3.

MATRICES
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:
1. Give an example of a skew symmetric matrix of order 3?
2. Write the number of all possible matrices of order 2×2 with each entry 1, 2 or 3. [81]
|𝑖−𝑗|
3. Write the element a23 of a 3×3 matrix A = (𝑎𝑖𝑗 ) whose elements 𝑎𝑖𝑗 are given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 2
. [1/2]

4. If A is a square matrix such that 𝐴2 = I, then find the simplified value of (𝐴 − 𝐼)3 + (𝐴 + 𝐼)3 − 7𝐴
𝑥𝑦 4 8 𝑤
5. If [ ]=[ ], write the value of 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 [0]
𝑧+6 𝑥+𝑦 0 6
|−3𝑖+𝑗|
6. The element a23 of a 3×3 matrix are given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 2
. Write the value of the element a32[7/2]
𝑥
7. If (2𝑥 4) (−8) = 0, find the positive value of x. [4]

8. If A is a square matrix such that 𝐴2 = A, then write the value of 7A - (𝐴 + 𝐼)3 , where I is an
identity matrix [-I]
𝑎 + 4 3𝑏 ] [2𝑎 + 2 𝑏 + 2 ],
9. If [ = write the value of 𝑎 − 2𝑏 [0]
8 −6 8 𝑎 − 8𝑏
3 4 1 𝑦 7 0
10. If 2 [ ]+[ ]=[ ], find 𝑥 − 𝑦 [8]
5 𝑥 0 5 10 5
1 0
11. Solve the matrix equation for 𝑥: (𝑥 1) [ ]=0 [2]
−2 0
𝑥−𝑦 𝑧 −1 4
12. If [2𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑤] = [ 0 5], find 𝑥 + 𝑦 [3]

1 3 𝑦 0
13. If 2 [ ]+[ ] = [5 6], find 𝑥 + 𝑦 [6]
0 𝑥 1 2 1 8
𝑎−𝑏 2𝑎 + 𝑐 −1 5
14. Find the value of 𝑎 if [ ]=[ ] [1]
2𝑎 − 𝑏 3𝑐 + 𝑑 0 13
𝑥−𝑦 2𝑦 1 4
15. If [ ]=[ ], find 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 [10]
2𝑦 + 𝑧 𝑥+𝑦 9 5
9 −1 4 1 2 −1 8 −3 5
16. Find the matrix A if [ ] =𝐴+[ ] [ ]
−2 1 3 0 4 9 −2 −3 −6
|−3𝑖+𝑗|
17. If A is a 3×3 matrix whose elements are given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = . then a23= [1]
3

1 0 0 𝑥 1
18. Write the value of 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 if [0 1 0] [𝑦]=[−1] [0]
0 0 1 𝑧 0
(𝑖+2𝑗)²
19. For a 2×2 matrix A = (𝑎𝑖𝑗 ) whose elements 𝑎𝑖𝑗 are given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 4
, then a21 [4]

5 0 4 3 3 1
20. If 3𝐴 − 𝐵 = [ ], 𝐵 = [ ],then find the matrix A. [ ]
1 1 2 5 1 2
 2𝑥 + 1 2𝑦 𝑥 + 3 10
21. If [ 2 ]=[ ], find 𝑥 + 𝑦 [7]
0 𝑦 +1 0 26

22. If A is a square matrix such that 𝐴2 =A, then write the value of (𝐴 + 𝐼)2 - 3A,where I is an identity
matrix [ I]
2, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗 0 2
23. If matrix A= (𝑎𝑖𝑗 )2x2, where 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = { then A=? [ ]
0, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑖 = 𝑗 2 0
1 0 0 𝑥 1
24. If [0 𝑦 0] [−1] = [2], find 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 [0]
0 0 1 𝑧 1
1 0 𝑥 0
25. If [ ] +2[ ] = 𝐼, where I is a 2×2 unit matrix, find 𝑥 − 𝑦 [2]
𝑦 5 1 −2
2 −1 10
26. If 𝑥 [ ] + 𝑦 [ ] = [ ], write the value of 𝑥 [3]
3 1 5
3 4 4 3
−1 2 1
27. If AT=[−1 2] and 𝐵 = [ ], then find AT- BT [−3 0 ]
1 2 3
0 1 −1 −2
𝑥 5 3 −4 7 6
28. Find the value of 𝑥 + 𝑦 if 2 [ ]+[ ]=[ ] [11]
7 𝑦−3 1 2 15 14
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 ] sin 𝜃 − cos 𝜃] 1 0
29. Simplify: cos 𝜃 [ + sin 𝜃 [ [ ]
−sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 0 1
3 −3
30. If matrix 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐴2 = 𝜆𝐴, then write the value of 𝜆 [6]
−3 3
2 3 1 −3 −4 6
31. If [ ][ ][ ], then write the value of 𝑥 [13]
5 7 −2 4 −9 𝑥
1 −1
32. If matrix 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐴2 = 𝑘𝐴, then write the value of 𝑘 [2]
−1 1
2 −2
33. If matrix 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐴2 = 𝑝𝐴, then write the value of 𝑝 [4]
−2 2
0 0
34. Write a 2×2 matrix which is both symmetric and skew symmetric. [ ]
0 0
0 1 −2
35. For what value of x, is the matrix [−1 0 3 ] a skew symmetric matrix? [2]
𝑥 −3 0
0 2𝑏 −2
36. Matrix 𝐴 = [ 3 1 3 ] is given to be symmetric, find the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏. [ -2/3,3/2]
3𝑎 3 −1
2𝑘 + 3 4 5
37. For what value of k, the matrix [ −4 0 −6 ] is a skew symmetric matrix [-3/2]
−5 6 −2𝑘 − 3
cos 𝛼 − sin 𝛼 𝜋
38. If 𝐴 = [ ], find 𝛼 satisfying 0 < 𝛼 < when A+AT = √2𝐼 2, where AT is transpose of
sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 4
A.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:

1. Construct a matrix A = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] of order 2 whose elements are 𝑎𝑖𝑗 are given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 𝑒 2𝑖𝑥 sin 𝑗𝑥.
0 𝑏 −2
2. If 𝐴 = [ 3 1 3 ] is symmetric matrix. Find the values of 𝑎 and b. [-1,3]
2𝑎 3 −1
0 𝑥 −4
3. If 𝐴 = [−2 0 −1] is skew symmetric matrix. Find the values of 𝑥 and y. [2,4]
𝑦 −1 0
0 𝑎 𝑏 0 2𝑎 2𝑏
1 1 1
4. Find (A + A ) and (A - A ), If 𝐴 = −𝑎 0 𝑐
T T [ ], [
0, −2𝑎 0 2𝑐 ]
2 2 2
−𝑏 −𝑐 0 −2𝑏 −2𝑐 0
5. Prove that the diagonal elements of a skew symmetric matrix are all zero.
6. Show that ATA and AAT are both symmetric matrices for any matrix A.
cos 𝑞 sin 𝑞 cos 2𝑞 sin 2𝑞
7. If 𝐴 = [ ], then show that 𝐴2 = [ ]
− sin 𝑞 cos 𝑞 − sin 2𝑞 cos 2𝑞
0 1 −1
8. Verify that 𝐴2 = 𝐼 when 𝐴 = [4 −3 4 ], find the matrix C such that 3A + 5B + 2C is a null
3 −3 4
−24 −10
matrix. [ ]
−28 −38
3 −5 187 −195
9. If 𝐴 = [ ], then find 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 − 14𝐼. Hence find 𝐴3 . [ ]
−4 2 −156 148
𝑎 𝑏] [ 𝑎 6 4 𝑎+𝑏
10. Find the values of a, b, c and d if 3 [ = ]+[ ]. [2, 4, 1, 3]
𝑐 𝑑 −1 2𝑑 𝑐+𝑑 3
2 −1 −1 −8 −10
1 −2 −5
11. Find a matrix A such that [ 1 0 ] 𝐴 = [ 1 −2 −5 ] [ ]
3 4 0
−3 4 9 22 15
cos 𝛼 sin 𝛼 −1 𝑇
12. If 𝐴 = [ ], and 𝐴 = 𝐴 , find the value of 𝛼. [True for all values of 𝛼]
− sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼
0 𝑎 3
13. If the matrix [2 𝑏 −1] is a skew symmetric matrix, find the values of 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐. [-2, 0, -3]
𝑐 1 0
14. If A is a square matrix such that 𝐴2 = 𝐴, show that (𝐼 + 𝐴)3 = 7𝐴 + 𝐼.
15. If A and B are square matrices of the same order and B is a skew symmetric, show that 𝐴𝑇 𝐵𝐴 is
a skew symmetric.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:
2 0 1 1 1 3
1. If 𝐴 = [2 1 3], find 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 + 4𝐼 + 𝑋 = 0 [1 3 10 ]
1 −1 0 5 −4 −2
1 2 𝑥
2. If [2𝑥 3] [ ] [ ] = 0, then find 𝑥. [0 or -3/2]
−3 0 3
1 2 2 −3 2 2
1
3. If 𝐴 = [2 1 2], then show that 𝐴2 − 4𝐴 − 5𝐼 = 0, then find 𝐴−1 . 5
[2 −3 2 ]
2 2 1 2 2 −3
4. A shopkeeper has 3 varieties of pen A, B and C. Meenu purchase 1 pen of each variety for a total
of Rs.21. Jeevan purchase 4 pens of A variety, 3 pens say B variety and 2 pens of C variety for
Rs.60. While shikha purchased 6 pens of A variety, 2 pens of B variety and 3 pens of C variety for
Rs.70. Using matrix method find cost of each variety pen. [5, 8, 8]
 1 0 2
5. If 𝐴 = [0 2 1], prove that 𝐴3 − 6𝐴2 + 7𝐴 + 2𝐼 = 0
2 0 3
1 3 2
6. If 𝐴 = [2 0 −1], Then show that A satisfies the equation 𝐴3 − 4𝐴2 − 3𝐴 + 11𝐼 = 0
1 2 3
1 0 2
7. If 𝐴 = [0 2 1], prove that 𝐴3 − 6𝐴2 + 7𝐴 + 𝑘𝐼3 = 0, find k
2 0 3
2 4 −6
8. Express the matrix A= [7 3 5 ]as the sum of a symmetric and skew symmetric matrix.
1 −2 4
2 11/2 −5/2 0 −3/2 −7/2
Ans: [ 11/2 3 3/2 ] + [3/2 0 7/2 ]
−5/2 3/2 4 7/2 −7/2 0
1 3 3 7 −3 −3
9. Find the inverse of matrix A=[1 4 3] [−1 1 0]
1 3 4 −1 0 1
10. Find the inverse, by elementary row operations (if possible) of the following matrices.
1 3 1 −3 1 7 −3
(i) [ ] (ii) [ ] [22 [ ], Not Possible]
−5 7 −2 6 5 1
8 4 3
11. Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of matrix A=[2 1 1] and use it to solve
1 2 2
the following system of equations: 8x + 4y + 3z = 19, 2x + y + z = 5, x + 2y + 2z = 7;
0 2/3 −1/3
[1 −13/3 2/3 ] ;1, 2, 1
−1 4 0
−1 1 2 1 −1 1
12. Using elementary column operations, find the inverse of matrix: [ 1 2 3] . [−8 7 −5]
3 1 1 5 −4 3
0 2𝑦 𝑧
1 1 1
13. Find 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 if 𝐴 = [𝑥 𝑦 −𝑧] satisfies 𝐴−1 = 𝐴𝑇 . [± ,± ,± ]
√2 √6 √3
𝑥 −𝑦 𝑧

14. If possible, using elementary row transformation, find the inverse of the following matrices.
2 −1 3 2 3 −3 2 0 −1 −7 −15 17 3 −1 1
(i) [−5 3 1] (ii) [−1 −2 2 ] (iii) [5 1 0 ]. [−12 −15 17 ] , 𝑁𝑜, [−15 6 −5]
−3 2 3 1 1 1 0 1 3 1 1 −1 5 −2 2
2 3
15. Let 𝐴 = [ ]. Then show that 𝐴2 − 4𝐴 + 7𝐼 = 𝑂. Using this result calculate 𝐴5 also.
−1 2

−118 −93
[𝐴5 = 𝐴3 𝐴2 = [ ]]
31 −118