Topic: Matrices

Question bank with solutions

One mark question ( V S A)
1. Define matrix

2. Define a diagonal matrix

3. Define scalar matrix

4. Define symmetric matrix

5. Define skew-symmetric matrix

2 5 19 −17
5
6.In a matrix [ 35 −2 12 ]
2
√3 1 −5 17
find 1) order of the matrix

2) Write the elements of 𝑎13 , 𝑎21 , 𝑎33 , 𝑎24 , 𝑎23

7. If a matrix 8 elements what is the possible order it can have ?

8. If a matrix 18 elements what is the possible order it can have?

9. construct 2 × 2 matrix [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] whose elements are given by

(𝑖+𝑗) 2
1) 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = (𝑖 + 𝑗) 2 2) 𝑎𝑖𝑗 =
2

10. construct the 2 × 3 matrix whose elements are given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = |𝑖 − 𝑗|

𝑖
11. Construct the 3× 2 matrix whose elements are given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 =
𝑗

4 3 𝑦 𝑧
12. Find x, y, z if [ ]= [ ]
𝑥 5 1 5
𝑥+𝑦 2 6 2
13. Find x, y, z if [ ]= [ ]
5+𝑧 𝑥𝑦 5 8
−1 2 3 −2
14. Find the matrix x such that 2A + B + X =0 where A = [ ] and B = [ ]
3 4 1 5
1 2 3 3 −1 3
15. If A = [ ] B= [ ] Find 2A – B
2 3 1 −1 0 2
 3 2 1 0
16. Find X if Y =[ ] and 2X+Y = [ ]
1 4 −3 2
7 0 3 0
17. Find X If X+Y = [ ] and X-Y = [ ]
2 5 0 3
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃 −cos 𝜃
18. Simplify cos 𝜃 [ ] + sin 𝜃 [ ]
−sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
1 3 𝑦 0 5 6
19. Find X If 2[ ]+[ ]=[ ]
0 𝑥 1 2 1 8
1 2
20. If A = [ ] Find A + 𝐴1
3 4
1 −2 3 0 2 5
21. A = [ ] and B = [ ] Find 3A + 2B
0 1 4 6 −3 1
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
22. if A = [ ] Verify A A1 = I
−cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
23. if B = [ ] verify B B1= I
−sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
0
24. If A = [1] B = [1 5 7] Find AB
2
1 −2 1 2 3
25. Compute 1) [ ][ ]
2 3 2 3 1
2 −3
3 −1 3
2) [ ] [1 0 ]
−1 0 2
3 1
2𝑥 + 𝑦 3𝑦 6 0
26. Find X and Y [ ] = [ ]
6 4 6 4
27. What is the number of possible square matrix order 3 with each entries 0 or 1
5−𝑥 2𝑦 − 8
28. Find X and Y if [ ] is a scalar matrix
0 3
4 𝑥+2
29. Find X [ ] is a symmetric matrix
2𝑥 − 3 𝑥 + 1
 II. Two mark and Three marks questions (SA)
1.Radha , fauzia, simran are the student of 12th class Radha has 15 note book and 6 pens ,
Fauzia has 10 books 2 pens and Simran has 13 books and 5 pens express this in to matrix
forms.
1
2. Construct 3× 2 matrix whose elements are given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = |𝑖 − 3𝑗|
2

𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 9
3. Find X,Y,Z from the equation [ 𝑥 + 𝑧 ] = [5]
𝑦+𝑧 7
𝑎−𝑏 2𝑎 + 𝑐 −1 5
4. Find a,b,c, d From the equation [ ]==[ ]
2𝑎 − 𝑏 3𝑐 + 𝑑 0 13
8 0 2 −2
5. If A = [4 −2] B = [ 4 2 ] Find X such that 2A + 3X = 5B
3 6 −5 1
𝑥 5 3 −4 7 6
6. Find X and Y 2[ ]+[ ]=[ ]
7 𝑦−3 1 2 15 14
2 −1 10
7. Find X and Y if x [ ] + 𝑦 [ ]= [ ]
3 1 5
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 6 4 𝑥+𝑦
8. Given 3 [ ]=[ ]+ [ ] Fine the values of X,Y,Z and W
𝑧 𝑤 −1 2𝑤 𝑧+𝑤 3
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦 sin 𝑦
9. If 𝐴𝑋 = [ ] and 𝐴𝑌 = [ ] Show that 𝐴𝑋 𝐴𝑌 = 𝐴𝑋+𝑌
−sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 −sin 𝑦 cos 𝑦
3 −2 1 0
10. If A = [ ] and I = [ ] Find K If A2 = KA – 2I
4 −2 0 1

11. If A = [3 √3 2] and B =[2 −1 2] verify (A + B )1 = A1 +B1

4 2 0 1 2 4
12. For any matrix A with real number entries , A+ A1 is symmetric matrix and A – A1
Skew-symmetric matrix
1 5
13. For any matrix A = [ ] verify that A+ A1 is symmetric matrix
6 7
1 5
14. For any matrix A = [ ] verify that A – A1 Skew-symmetric matrix
6 7
15. If A and B be the invertible matrices of same order then (AB)-1 = B-1A-1
1 2
16. By using elementary operation Find the inverse of the matrix [ ]
2 −1
 1 3
17. By using elementary operation Find the inverse of the matrix [ ]
2 7
1 −2
18. By using elementary operation Find the inverse of the matrix [ ]
2 1
10 −2
19. Find P-1 if it exists and P = [ ]
−5 1
3 1
20. If A = [ ] Show that A2 -5A +7I = 0
−1 2
2 3 1 5
21. If A = [ ] and B = [ ] Show that (AB)1 = B1A1
0 −4 2 0

III. Five mark questions ( LA)

1 1 −1 1 3
1 2 3 −4
1.If A = [2 0 3 ] B = [ 0 2] and C =[ ]
2 0 −2 1
3 −1 2 −1 4
Find A B , BC and show that (AB )C = A(BC)
0 6 7 0 1 1 2
2. If A = [−6 0 8] B = [1 0 2] C = [−2] calculate AC, BC and (A+B) C
7 −8 0 1 2 0 3
Deduce that (A+B) C = AC + BC
1 2 3
3. If A = [3 −2 1] Show that A3 – 23A - 40 I = 0
4 2 1
1 2 −3 3 −1 2 4 1 2
4. If A = [5 0 2 ] B = [4 2 5] and C = [0 3 2]
1 −1 1 2 0 3 1 −2 3
verify A+ (B-C) = (A+B ) –C
2 5 2 3
1 1
3 3 5 5
1 2 4 1 2 4
5. If A = 3 3 3
and B = 5 5 5
find 3A – 5B
7 2 7 6 2
[3 2 3] [5 5 5]

2 0 1
6. If A = [2 1 3] find A2 – 5 A + 6 I ?
1 −1 0
 1 0 2
7. If A = [0 2 1] prove that A3 – 6A2 + 7A + 2I = 0
2 0 3
2 −2 −4
8. Express the matrix B = [−1 3 4 ] Find the sum of symmetric and skew-
1 −2 −3
symmetric matrix
6 −2 2
9. Express the matrix B = [−2 3 −1] Find the sum of symmetric and skew-
2 −1 3
symmetric matrix
1 2 2 0 1 1
10. If A = [ ]B=[ ]C=[ ] calculate AB , BC, A(B+C)
2 1 1 3 2 3
Verify that AB + AC = A(B+C)
cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 0
11. If F(x) = [ sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 0] show that F(x) F(y) = F(x+y)
0 0 1
−2
12. If A =[ 4 ] and B = [1 3 −6] verify (AB)1 = B1A1
5
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝑛𝜃 sin 𝑛𝜃
13. If A = [ ] Prove that An = [ ]
−sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 −sin 𝑛𝜃 cos 𝑛𝜃

********
 Solutions
One mark questions (VSA)
1. The numbers arranged in rectangular array of rows and columns by the brockets is
called matrix
2. A square matrix is said to be diagonal matrix if all non diagonals elements are zeros
3. A diagonal matrix is said to be scalar marics if it’s diagonal elements are equal
4. If a square matrix A = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]𝑚×𝑚 is said to be symmetric if and only if A1 = A
5. If a square matrix A = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]𝑚×𝑚 is said to be skew-symmetric if and only if A1 = -A
5
6. 1) order of the matrix is 3 × 4 2) 19, -2, -5 , 12,
2
7. Possible orders are (1,8) (8,1) (2,4) (4,2) is 1X8 , 8X 1 , 2X 4 , 4X 2
8. Possible orders are (1,18) (18,1) (3,6) (6,3) (2,9) (9,2) is 1 X18 , 18X1 , 3X6 , 6X3 ,
2X9, 9X2 ,
9
4 9 2
2
9. 1) [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] = [ ] 2) [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] = [ 9 ]
9 16 8
2
0 1 2
10. [ ]
1 0 2
1
1
2
11. [ 2 1]
3
3
2
12. X= 1 Y=4 Z= 3
13. X = 2 Y=4 Z=0
2 −4 3 −2 −1 −2
14. X = -2A - B = [ ]-[ ]=[ ]
−6 −8 1 5 −7 −13
−1 5 3
15. 2A –B = [ ]
5 6 0
−1 −1
16. By solving X = [ ]
−2 −1
5 0 2 0
17. By solving above matrix X = [ ] and Y = [ ]
1 4 1 1
1 0
18. By multiplying we get the answer [ ]=I
0 1
19. 2+Y = 5 implies Y = 3 and 2x+2 = 8 implies x =3
2 5
20. A + A1 = [ ]
5 8
 3 −2 19
21. 3 A +2 B = [ ]
12 −3 14
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 −cos 𝜃 1 0
22. A A1 = [ ][ ]=[ ] = I after multiplying
−cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 0 1
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 −sin 𝜃 1 0
23. BB 1 = [ ][ ]=[ ]= I after multiplying
−sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 0 1
0 1 2
24. (AB) = [0 5 10]
1

0 7 14
−3 −4 1 14 −6
25. 1) [ ] 2) [ ] after multiplying
8 13 3 4 5
26. 3 |𝐴| = K |𝐴| implies K = 3
27. Y = 0, X = 3 by solving
28. The square matrix of order 3X3 = 9 and 2 entries

Then possible entries is 29 = 512

5 − 𝑥 2𝑦 − 8 3 0
29. [ ]= [ ] then X = 2 Y = 4
0 3 0 3
4 𝑥+2 4 2𝑥 − 3
30. [ ] = [ ] implies X = 5
2𝑥 − 3 𝑥 + 1 𝑥+2 𝑥+1

Solutions : Two mark and Three marks questions (SA)

1. books pens
15 6
15 10 13
Radha : 15 6 this can be expressed as [10 2] or [ ]
6 2 5
13 5
Fauzia : 10 2
Simran: 13 5
5
1
2
1
2. 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 2
2
3
[0 2]

3. X+ Y + Z = 9 X +Z = 5 Y+Z=7

7+Z=9 X+2=5 Y+2=7

Z= 2 X=3 Y=5

4. By solving equality a =1 , b= 2, c =3 and d = 4

 10
−2 −
3
14
5. X = 4
3
31 −7
[− 3 3 ]

6. compare two matrices X = 2, Y = 9

7. by solving we get X = 3 , Y = -4

8. by solving and compare we get X = 2 , Y = 4, Z = 1, w=3

cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦 sin 𝑦 cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) sin(x + 𝑦)

9. 𝐴𝑋 𝐴𝑌 = [ ] [ ] =[ ] = 𝐴𝑋+𝑌
−sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 −sin 𝑦 cos 𝑦 −sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) cos(𝑥 + 𝑦)

10. A2 = KA – 2I

1 −2 3𝑘 − 2 −2𝑘
[ ] =[ ]
4 −4 4𝑘 −2𝑘 − 2

Then 4K = 4

K =1

5 5 5 5
11. ( A+B) = [√3 − 1 4] and A + B = [√3 − 1
1 1 1
4]
4 4 4 4

Hence ( A+B)1 = A1 + B 1

12. B = A + A1 , B1 = (A + A1 )1 = A1+A = B ∴ B = A +A1 is symmetric

C = A –A 1 , C 1 = (A -A1 )1 = A1-A = -(A- A1) = - C ∴ C = A – A1 is skew- symmetric

1 5 1 6 2 11
13. Z = A + A1 = [ ] +[ ]=[ ] = Z1 ∴ Z = Z1 = A + A1 is symmetric
6 7 5 7 11 14

1 5 1 6 1 0 −1 1
14. Z1 = (A - A1)1 = ([ ] − [ ]) = ([ ] ) = -Z ∴ Z1 = - Z, A –A1
6 7 5 7 1 0
skew- symmetric
15. (AB) (AB)-1 = I
A-1(AB) (AB)-1 = A-1I IA=A
B(AB)-1 = A-1 IA-1 = A-1
B-1B(AB)-1 = B-1A-1 AA-1 = I
(AB)-1 = B-1A-1 BB-1 I
 1 2
16. A=[ ]
2 −1
A = IA
1 2 1 0
[ ]=[ ]A 𝑅2 = 𝑅2 − 2𝑅1
2 −1 0 1
1 2 1 0 1
[ ]=[ ]A 𝑅2 = − 𝑅2
0 −5 −2 1 5

1 2 1 0
[ ] = [ 2 − 1] A 𝑅1 = 𝑅1 − 2𝑅2
0 1 5 5
1 2
1 0
[ ] = [52 5 1] A
0 1 −
5 5
1 2

∴ A -1 = [52 5
1]
−
5 5
7 −3
17. By above process ∴A -1 = [ ]
−2 1
1 2
5 5
18. By above prose’s ∴A -1 = [−2 1]
5 5
10 −2
19. P = [ ]
−5 1
P = IP
10 −2 1 0
[ ] =[ ] P
−5 1 0 1
By elementary operation
1
1 −
1 0
10
[ 5] = [ 1 ]p
0 0 1
2
p-1 does not exists
8 5 15 5 7 0 0 0
20. A2 -5A +7I = [ ]-[ ]+[ ]= [ ]=0
−5 3 −5 10 0 7 0 0
21. By mathematical induction we get the solution
22. If A=A1 , B = B1 , (AB)1 = AB
(AB)1 = B1 A1 = BA ∴ AB = BA AB Is symmetric
2
23. A = A A By product of two matrix get the solution
8 −8
24. (AB)1 =[ ]
10 0
8 −8
B1A1 = [ ]
10 0
∴ (AB)1 = B1A1
25. By solving x = 2 , y = 4 , z = 3
 Solutions : Five mark questions (LA)
2 1 4 4 4 −7
1.AB =[−1 18] (AB) C = [35 −2 −39 22]
1 5 31 2 −27 11
7 2 −3 −1 4 4 4 −7
BC = [4 0 −4 2] A(BC) = [35 −2 −39 22]
7 −2 −11 8 31 2 −27 11

Hence (AB) C = A(BC)

10 9 1 10
2. (A +B) C = [20] AC = [12] BC = [ 8 ] AC + BC = [20]
28 30 −2 28

Hence (A +B) C = AC + BC

1 2 3 19 4 8 63 46 69
3. A = [3 −2 1] A = [ 1 12 8 ]
2
A = [60 −6 23]
3

4 2 1 14 6 15 92 46 63

LHS = A3 – 23A – 40 I = 0 By simplification

0 0 −3 0 0 −3
4. A + (B – C) = [9 −1 5 ] and (A+B) –C = [9 −1 5 ]
2 1 1 2 1 1

Hence A + (B – C) = (A+B) –C

2 3 5 2 3 5 0 0 0
5. 3A -5B = [1 2 4] - [ 1 2 4] = [ 0 0 0] = 0
7 6 2 7 6 2 0 0 0

1 −1 −3
6. A – 5A + 6I = [−1
2
−1 −10] by simplification
−5 4 4

1 0 2
7. If A = [0 2 1] by calculating A2 , A3 take LHS = RHS
2 0 3

2 −2 −4
8. B = [−1 3 4 ] by theorem number 2
1 −2 −3
1 1
B = (B +B 1) + (B -B 1) hence they are equal
2 2
 6 −2 2
9. B = [−2 3 −1] by theorem number 2
2 −1 3
1 1
B = (B +B 1) + (B -B 1) hence they are equal
2 2

4 6 5 7 9 13
11. If AB = [ ] AC = [ ] A(B+C) = [ ] = AB + AC
5 3 4 5 9 8

cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 0 cos 𝑦 − sin 𝑦 0

12. F(x).F(y) = [ sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 0] [ sin 𝑦 cos 𝑦 0]
0 0 1 0 0 1
cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) − sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) 0
= [ sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) 0] = F(x+y)
0 0 1
−2 4 5
13. LHS = (AB) = [−6 12
1
15 ] = B1A1 = RHS
12 −24 −30
14. By mathematical induction we get the solution