The Role of Insulin in Blood Glucose Levels Control System

An Analitycal Review

Khairil Mikdar1
1
Participant of International Applied Biology Olympiad 2021

Topic 1 metabolism, insulin can cause a

Insulin is a protein hormone produced
by beta pancreatic cell. This hormone
has an , effect on the control of glucose
catabolite reaction, which act as
reductor agent for blood glucose levels.
Abnormalities in the function of this
hormone have implications for various
metabolic disorders, such a
hyperglycemia which causes symptoms
of inflammation in various parts of the
body and hypoglycemia which causes
symptomps of letarghy.
response ia muscle cells and liver
cells as glucose storage organs. If
these two organs receive insulin
stimulation, there will be a transport
of glucose into the cells for further
conversion into glycogen, a
nutritional polysaccharides that stores
energy reserves. The Insulin
responses is mediated by a
multiprotein receptor complex that
controls the action of GLUT, a
glucose transporter.

Figure 1.2 – Insulin receptors

Figure 1.1 – Insulin polypeptide

Insulin can activate the GLUT

Chemically, insulin is a polar
transport protein, that can
polypeptide hormones, so it can
diffuse and distributed in blood
vessels to target cell. In terms of
transport then glucose molecule from
blood vessels into the cell. So, the
role of insulin in glucose metabolities
is reduce glucose blood levels.
Figure 1.3 – Insulin effect to glucose
blood levels.
Topic 2
There is four patient :
- E, have defect in step 1 (Insulin
secretions)
- F, have defect in step 2 (Insuline
binding to receptors)
- G, have defect in step 3 (Insulin
signaling cascade to activate the
GLUT molecule)
- H, have defect in step 4 (GLUT
function).
And of these four patient, we
performed 2 differents test, that is:
 Test 1 : Muscle cells from each
patient were isolated of insulin
binding cells to different
concentrations of insulin was
determined (figure Q.30B), this
test use to shown the binding of
insulin to the receptors.
 Test 2 : each patient was injected
with same insulin quantity related
to their body mass and their
plasma glucose concentrations
were measured at the various
times after injections (figure
Q.30C), this test use to shown the
response of insulin in the cell.
Note :
- Line 1 and 3, shown the normal
response of the insulin.
Based on the data and facts
presented, we can determine whether
the following statements are true or
false based on scientific analysis
related to the research topic.
A. The result of test 1 patient G
could be shown in Line 1.
This statements is true, the patient
G is only have defect in insulin
signaling cascade , so the active
receptor cant activate the GLUT.
The other steps, like secretions
and binding to receptor can
normally work.
B. Lines 2 and 3 show the results os
test 1 and 2, respectively, of
patient F.
This statement is wrong, because
patient F is have defect in insulin
binding, so the patients cant
response the insulin anymore.
C. Lines 3 show the tested results of
patient E.
 This statement is true, because
patient E only cant secrete the
insulin, so if there is insulin
injection, the system can work
normally.
D. Lines 1 and 4 show the results of
test 1 and 2, respectively, Patient
H.
This statement is true, patient H
have defect in GLUT function, so
the cell can transport the glucose
into the cell even there is insulin
and signaling insulin normally
work.

Reference
 Campbell, et all,2008. Biology.
New York : McGraw Hill.
 Nathania Sutisna, dr. 2019.
Resistensi Insulin dan Fungsi
Kognitif. Jakarta : Alomedika
 Personal Notes.