T-Test

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 T-Test

A t-test is a type of inferential statistic used to

determine if there is a significant difference
between the means of two groups, which may be
related in certain features.
It is mostly used when the data sets, like the data
set recorded as the outcome from flipping a coin
100 times, would follow a normal distribution and
may have unknown variances.
 T-Test

A t-test is used as a hypothesis testing tool, which

allows testing of an assumption applicable to a
population.
A t-test looks at the t-statistic, the t-distribution
values, and the degrees of freedom to determine
the statistical significance.
To conduct a test with three or more means, one
must use an analysis of variance.
 Key takeways

A t-test is a type of inferential statistic used to

determine if there is a significant difference
between the means of two groups, which may be
related in certain features.
The t-test is one of many tests used for the
purpose of hypothesis testing in statistics.
Calculating a t-test requires three key data values.
They include the difference between the mean
values from each data set (called the mean
difference), the standard deviation of each group,
and the number of data values of each group.
There are several different types of t-test that can
be performed depending on the data and type of
analysis required.
Assumptions for Performing a t-test

The data should follow a continuous or ordinal

scale (the IQ test scores of students, for example)
The observations in the data should be randomly
selected
The data should resemble a bell-shaped curve
when we plot it, i.e., it should be normally
distributed. You can refer to this article to get a
better understanding of the normal distribution
Large sample size should be taken for the data to
approach a normal distribution (although t-test is
essential for small samples as their distributions
are non-normal)
Variances among the groups should be equal (for
independent two-sample t-test)
 Types of t-tests

One sample t-test

Independent two-sample t-test
Paired sample t-test
 One sample t-test

The one-sample t-test is a statistical hypothesis

test used to determine whether an unknown
population mean is different from a specific value.
Independent two-sample t-test

The two-sample t-test (also known as the

independent samples t-test) is a method used to
test whether the unknown population means of
two groups are equal or not.
 Paired sample t-test

The paired sample t-test, sometimes called the

dependent sample t-test, is a statistical procedure
used to determine whether the mean difference
between two sets of observations is zero. In a
paired sample t-test, each subject or entity is
measured twice, resulting in pairs of observations
 Topics for next Post

Chi-square Test
Non-Probability methods
Sentimental Analysis

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