INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME-3, ISSUE-7, JUL-2016 E-ISSN: 2349-761

Analysis, Design and Simulation of DC-DC Boost

Converter

Lovepreet Kaur Grewal1 and Navdeep Kaur Brar 2

1
M.tech, Department of Electrical Engineering, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib,
Punjab, India
1
lovepreet.grewal8@gmail.com
2
Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib,
Punjab, India
2
navdeep.kaur@bbsbec.ac.in

ABSTRACT
The objective of this paper is to analyze, design and simulate the Boost (step-up) switching converter. The converter performance
such as load voltage, currents in capacitor and inductor, ripples of voltages and currents, etc. are analyzed and derived under
continuous operations. The design of the converter is performed to step-up the input voltage 12 v to an output voltage of 24 v.
LTspice IV programs are used to simulate the Boost switching converter operation using a very high speed MOSFET as a switch
with 20 KHz switching frequency. The simulated results are compared with theoretical and the percentage error is found to be
very small.

Keywords— Boost converter, Spice simulations.

1. INTRODUCTION high frequency to convert a dc input voltage VIN into a dc

Dc-dc power converters are employed in a variety of output voltage VOUT, and (ii) a control unit, which is used to

applications, including power supplies for Personal computers, control the ON/OFF operation of the switching element of said

office equipment, spacecraft power systems, laptop computers, switching power supply unit.[5]

and telecommunications equipment, as well as dc motor LTspice IV is a high performance SPICE simulator, schematic

drives. The input to a dc-dc converter is an unregulated dc capture and waveform viewer with enhancements and models

voltage Vg. The converter produces a regulated output voltage for easing the simulation of switching regulators. Our

V, having a magnitude (and possibly polarity) that differs from enhancements to SPICE have made simulating switching

Vg. regulators extremely fast compared to normal SPICE

The dc-dc converter is a dc power supply that is small, simulators, allowing the user to view waveforms for most

lightweight & highly efficient, and uses a semiconductor switching regulators in just a few minutes. LTspice IV is

switching element. It can response quickly and suitable to freeware computer software implementing a SPICE simulator

changes in input voltage within the scope of normal operating of electronic circuits, produced by semiconductor

conditions to return to the normal operating state. It is manufacturer Linear Technology (LTC). LTspice IV provides

comprised of (i) switching power supply unit which, can turn a schematic capture and waveform viewer with enhancements

ON/OFF switching elements that can be turned ON/OFF at and models to speed the simulation of switching regulators.

VOLUME-3, ISSUE-7, JUL-2016 COPYRIGHT © 2016 IJREST, ALL RIGHT RESERVED 29

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME-3, ISSUE-7, JUL-2016
Supplied with LTspice IV are macro models for 80% of LTC's
switching regulators and operational amplifiers, transistors,
MOSFETs, and passive components.[1]
2. THEORY OF BOOST CONVERTER
The Boost converter is capable of providing as output voltage
that is greater than the input voltage. It is also known as a step-
up converter. A boost converter using a MOSFET transistor as
the switching transistor is shown in Fig-1.
Fig-1: Circuit diagram of Boost converter
The operation of the boost converter can be divided into two
modes:
Mode 1 (0 < t < ton)
Mode 1 begins when the switching mosfet, M1, is switched on
at a time t = 0 and it terminates at t = ton. The equivalent
circuit for mode 1 is shown in Fig-2. The diode D is reverse
biased since the voltage drop across the drain-source junction
of the switching transistor is smaller than the output voltage.
The output current during this interval is supplied entirely
from the output capacitor, C, which is choose large enough to
supply the load current during ton with a minimum specified
drop in output current.
The equations for boost converter are given as below:
diL / dt = VS / L ……………………………………………..(1)
dVO/ dt = ( IL – VO / R) / C ...………………………….........(2)
Fig-2: Operating states
Mode 2 (ton < t ≤ T)
Mode 2 begins when the switching transistor, M1, is switching
off at t = ton. The equivalent circuit for this mode is shown in
Fig-2. Since the current in the inductor cannot change
VOLUME-3, ISSUE-7, JUL-2016 COPYRIGHT © 2016 IJREST, ALL RIGHT RESERVED
E-ISSN: 2349-761
instantaneously, the voltage in the inductor reverses its
polarity in an attempt to maintain a constant current. The
current which was flowing through the switching transistor
will now flow through L, C, diode D and load. The inductor
current decreases until the switching transistor is turned on
again during the next cycle. The inductor delivers its stored
energy to the output capacitor, C, and charges it up via D to a
higher voltage than input voltage, V S. This energy supplies the
current and replenishes the charge drained away during the on
time.
Fig-3: Waveforms of converter
The equations for boost converter are given as below:
diL / dt = (VO – VS ) / L …………………………………….(3)
dVO/ dt = ( IL – VO / R) / C ……………………………........(4)
If the current flowing through the inductor falls to zero before
the next turn-on of the switching transistor, M1, the Boost
converter is said to be operating in the discontinuous mode. To
ensure that the Boost converter is operates in continues mode
the inductor L must be less than critical inductor, LC, which
given by:
LC = RD (1-D)2 / 2 fS ………………………………….......(5)
Where R= load resistance
D= duty cycle
fs= switching frequency
3. Design of boost switching converter
The design of the converter is performed to step-up the input
voltage of 12V to an output voltage of 24V. The following
parameters are required for the design of the Boost converter:
Input voltage (VS) = 12V,
Output voltage (VO) = 24V,
Switching frequency (fS) = 20 KHz,
Maximum load current (IOmax) = 2A,
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME-3, ISSUE-7, JUL-2016
Maximum inductor current (ILmax) = 4.25A,
Minimum inductor current (ILmin) = 0.5A,
Ripple in the output voltage (dVO) = 1.2V,
Ripple in the output current (dIO) = 0.03A,
Load resistance (R) = 20 ohm.
We get the value of parameters from equation (1) and (2) as:
L=80µH
C=42µF
LC=62.5µH
Also the converter operates in continuous conduction mode as
L ˂ LC
4. SIMULATION RESULTS
LTspice IV version 4.23i 2016 simulation programs are used
to simulate the considered Boost switching converter. Fig-4
shows the Spice models of the Boost switching converter.
Fig-4: Proposed model
Fig-5: Simulation waveforms of the output voltage, pulse
width modulation voltage and the input voltage
Fig-5 shows the simulation waveforms of the output voltage,
pulse width modulation voltage and the input voltage of the
simulated Boost converter. It can be noted that the simulated
waveforms are similar to each other and consistent with the
VOLUME-3, ISSUE-7, JUL-2016 COPYRIGHT © 2016 IJREST, ALL RIGHT RESERVED
E-ISSN: 2349-761
theoretical waveforms. The response of the output voltage is
under damped and reaches its steady – state voltage in about
1.4 ms. The simulated output ripple voltage is about 0.75 V.
The average output voltage is found to be 23.151V compared
with the theoretical of 24V.
Fig-6 shows the inductor voltage is a square wave while the
capacitor voltage is the same wave of the output waveform.
Fig-6: Simulated waveforms of the pulse width modulation
voltage, inductor voltage and capacitor voltage
Fig-7: Expand view of the inductor and capacitor currents
along with the switching pulses
Fig-7 shows expand view of the input inductor and output
capacitor currents along with the switching pulses. The input
inductor current is under damped with maximum value of
4.2A and minimum value of 0.6A with a ripple current of 3.6A
and therefore the percentage error with the theoretical results
are very small.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME-3, ISSUE-7, JUL-2016 E-ISSN: 2349-761

Fig-8 shows the waveforms of current passing through 3. CONCLUSIONS

inductor, capacitor, diode (Id), and output current (Io). It can
be noted that the output current reaches its steady state value
of 1.156A after 1.5ms and has a very small ripple of 0.036A.
In this paper, the analysis and simulations of 12v/24v Boost
switching converter is presented. The converter performance
such as load voltage, capacitor and inductor currents, voltages
and currents ripples, etc. are analyzed and derived theoretically
under continuous operation. The design of the converter is
performed to step-up the input voltage 12v to an output
voltage of 24v. LTspice IV programs are used to simulate the
switching converter using a very high speed MOSFET as a
switch with 20 KHZ switching frequency. The simulated
waveforms are consistent with the theoretical waveforms and
the percentage error between simulated and theoretical results
is found to be very small.

REFERENCES
[1] Linear Technology. LTSpice IV.
[2] http://www.linear.com/designtools/software/
[3] Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland, William P. Robbins,
―Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and
Design‖, 3rd Edition, Wiley.
Fig-8: Simulated waveforms of current passing through
[4] Rashid, M. H. (Ed), (2007): Power Electronics
inductor, capacitor, diode and output current
Handbook: Devices, Circuits, and Applications.
A comparison between the theoretical and simulation results is
Florida: Elsevier Inc.
shown in Table-1.
[5] Mohammed Abdulla Abdulsada, ―Analysis, Design
TABLE-1
and Simulation of 12v/24v Boost
Parameters Theoretical Simulation Switching Converter‖, International Journal of
Input Voltage 12V 12V
Engineering Sciences & Research Technology,
PWM Voltage 5V 5V
Volume 3, no. 6, June 2014, pp. 836-846.
Output Voltage 24V 23.13V
[6] Christophe P. Basso, ―Switch-Mode Power Supplies
Ripple in Output
Voltage
1.2V 1.09V Spice Simulations and Practical Designs‖, McGraw-
Hill companies, USA, 2008.
Ripple in Inductor
3.75A 3.702A [7] Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, ―Boost Converter
Current
(online), Available from
Maximum
4.25A 4.142A
Inductor Current http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boost converter‖.

Minimum [8] Shafinaz A. Lopa1, S. Hossain, M. K. Hasan and T.

0.5A 0.44A
Inductor Current K. Chakraborty, ―Design and Simulation of DC-DC
Output Current 1.2A 1.156A Converters‖, International Research Journal of
Ripple in Output Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume 3
0.03A 0.036A
Current
Issue 1, Jan-2016, pp. 63-70.
Table-1: Comparison between Theoretical and Simulation
results

VOLUME-3, ISSUE-7, JUL-2016 COPYRIGHT © 2016 IJREST, ALL RIGHT RESERVED 32