passed out in First Class during the year 2000.So far published 3 articles
in National and International Journals. Currently working as lecturer in the
department of Textile Technology, Shri Vaishnav Institute of Technology and
Science, Indore. Email: tmalik35@yahoo.com

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 I am Tanveer Malik completed my M.Tech in Textile Manufacturing at Veermata Jijabai
Technological Institute (VJTI), Mumbai University during dec 2001 .I did my B.E in Textile
Technology at Shri Vaishnav Institute of Technology and Science, Indore and passed out in First
Class during the year 2000.So far published 3 articles in National and International Journals.
Currently working as lecturer in the department of Textile Technology, Shri Vaishnav Institute of
Technology and Science, Indore. Email: tmalik35@yahoo.com

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