Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GENTLE READER,
Countless aeons went by and a certain Taoist called Vanitas in quest of the secret
of immortality chanced to be passing below that same Greensickness Peak in the
Incredible Crags of the Great Fable Mountains when he caught sight of a large stone
standing there, on which the characters of a long inscription were clearly
discernible.
����Vanitas read the inscription through from beginning to end and learned that
this was a once lifeless stone block which had been found unworthy to repair the
sky, but which had magically transformed its shape and been taken down by the
Buddhist mahasattva Impervioso and the Taoist illuminate Mysterioso into the world
of mortals, where it had lived out the life of a man before finally attaining
nirvana and returning to the other shore. The inscription named the country where
it had been born, and went into considerable detail about its domestic life,
youthful amours, and even the verses, mottoes and riddles it had written. All it
lacked was the authentication of a dynasty and date. On the back of the stone was
inscribed the following quatrain:
Found unfit to repair the azure sky
Long years a foolish mortal man was I.
My life in both worlds on this stone is writ:
Pray who will copy out and publish it?
From his reading of the inscription Vanitas realized that this was a stone of some
consequence. Accordingly he addressed himself to it in the following manner:
������Brother Stone, according to what you yourself seem to imply in these verses,
this story of yours contains matter of sufficient interest to merit publication and
has been carved here with that end in view. But as far as I can see (a) it has no
discoverable dynastic period, and (b) it contains no examples of moral grandeur
among its characters��no statesmanship, no social message of any kind. All I can
find in it, in fact, are a number of females, conspicuous, if at all, only for
their passion or folly or for some trifling talent or insignificant virtue. Even if
I were to copy all this out, I cannot see that it would make a very remarkable
book.��
��Come, your reverence,' said the stone (for Vanitas had been correct in
assuming that it could speak) ��must you be so obtuse? All the romances ever
Written have an artificial period setting��Han or Tang for the most part. In
refusing to make use of that stale old convention and telling my Story of the Stone
exactly as it occurred, it seems to me that, far from depriving it of anything, I
have given it a freshness these other books do not have.
������Your so-called ��historical romances��, consisting, as they do, of scandalous
anecdotes about statesmen and emperors of bygone days and scabrous attacks on the
reputations of long-dead gentlewomen, contain more wickedness and immorality than I
care to mention. Still worse is the ��erotic novel��, by whose filthy obscenities
our young folk are all too easily corrupted. And the ��boudoir romances��, those
dreary stereotypes with their volume after volume all pitched on the same note and
their different characters undistinguishable except by name (all those ideally
beautiful young ladies and ideally eligible young bachelors)�� even they seem
unable to avoid descending sooner or later into indecency.
������The trouble with this last kind of romance is that it only gets written in
the first place because the author requires a framework in which to show off his
love-poems. He goes about constructing this framework quite mechanically, beginning
with the names of his pair of young lovers and invariably adding a third character,
a servant or the like, to make mischief between them, like the chou in a comedy.
������Wat makes these romances even more detestable is the stilted, bombastic
language�� inanities dressed in pompous rhetoric, remote alike from nature and
common sense and teeming with the grossest absurdities.
��Surely my "number of females", whom I spent half a lifetime studying with
my own eyes and ears, are preferable to this kind of stuff? I do not claim that
they are better people than the ones who appear in books written before my time; I
am only saying that the contemplation of their actions and motives may prove a more
effective antidote to boredom and melancholy. And even the inelegant verses with
which my story is interlarded could serve to entertain and amuse on those convivial
occasions when rhymes and riddles are in demand.
��All that my story narrates, the meetings and partings, the joys and
sorrows, the ups and downs of fortune, are recorded exactly as they happened. I
have not dared to add the tiniest bit of touching-up, for fear of losing the true
picture.
��My only wish is that men in the world below may sometimes pick up this tale
when they are recovering from sleep or drunkenness, or when they wish to escape
from business worries or a fit of the dumps, and in doing so find not only mental
refreshment but even perhaps, if they will heed its lesson and abandon their vain
and frivolous pursuits, some small arrest in the deterioration of their vital
forces. What does your reverence say to that?��
For a long time Vanitas stood lost in thought, pondering this speech. He then
subjected the Story of the stone to a careful second reading. He could see that its
main theme was love; that it consisted quite simply of a true record of real
events; and that it was entirely free from any tendency to deprave and corrupt. He
therefore copied it all out from beginning to end and took it back with him to look
for a publisher.
As a consequence of all this, Vanitas, starting off in the Void (which is
Truth) came to the contemplation of Form (which is Illusion); and from Form
engendered Passion; and by communicating Passion, entered again Into Form; and from
Form awoke to the Void (which is Truth). He therefore changed his name from Vanitas
to Brother Amor, or the Passionate Monk, (because he had approached Truth by way of
Passion), and changed the title of the book from The Story of the S tone to The
Tale of Brother Amor.
Old Kong Mei-xi from the homeland of Confucius called the book A Mirror for
the Romantic. Wu Yu-feng called it A Dream of Golden Days. Cao Xueqin in his
Nostalgia Studio worked on it for ten years, in the course of which he rewrote it
no less than five times, dividing it into chapters, composing chapter headings,
renaming it The Twelve Beauties of Jinling, and adding an introductory quatrain.
Red Inkstone restored the original title when he recopied the book and added his
second set of annotations to it.
This, then, is a true account of how The Story of the Stone carne to be
written.
Pages full of idle word
Penned with hot and bitter tears:
All men call the author fool;
None his secret message hears.
*
The origin of The Story of the Stone has now been made clear. The same cannot,
however, be said of the characters and events which it recorded. Gentle reader,
have patience! This is how the inscription began:
Long, long ago the World was tilted downwards towards the south-east; and in
that lower-lying south-easterly part of the earth there is a city called Soochow;
and in Soochow the district around the Chang-men Gate is reckoned one of the two or
three wealthiest and most fashionable quarters in the world of men. Outside the
Chang-men Gate is a wide thorough-fare called Worldly Way; and somewhere off
Worldly Way is an area called Carnal Lane. There is an old temple in the Carnal
Lane area which, because of the way it is bottled up inside a narrow Cul-de-Sac, is
referred to locally as Bottle-gourd Temple Next door to Bottle-gourd Temple lived a
gentleman of private means called Zhen Shi-yin and his wife Feng-shi, a kind, good
woman with a profound sense of decency and decorum. The household was not a
particularly wealthy one, but they were nevertheless looked up to by all and sundry
as the leading family in the neighbourhood.
Zhen Shi-yin himself was by nature a quiet and totality unambitious person.
He devoted his time to his garden and to the pleasures of wine and poetry. Except
for a single flaw, his existence could, indeed, have been described as an idyllic
one. The flaw was that, although already past fifty, he had no son, only a little
girl, just two years old, whose name was Ying-lian.
Once, during the tedium of a burning summer's day, Shi-yin was sitting idly
in his study. The book had slipped from his nerveless grasp and his head had nodded
down Onto the desk in a doze. While in this drowsy state he seemed to drift off to
some place he could not identify, where he became aware of a monk and a Taoist
walking along and talking as they went.
��Where do you intend to take that thing you are carrying?�� the Taoist was
asking.
��Don't you worry about him!�� replied the monk with a laugh. ��There is a
batch of lovesick souls awaiting incarnation in the world below whose fate is due
to be decided this very day. I intend to take advantage of this opportunity to slip
our little friend in amongst them and let him have a taste of human life along with
the rest.��
��Well, well, so another lot of these amorous wretches is about to enter the
vale of tears,�� said the Taoist.�� How did all this begin? And where are the souls
to be reborn?��
������You will laugh when I tell you,�� said the monk. 'when this 8tone was left
unused by the goddess, he found himself at a loose end and took to wandering about
all over the place for want of better to do, until one day his wanderings took him
to the place where the fairy Disenchantment lives.
��Now Disenchantment could tell that there was something unusual about this
stone, so she kept him there in her Sunset Glow Palace and gave him the honorary
title of Divine Luminescent Stone-in-Waiting in the Court of Sunset Glow.
��But most of his time he spent west of Sunset Glow exploring the banks of
the Magic River. There, by the Rock of Rebirth, he found the beautiful Crimson
Pearl Flower, for which he conceived such a fancy that he took to watering her
every day with sweet dew, thereby conferring on her the gift of life.
��Crimson Pearl's substance was composed of the purest cosmic essences, so
she was already half-divine; and now, thanks to the vitalizing effect of the sweet
dew, she was able to shed her vegetable shape and assume the form of a girl.
��This fairy girl wandered about outside the Realm of Separation, eating the
Secret Passion Fruit when she was hungry and drinking from the Pool of Sadness when
she was thirsty. The consciousness that she owed the stone something for his
kindness in watering her began to prey on her mind and ended by becoming an
obsession.
�� ��I have no sweet dew here that I can repay him with,�� she would say to
herself ��The only way in which I could perhaps repay him would be with the tears
shed during the whole of a mortal lifetime if he and I were ever to be reborn as
humans in the world below.��
��Because of this strange affair, Disenchantment has got together a group of
amorous young souls, of which Crimson Pearl is one, and intends to send them down
into the world to take part in the great illusion of human life. And as today
happens to be the day on which this stone is fated to go into the world too, I am
taking him with me to Disenchantment's tribunal for the purpose of getting him
registered and sent down to earth with the rest of these romantic creatures.��
'How very amusing 1' said the Taoist. 'I have certainly never heard of a debt
of teats before. why shouldn't the two of us take advantage of this opportunity to
go down into the world ourselves and save a few souls? It would be a work of
merit.'
'That is exactly what I was thinking,' said the monk. 'Come with me to
Disenchantment's palace to get this absurd creature cleared. Then, when this last
batch of romantic idiots goes down, you and I can go down with them. At present
about half have already been born. They await this last batch to make up the
number.'
'Very good, I will go with you then,' said the Taoist Shi-yin heard all this
conversation quite clearly, and curiosity impelled him to go forward and greet the
two reverend gentle-men. They returned his greeting and asked him what he wanted.
'It is not often that one has the opportunity of listening to a discussion of
the operations of karma such as the one I have just been privileged to overhear,'
said Shi-yin. 'Unfortunately I am a man of very limited understanding and have not
been able to derive the full benefit from your conversation. If you would have the
very great kindness to enlighten my benighted understanding with a somewhat fuller
account of what you were discussing, I can promise you the most devout attention. I
feel sure that your teaching would have a salutary effect on me and��who
knows��might save me from the pains of hell.'
����The reverend gentlemen laughed. 'These are heavenly mysteries and may not be
divulged. But if you wish to escape from the fiery pit, you have only to remember
us when the time comes) and all will be well.'
Shi-yin saw that it would be useless to press them. 'Heavenly mysteries must
not, of course, be revealed. But might one perhaps inquire what the "absurd
creature" is that you were talking about? Is it possible that I might be allowed to
see it?'
'Oh, as for that,' said the monk: 'I think it is on the cards for you to have
a look at him,' and he took the object from his sleeve and handed it to Shi-yin.
Shi-yin took the object from him and saw that it was a clear, beautiful jade
on one side of which were carved the words 'Magic Jade'. There were several columns
of smaller characters on the back, which Shi-yin was lust going to examine more
closely when the monk, with a cry of 'Here we are, at the frontier of Illusion',
snatched the stone from him and disappeared, with the Taoist, through a big stone
archway above which
Shi-yin was on the point of following them through the archway when suddenly
a great clap of thunder seemed to shake the earth to its very foundations, making
him cry out in alarm.
And there he was sitting in his study, the contents of his dream already half
forgotten, with the sun still blazing on the ever-rustling plantains outside, and
the wet-nurse at the door with his little daughter Ying-lian in her arms. Her
delicate little pink-and-white face seemed dearer to him than ever at that moment,
and he stretched out his arms to take her and hugged her to him.
After playing with her for a while at his desk, he carried her out to the
front of the house to watch the bustle in the street. He was about to go in again
when he saw a monk and a Taoist approaching, the monk scabby-headed and barefoot)
the Taoist tousle-haired and limping. They were behaving like madmen, shouting with
laughter and gesticulating wildly as they walked along.
When this strange pair reached Shi-yin's door and saw him standing there
holding Ying-lian, the monk burst into loud sobs. 'Patron,' he said, addressing
Shi-yin, 'what are you doing, holding in your arms that ill-fated creature who is
destined to involve both her parents in her own misfortune?'
Shi-yin realized that he was listening to the words of a madman and took no
notice. But the monk persisted;
'Give her to me! Give her to me!'
Shi-yin was beginning to lose patience and clasping his little girl tightly to
him, turned an his heel and was about to re-enter the house when tine monk printed
his finger at him roared with laughter and then proceeded to intone the following
verse:
Shi-yin heard all this quite plainly and was a little worried by it. He was
thinking or asking the monk what lay behind these puzzling words when he heard the
Taoist say, 'We don't need to stay tether. Why don��t we part company here and each
go about his own business? Three kalpas from now I shall wait far you on Bei-mang
Hill. Having joined forces again there. we can go together to the Land of illusion
to sign off.��
'Excellent!' said the other. And the two if them went off and soon were both
lost to sight.
'There must have been something behind all this,' thought Shi-yin to himself. '1
really ought to hive asked him what he meant, but now it is too late.'
He was still standing outside his door brooding when Jia Yu-cun, the poor
student who lodged at the Bottle-gourd Temple next door, came up to him. Yu-cun
was a native of Hu-zhou and came from a family of scholars and bureaucrats which
had, however, fallen on bad times when Yu-cun was born. The family Fortunes on both
his father��s and mother��s side had all been ten spent. and the members of the
family bad themselves gradually died off until only Yu-cun was left There were no
prospect for him in his home town, so he had set off for the capital, in search of
fame and fortune. Unfortunately he had got no further than Soochow when his funds
ran out, and he had now been living there in poverty for a year, lodging in this
temple and keeping himself alive by working as a copyist. For this reason Shi-yin
saw a great deal of his company.
As soon as he caught sight of Shi-yin, Yu-cun clasped his hands in greeting
and smiled ingratiatingly. 'I could see you standing there gazing, sir. Has
anything been happening in the street?'
'No, no,' said Shi-yin. 'It just happened that my little girl was crying, so
I brought her out here to amuse her. Your coming is most opportune, dear boy. I was
beginning to feel most dreadfully bored. Won't you come into my little den, and we
can help each other to while away this tedious hot day?'
So saying, he called for a servant to take the child indoors, while he
himself took Yu-cun by the hand and led him into his study, where his boy served
them both with tea. But they had not exchanged half-a-dozen words before one of the
servants rushed in to say that 'Mr Yan had come to pay a call.' Shi-yin hurriedly
rose up and excused himself: 'I seem to have brought you here under false
pretences. I do hope you will forgive me. If you don't mind sitting on your own
here for a moment, I shall be with you directly.'
Yu-cun rose to his feet too. 'Please do not distress yourself on my account,
sir. I am a regular visitor here and can easily wait a bit.' But by the time he had
finished saying this, Shi-yin was already out of the study and on his way to the
guest-room.
Left to himself, Yu-cun was flicking through some of Shi-yin's books of
poetry in order to pass the time, when he heard a woman's cough outside the window.
Immediately he jumped up and peered out to see who it was. The cough appeared to
have come from a maid who was picking flowers in the garden. She was an unusually
good4ooking girl with a rather refined face: not a great beauty, by any means, but
with something striking about her. Yu-cun gazed at her spellbound.
Having now finished picking her flowers, this anonymous member of the Zhen
household was about to go in again when, on some sudden impulse, she raised her
head and caught sight of a man standing in the window. His hat was frayed and his
clothing threadbare; yet, though obviously poor, he had a fine, manly physique and
handsome, well-proportioned features.
The maid hastened to remove herself from this male presence; but as she went
she thought to herself, 'What a fine-looking man! But so shabby! The family hasn't
got any friends or relations as poor as that. It must be that Jia Yu-cun the master
is always on about. No wonder he says that he won't stay poor long. I remember
hearing him say that he's often wanted to help him but hasn't yet found an
opportunity.' And thinking these thoughts she could not forbear to turn back for
another peep or two.
Yu-cun saw her turn back and, at once assuming that she had taken a fancy to
him, was beside himself with delight. What a perceptive young woman she must be, he
thought, to have seen the genius underneath the rags! A real friend in trouble!
After a while the boy came in again and Yu-cun elicited from him that the
visitor in the front room was now staying to dinner. It was obviously out of the
question to wait much longer, so he slipped down the passage-way at the side of the
house and let himself out by the back gate. Nor did Shi-yin invite him round again
when, having at last seen off his visitor, he learned that Yu-cun had already left.
But then the Mid Autumn festival arrived and, after the family cdnvivialities
were over, Shi-yin had a little dinner for two laid out in his study and went in
person to invite Yu-cun, walking to his temple lodgings in the moonlight.
Ever since the day the Zhens' maid had, by looking back twice over her
shoulder, convinced him that she was a friend, Yu-cun had had the girl very much on
his mind, and now that it was festival time, the full moon of Mid Autumn lent an
inspiration to his romantic impulses which finally resulted in the following octet:
Having delivered himself of this masterpiece, Yu-cun's thoughts began to run on his
unrealized ambitions and, after much head-scratching and many heavenward glances
accompanied by heavy sighs, he produced the following couplet, reciting it in a
loud, ringing voice which caught the ear of Shi-yin, who chanced at that moment to
be arriving:
'The jewel in the casket bides till one shall come to buy.
The jade pin in the drawer hides, waiting its time to fly.'2
Shi-yin approached the Taoist and questioned him. 'what is a" this you are saying?
All I can make out is a lot of "won" and "done
����'If you can make out "won" and "done",' replied the Taoist with a smile, 'you
may be said to have understood; for in all the affairs of this world what is won is
done, and what is done is won; for whoever has not yet done has not yet won, and in
order to have won, one must first have done. I shall call my song the "Won-Done
Song"'
����Shi-yin had always been quick-witted, and on hearing these words a flash of
understanding had illuminated his mind. He therefore smiled back at the Taoist:
'Wait a minute! How would you like me to provide your "Won-Done Song" with a
commentary?
���� 'Please do!' said the Taoist; and Shi-yin proceeded as follows:
'Mean hovels and abandoned halls
Where courtiers once paid daily calls:
Bleak haunts where weeds and willows scarcely thrive
Were once with mirth and revelry alive.
Whilst cobwebs shroud the mansion's gilded beams,
The cottage casement with choice muslin gleams.
Would you of perfumed elegance recite?
Even as you speak, the raven locks turn white.
Who yesterday her lord's bones laid in clay,
On silken bridal-bed shall lie today.
Coffers with gold and silver filled:
Now, in a trice, a tramp by all reviled.
One at some other's short life gives a sigh,
Not knowing that he, too, goes home��to die!
The sheltered and well-educated lad,
In spite of all your care, may turn out bad;
����'A very accurate commentary!' cried the mad, lame Taoist, clapping his hands
delightedly.
����But Shi-yin merely snatched the satchel that hung from the other's shoulder and
slung it from his own, and with a shout of 'Let's go!' and without even waiting to
call back home, he strode off into the wide world in the company of the madman.
����This event made a great uproar in the little town, and news of it was relayed
from gossip to gossip until it reached the ears of Mrs Zhen, who cried herself into
fits when she heard it. After consulting her father, she sent men out to inquire
everywhere after her husband; but no news of him was to be
����It was now imperative that she should move in with her parents and look to them
for support. Fortunately she still had the two maids who had stayed on with her
from the Soochow days, and by sewing and embroidering morning, noon and night, she
and her women were able to make some contribution to her father's income. The
latter still found daily occasion to complain, but there was very little he could
do about it.
����One day the elder of the two maids was purchasing some silks at the door when
she heard the criers clearing the street and all the people began to tell each
other that the new mandarin had arrived. She hid in the doorway and watched the
guards and runners marching past two by two. But when the mandarin in his black hat
and scarlet robe of office was borne past in his great chair, she stared for some
time as though puzzled. 'where have I seen that mandarin before?' she wondered.
'His face looks extraordinarily familiar.' But presently she went into the house
again and gave the matter no further thought.
����That night, just as they were getting ready for bed, there was suddenly a great
commotion at the door and a confused hubbub of voices shouting that someone was
wanted at the yamen for questioning, which so terrified Feng Su that he was
momentarily struck dumb and could only stare.
If you wish to know what further calamity this portended, you will have to read
the following chapter.