Hydraulic jet

Take the density of the liquid is 850kg/m 3, and A2 = 8 times larger surface area than A1. Calculate the
ratio of F/A2.

A2
A1
P2
F

P1 P3
h2=2.5m
h1=1.5m

P1=P2 + ρg ∆ h

∆ h=h2 −h1=1 m

F
P 1=
A1

F2
P 2=
A2

F F2
= + ρg ( h2−h1 )
A1 A2

F A2 F2 A2
( ) (
A1 F
=
A2
+ ρg ( h 2−h1 )
F ) 8
A2 F2 A2
= + ρg ( h2 −h1 )
A1 F F

F ρg ( h 2−h1 )
=
A2 8
F 850∗9.81∗( 1 )
=
A2 8

F 850∗9.81∗( 1 )
= =1042N/m2
A2 8

Pressure and head

1. A container has absolute pressure of 450kPa. Calculate gage pressure of the container.
P|¿|= P atm + Pgage ¿

Pgage =P|¿|− P atm ¿

Pgage =450 kPa−101 kPa

Pgage =3 49 kPa

2. The tube has vacuum pressure is 50kPa, calculate absolute pressure of the tube.
P|¿|= P atm −Pvacuum ¿

P|¿|=101 kPa−50 kPa ¿

P|¿|=5 1 kPa ¿
 Pgage=+ve

Pvac=-ve

Patm Pgage=0
Pvac=0

Pgage=-ve

Pvac=+ve