ALLIGATION AND MIXTURES Introduction Weighted Average kis observed that the average can be calculated only ifthe weights ofall the factors are same, Hence, the weighted average is a more generalized form of average. This can be farther understood withthe following illustration, Class A Class B No.of students 10 10 Averageage 12 yrs. l6yrs Now, if we combine both these classes, then the average age ofall the students example of average. Let us see another example: 14 years. This is one standard Class A Class B No.of students 10 14 Averageage —12yrs A4yrs Now, if we combine these two classes, then the average can not be calculated by the above mentioned method, since the weights attached to different averages are different. Finding Expression for Weighted Average Lower value Higher value (average A,) Lo {average 4,) SNS 7 Wrighted average aa Quanity Quartiy (ateverage A) (ot average A,) im) (a ‘And we write this as: “t= Glantty wer price) any (igh priced) ~ Average pic-Lower price Ieis quite obvious that the ratio of the number of persons items in different groups is proportionate to the deviations of their average from the average ofall the people combined. This average ofall the members combined is known as weighted average and is denoted by Aw. This process of mixing the two groups is also referred as alligaton, Elements of Weighted Average ‘As we can see from the above derivation, there are five quantities Number of members in 1st group (n:) Number of members in 2nd group (m1) ‘Average of 1s group (A) ‘Average of 2nd group (Az) Weighted average (Au) Normally, inthe case of weighted average, we get questions in which one of these five elements is missing, and with the help of the remaining four quantities, the value of that missing quantity is found. Different possibility (situations) are given below (¥ represents - data given, N represents ~ data not given): Sitution Ny Ne Ay First Second Third Fourth Fifith Sixth Aw zz<<<< zeze<< << Mixture) 3 kg of copper in 25 kg mixture 1 kg of copper 3 kamiture 69 kg of copper o8x69 = 25x23 = 575k9 Alloy =575 te (d) Let the amount of water be x liter‘According to the question, x43 3 x x=6 ‘Thus, Quantity of spirit in the mixture x+3 =6+3 =9liters Alternate: Spirit : Water 4 4 os) 1 unit more Lunit =3 liters 3units = 9 liters (a) Water content in 40 liters of mixture = 40 x10/100 = 4 liters Thus, Milk in the mixture = 40-4 = 36 liters Let x litters of water is mixed 4+x 20 1 40+x 100° 5 x =Silters Alternate: 10% 100% (In this (Pure when water water is added is 10%) it 100% water) 10% 1 20% > (Final water 6) ‘80 (This mixture is 8 quantity of of 40 liters muttiy| sos | water added in ratio) by 5 to make it 40 40 5 Liters Note: You can also solve this problem by ratio method. Alternative: Change the percentage into the ratio Initial Mixture Final mixture 0 1 (Thisis the 10% water 20% water 20a 21 100-10 100 5 (1 >Water, 10 Mixture) (1 > Water, 5> Mixture) Water 1 Thus, “ete =} Water 1 milk 5-1 Now, Water: Milk Initial Ratio 14: 9xe Final Ratio 15 das Remember water is added not milk, so make milk equal Water Milk Initial Ratio 36 stntsad ) Final Ratio 36 > 4+36=40 Thus, 40 units = 40 liters Lunit = 1 liter Sunits =5 liters (a) Milk Water Initial ratio 7. Baa FinalRatio 3.7 > Tar Thus, Remainder water is added, so make milk equal a: 9 1+9 =30 40 21: 49" = 21449 =70 30 units = 30 liters Lunits = 1 liters 40. units = 40 liters {b) According to the question Pure alcohol = 100% By Allegation, 15% 100% Ss > Final Alcohol 68. 7 This mixture «4 quantity is of 400 ml | 1 > Thisis the iAlcohol in ration multiply by 100 make it 400 400 [100] Alternate: A w Total 3 v7 20 Units added ( 8 7 25 20 units -> 400 ml 1 unit > 400/20 Sunits > 2x5 = 100 Thus, Alcohol added to the mixture = 100 ml (a) According to the question, S.P. of 1 kg mixture = Rs. 68.2 30 Profit= 10% = 22 (> Profit, 105) SP. =10+1 = 11 units Thus, 11 units = 68.2 tunit =? =62 10 units = 62 Thus, Cost price of 1 kg mixture Rs. 62 \ J 62 (65-62)=3 : (62-60)=2 Required ratio =3 :2 (b) According to the question, Wine Water Total Initial Ratio 3 1 4 nairat er 5 (i ; 2: 2 ‘unit taken out and added Hence Required part of quantity Alternative : Let the quantity of liquid drawn out * 3 Sas} 1 1 l-gxtx 12-34 4-44 8-6 ‘ xy Hence required part of quantity = = 2 Alternative Let the quantity of liquid drawn out = x Hence Required part of quantity wie 4 {b) By allegation rule 80% 100% {In the initial (When pure gold is added mixture gold itis 100%) is 80%) 4 (100-95)=5 (95-80) 959% 215 5 15 (This is the quantity of gold added in ratio) x50 50m [aso em] {d) According to the question, 5xMilk = 3x81 = 27 Final Quantity of milk= Initial Quantity (1—%)" x = Quantity taken out ata time Capacity of vessel 0, of process Thus, Quantity of water = 81-36 = 45 Ratio of milk and water in final mixture10. 11. 12. 13. a4 5 24:5 (d) According to the question, Milk Water Initial Ratio 7 <2 Baa FinalRatio 2.) : tay Remainder water is added not milk so make milk equal ia = 20unit \: units = soliters Lunt 4 ters ‘Water added = 4 liters (c) According to the question Milk Water Total (Take LOM) Mixture A 4x2 5x2 =9. 2 4. oN 6 MintureB 5x3: 13 Final Minture 5x2: 4x2 Again Mik Water Mixture A 8: 10 inte 8 3:3 Final mixture 10 8 By allegation rule (milk) a 1s (mikin (Mik in minture ) mixture A) JN s : : (b) According to the question, Milk Water 7 sum 1s s+ Remember water is added and not milk, so make milk equal but here milk is already equal Bunits = 15 liters Lunit = 5 liters Bunits = 40 liters Total quantity of water in the new mixture. = 40 liters {c) According to the question, Initial mixture contains 15% water Therefore milk content in the mixture 16. =(100-15)% = 85% By Allegation rule: 85% 100% (milk in Mixture Pure milk) AN 25 25 5 1 40% 40% 200 40 liters Amount of milk added = 40 liters {d) Let the price of the water be Rs. 0 According to the question S.P. of the mixture = 20s. CP of the mixture = 20 x 100/125 =Rs. 16 Now using Allegation method Chemical Water (16-0) =16 (25-16) =9 Ratio of water to chemical =9 116 {b) According to the question, ‘Average price of mixed tea Rs, 257.60 Alternate Take Difference = 40 divide it in ratio 7:9 280 240 40x = 225 Thus, 280- x =225 x =280 -225 =Rs. 257.50 {b) According to the question By allegation:17. 18. 19. (Alcohol in first mixture) 30% N\ 5 : 15 1 : 3 (a) According to the question Milk: Water 7 2. =9 » unit 73 Thus, Remember, water is added not milk, so make milk equal. Here milk is already equal. 9 units 729 1 unit =81 units ‘The amount of water added = 81 liters {a) According to the question, (Alcohol in second mixture) 50% \ '45% (Alcohol in final mixture) / Milk Water Initial Ratio Tea Les Final Ratio Tas day Thus, Remember, water is added, not milk, so make milk equal Initial Ratio 21 : ‘\ = 24 4 units FinalRatio 21: 7 24 units =40 liters 20. 40 1 unit = 2 fiters 4 units = 2x4 2 (a) According to the question = 62 liters Infirstalloy 1x65 : 2x39 =3. 65 Second Alloy 2x39: 3x39 =5 195 Newalloy 5x15 :; 8x15 =13 15 First alloy 65 : 130 Secondalloy 78 : 117 New alloy 75 : 120 Apply allegation 65, 78 \ 7 7B LN 10 (c) According to the question 10 liters of mixture taken out Ratio will also be 4 : 1 Thus, Liquid B is poured, there is no change in A make A equal. A: B 4 3 2a Baa 4:1 \ =Sunit 4: 62 Suni {10 liters of liquid) Thus, Sunit= 10 liters L unit =2 liters 5 units = 10|iters But j10 liters were initially taken out Thus, Initial mixture = 10 + 10 = 20 liters21. 22. 23. 24, auantitya =£% 20 = 16 liters Alternate: Let the inital quantity ot qué Aand 8 = 4x andx According to question 4x-8 2 x-2+10 — 12x -24 = 2x+16 10x= 40 xed > Initial quantity = 4x =4x4 = 16liters (c) According to the question, Milk Water 2: 4 lait Qa Remember water is added not milk Make milk equal 2 1 ‘otal 3 units san 2 3 units (added) =325 =75 liters {c) According to the question AlloyA-> Suzi 3.2 =802 i is AlloyB > 5 a1 =16J Mixed AlloyA > 10 : 6 =16 AlloyB > 5 : 11 =16 15:17 {a) According to the question By Alligation| Gold Silver 2 4 [13] : (8) (b) According to the question Gold: Copper: Tin Total 2x20: 3x2 : 1x2 = 6x2 (Make Quantity 4 6 2 = 12 Equal) Copper: Tin lead Total 5 4 2 Weight of lead otig. 25. 26. 27. (a) According to the question, S.P. of mixed tea =Rs. 194,40 Profit = 20% =2 (1 > Profit, 5>C.P.) SP. = 6units 6 units = =324 S units - 5x324 =Rs, 162 By Alligation 192 150 (162-150) (192 - 162) =12 = 30 2 30 2 5 {d) According to the question When there is no profit no loss, here cP =SP Thus, Cost price of mixed sugar = Rs. 16/kg Apply Alligation wa -_ (16 - 15) (20-16) =a =4 > Ratio =1:4 (2) By Alligation Initial Mixture Water 10% 100%28. 29. 30. 40 [5 liters] (b) According to the question Wine Former 3x18 18 Latter 4x10 : 90 Final 1x45 1x45 =2 45 Wine Water 54 36 40 50 oa J, Ratio of former and latter = Sunits > 3 1 unit > 2 31. 9 units > According to the question Water initial mixture pure water 100% oe 5% (Water in final Mixture) 4 a2 50% : 10% 1 x 16 x16 80 16 (Liters) (Liters) (d) According to the question, Mixture = 60 liters iti. 3 units > 60 liters 1 units > 20 liters Ratio of 2> 3units Thus, Mik = #2ters Water — 201ters Milk Water 40 liters 20liters 40 + x 1 2 x40 80 Liters Thus, 20 +x =80 x =60 liters Water added = 60 liters (a) According to the question SP of amixture of Tea =Rs. 324 CP ofa mixture of Tea = 324% 102 Thus, Now using Alligation, Tea-1 Tea-2 320 250 / 270 =Rs, 270 (Ratio of Quantity ) (270-250)=20: (320-270) = 50 2 5 (c) According to the question, Container:- 1 u mow 5:32 Container (i: ~ Milk 8 24.67 Water = 3 Container (i: - Milk 2 Water 1 Container (ii): - Milk 3 water 2 Container (iv) Milk 7 _ sos Water 4 ~ Thus, The quantity of milk relative to water minimum in container Il =1533. 34, 35. 36. (b) According to the question, Mixture = 240 cc waters _ 3 Ratio of se 3> 4 units units > 240 1 unit > 60 Thus, later _ 2x60 Giyeerine = 3x60 Water Glycerine 60 180, a x60 2 3 4x60 120 Thus, 60+x =120 37. x =60cc Quantity of water added = 60 (a) According to the question, Acid Water Initial 142 = Bar =6 solution 1 unit » Same increase Final 1.3= 3 2aaG Solution Final Solution +6 =9 units ‘As we know that only acid is added so water is, same initially and finally. We know 5 liters acid is added so. 1 unit > 5 liters 9 liters > 5x9 =45 liters a3. Thus, Final mixtures = 45 liters Final mixtures = 45 liters {a) According to the question, Mixture = 25 liters Ratio of AA = 2\. 5 units S units > 25 liters 1 unit 5 liters Acid x3 _ 20 Acid Water Initial 20 5 + 3 FinalRatio 20:8 j : 2) (d) According to the question, 39. Water Milk Total Vessel-1 3x5=24 Aan Tas Vessel-2 547535 3x7 Bay Final Ratio: 59: 83 Note: - If two different solution are mixed then ensure that the quantity of both solution are same. {b) According to the question, Acid Water Vessel A 4: 3 Vessel 5: 3 Now using alligation, 35 Final aio: (7 (a) Acid Vessel A 3 Vessel B 5 3 Use Alligation sie R 24 Ratio of 1 2 {a) According to the question, Acid Water VesselA 5 2 VeseB 8 =: 5 Now using Alligation, A 840. 41. 42. 4 a I} Ratio of Quantity [7 t 2) (a) According to the question, Acid ‘Water Now using Alligation, ; : 4 2 a . “oN J- w-G-a Quantity (7: 5] 4s. (c) According to the question, Mixture = 1 0 liters Mixture- 2 = 36 liters In mixture-1 Ratio of pete = E> 10 units In Mixture 2 ratio of eee = 2 S12 units 10 units -> 20 liters Lunit > 2 liters Lunit > 3 liters Thus, In Mixture = 2. S22 Ratio of spirit and water Jara 739 27 229 46. Vessel B 4a: 3 Now, using alligation, wisp NO G Ratioof 10 : 14 quantity > [5:7] {a) According to the question, ‘Acid : Water Vessel A 5: 3 Vessel B 5 4 Now, using alligation, Ratioof 24 quantity > [2:3] (c) According to the question Water Syrup Total Initial + 8 = 8 same Final 1:5 + 1ys©5=10 Water added in final = 2 = According to the question, Milk Water Vessel A 4 3 Vessel B 2 : 3 Now using Alligation, A 8 5 14 10 Final Ratio [7 : 5] (c) According to the question, Initial quantity = 60 ke As we know that, Final quantity = tnitial Quanity (1 — Tmitial quatity Where ‘n’ number of times volume taken out Final quantity47. 48. 49. 50. =60(1-4)' =60x2x2 Final quantity of milk = 43.74 kg. (a) According to the question, Milk Water Vessel A 8 : 5 Vessel B 5 2 New mixture containing 69:2.% Milkie, = 2 => milk Thus, Now using Alligation, 51. R : 7] > Final Ratio 52. {d) According to the question, Gold Copper Total AD Taa=I8 2a 4 a) same B> a 18 Vv 5] (c) According to the question, AB Total 53. Initial > 7 =12 Finl> 7 0 9 =16 4 units > 9 liters Lunit 92 liters 12 units 2 12 = 27 liters Initially solution was =24+9 =36 liters Quantity of liquid ‘A’ initially 1x 36 = 21 liters @ 54, (b) According to the question, Milk Water Vessel A 3 : 2 Vessel B 7 3 Now using alligation, Vessel -1 3 5 Ratio of Quantity [1 : {d) According to the question, CP of the mixture =15x29+25%20 =Rs SP of the mixture = 2740 =Rs. 1080 Profit = SP - CP 935 = 1080-935 =Rs. 145 {d) According to the question, Water Acid Sample 1 2x4 = 80 Sample -2 3x24 = 72 -120 ‘Sample- 3 Ratio of Quantity (227 Required ratio = 133 : 227 {b) According to the question, Copper First ally > 1 Second Ally > 2 Mix Alloy= 3:8 Now using Alligation, Alloy — 1 1 N\ a 2 3) 1 G-a)-7 Ratio of Quantity [4 {d) According to the question, A w Initially > 4 3 5. 75: Bass 133] 2 J » Same Alloy - 2 7 Vessel -2 >) are #48 Suze Bass Tin 2units more55. 56. 57. Finally > 4 5 2units 5 liters Lunit > liters aunits 93x 4 = 10 liters Quantity of Alcohol = 10 liters (b) According to the question, Mixtures = 15 liters Ratio of SRC! = 2 > 5 units ‘Alcohol Water Initially 3 2 ——__3 Final > 3 15 *. Percentage of alcohol in new mixture =3x 100 = 165% (4) Capacities of Vessels = 3 :2:1 Milk Water Total Mixture vi> 5 2 = Ths v2> (4 1 S)er v3> 4 1 5) Equate the Mixture ilk Water vi> (25 10 = 35 V2> (28 7 = 35 V3 > (28 7 = 35 Capacities M: W =Total Mixture Vi> (75 30 = 105 V2> (56 14 70 V3 (28 7 = 35 Water taken out 35 of waterin (V -1)+2 of waterin (V2) +4 water in (V-3) > ixa04 twit pte7 3 10+7+1 =18 Similarly mixture will be 24105 +4x70+3x35 =75 3 2 7x8 = % ofwater =22 x 100 + 24% (a) According to the question By using Alligation method 15% 40% 30% \ 58. 59. 61. (40 - 30) = 10 Ratio 2:3 (2) According to the question CP of the mixture 309.5 +4085 = 2854340 =Rs. 625 S.P. of the mixture = 8.90 x 70 = Rs, 623 Loss = C.P ~S.P. Loss = 625 623 =Rs.2 {a) According to the question, S.P. of the mixture = 40P per kg 10 x P= 32 P per ke (30-15) =15 CP. of the mixture Now using Alligation. ZL 2 (32-24)=8 (42-32) =10 Ratio of Quantity 4: 5 5 units > 25 kg 1 unit > 5kg units 5x4 =20kg Salt at 42 P per kg was = 20 kg (b) Let the Price of Water = Rs. 0 According to the solution, CP of Pure Milk =Rs, 1.80 CP of the Mixture = Rs, 0.90 Now using Alligation method. Milk Water 1.80 / 0.90 JN (090-0) (18-09) =0.90 = 0.90 1 x16 1x16 16/liters (Given) Ratio of quantity [16 liters} {a) According to the questions By using Alligation method. Gold-1 Gold-262. 63. 64, 65. (16-15}=1 (15 -12)=3 1 3. Ratio of Quantity (c) According to the questions Sugar Solution = 300 ke, 40% Sugar==S x 300 = 120 kg Water Sugar 180 120 + x 1 x 180 180 Let the sugar added = x kg, s. 1204x= 180 kg x = 60kg, (d) 729 66. Milk Water 7 1-9 units = 729 567 162 1 unit=81 67. M w Initial 2-7 0: After Lunit adding Water 7 3 Always milk will be same i.e. 1 unit of water will be added = 1 unit -> 81 mili liter 68. (@ om woe mS 2 7)x5x3 4 1 5)x7x2 a. 4 Lo = S)x7x1 or, (75:30) x2 (56 :14)<3 (28 :7 xt 25 10 25 7 4 1 57 18 =75 9% of water in mixture Fx 100 = 24% (a) AlloyA Alloy 8 60 ke 100kg 3 2 1 4 36 kg 24kg 20g. 80 kg (Lead) (Tin) (Tin) (Copper) Total Tin 24420 =44kg {c) Let first blend is 2 kg and second blend is 3 kg. Total cost price = (35 x 2) + (40 x 3) =70 +120 > Rs, 190 Total selling price = (1x 46) +(4%55) = 266 [for kg = 4] otal Profit Profit percent Tere Prot x 100 = 40% Acid: Water Mixtyre e 3 = 5) x63 Glass2 (3: 4 = 7) xas Glass3 [4 5 = 9) «35 Glass 1 126 : 189 = 315 Glass 2 135: 180 = 315 Glass 3 140 175 315 (401) [544] (a) According to the question, SP of the mixture = Rs. 320 Gain = 20% Thus, CP. of the mixture = 320 x 22° 800 = Rs, SO Now, Using alligation method. Tea-1 Tea -2 180 Ne Ls69. 70. m1. 20040 00 260 2eo- = 2 A 1g0 = 8 Ratio of > 40 : 260 Quantity 2 B (c) According to the question, Mixture of copper and aluminium = 2000 gm 30% is copper means == x 2000 =600 gm copper 600 20% 1400+x 80% 1400 +x = 2400 x = 1000 gms nr. Alternate: - Copper ‘Aluminium 30 70 20 80 Copper: Aluminium 3 7 > 10 units = 2000 gms > Lunit = 200 gm 1:4 20 We have to equal Copper amount because only Aluminium is added. 2. Copper: Aluminium 3 7 > + Sunits 3 : L Lunit = 200 gm 5 unit= 200 x5 = 1000 gm 74. (b) cy Quantity 3:2 > 5 units According to question S.P. of Lunit=Rs. 11 SP of 5 unit =Rs. 55 CP of Lunitis = 10 ‘Then CP of 5 units = Rs. 50 Let Y's Cost ZRs. X's cost=2+2Rs. cP. Quantity x Cost (2+2) +22 2 +6 +22 8.80 Rs. Cost of X = 8.80 +2 -> 10.80 Rs. (a) Total milk = 60 liters Drawn off = 12 liters Final Quantity apacity 1 12 60, 3) Initial Quantity e jumber of process Final Quantity ( Ratio of milk and water in the resultant mixture = 16:9 x = Replaced Quantity Initial Quantity 2 (a) 1%. Vessel 4 2™ Vessel 4 “, \ 4 Kerosene =+ : Petrol = 1d: 8 =724 (d) According to the question. A 8 Initial 7 + Final 7 + Solution 4 units >9 runit> 2 16 units 2x 16 = 36 The capacity of the can = 36 liters {c) Sprit Milk Total Capacity Ratio 14 44 =5 2 Wow +4 45 3 io7 + 3 = 10 4 Sprit Milk Total 1 4-48 Laa=12 Sie We 11s6=66 4,224 15.9.0 UW Tur2"84 3.=36 10.304 Total Ratio = 198 : 72 ai: 4