Ans1-) Meaning of Environment

Section 2(a) of the Environment Protection Act, 1986 defines the term
'environment' as follows: “Environment” includes water, air and land and the
relationship which exists amongst and between water, air and land, and
human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organism and property.

can be defined as the circumstances and conditions that surround an organism or group of
organism or the social and cultural conditions that affect an individual or community.

the complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors (such as climate, soil, and living things) that act
upon an organism or an ecological community and ultimately determine its form and survival.

Ans2-) The objective of the Stockholm Declaration: Human rights must be asserted, apartheid and
colonialism condemned. Natural resources must be safeguarded. The Earth's capacity to produce
renewable resources must be maintained.

The Stockholm Declaration of 1972 broadly recognizes global issues and has eventually come up with 26
principles and with some frameworks as well to bind all the countries together to deal with these
environmental issues.

The Declaration urges every country to create regulations for protecting wildlife and natural resources
that are available in that country and suggests that every country create national population policies
since overpopulation is also one of the major causes why we are left with limited natural resources
today.

Ans-3) The convention adopted the following:

1. A basic declaration containing a set of common principles to aid the people in protecting
and conserving the environment. 

2. A detailed resolution for financial and institutional arrangements for environmental

protection.

3. An action plan containing 109 recommendations. This aims to identify and quantify the
environmental problems, warn about any crisis, and to adopt supporting measures, by
establishing an Earthwatch.

At the end of the convention 26 principles were adopted and declared by the participating states.
This is known as the Magna Carta of the human environment. 
The declaration is divided into 2 parts. The first part contains seven truths about man and his connection
with the environment. It also contains general observations, such as that men are both creators and
molders of their environment. The protection of the environment is a pressing issue. It is the desire of
the citizens of all the nations and the responsibility of all the governments to protect and preserve the
environment. The second part contains 26 principles which form the basis of the international policy for
the protection and preservation of the environment.

Stockholm Conference has been described as the “Magna Carta of our environment”. In the UN
Conference on Human Environment, the two conflicting concepts; protection of environment and
socio economic development were taken into consideration

the Magna Carta protected people from the dangers of monarchical rule, NEPA protects people
by providing transparency in federal projects.   Both the Magna Carta and NEPA espouse the
ideals of public participation and democracy by giving citizens a voice in government decisions. 
In its purpose, NEPA aims “to promote efforts which will prevent or eliminate damage to the
environment and biosphere and stimulate the health and welfare of man.”  After its creation in
1969, NEPA worked to promote these efforts at home while also laying the groundwork for a
host of countries and international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) to imitate it..