CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION SHORTEN TITLE

RIGHT OF A PERSON TO THE DUE

SECTION 1. No person shall be deprived of life liberty or property 1
PROCESS OF THE LAW.
without due process of law nor shall any person be denied the equal
RIGHT OF A PERSON TO THE EQUAL
protection of the laws. 2
PROTECTION OF THE LAW.
SECTION 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons
houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and
seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable
and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon FREEDOM FROM UNWARRANTED
3
probable cause to be determined personally by the judge after SEARCHES AND SEIZUERS
examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the
witnesses he may produce and particularly describing the place to
be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

SECTION 3. (1) The privacy of communication and correspondence

shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court or when RIGHT OF A PERSON TO THE PRIVACY
public safety or order requires otherwise as prescribed by law. 4 OF COMMUNICATION AND
(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding CORRESPONDENCE
section shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding.
5 FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
6 FREEDOM OF SPEECH
7 FREEDOM OF THE PRESS
SECTION 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech
RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE TO PEACABLY
of expression or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to 8
ASSEMBLE
assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.
RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE TO PETITION
9 THE GOVERNMENT FOR REDRESS OF
GRIEVANCES
SECTION 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of
religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise
and enjoyment of religious profession and worship without 10 FREEDOM OF RELIGION
discrimination or preference shall forever be allowed. No religious
test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights.

SECTION 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the 11 LIBERTY OF ABODE (WHERE TO LIVE)
limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful
order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired
except in the interest of national security public safety or public 12 RIGHT TO TRAVEL
health as may be provided by law.

SECTION 7. The right of the people to information on matters of

public concern shall be recognized. Access to official records and to
documents and papers pertaining to official acts transactions or RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE TO PUBLIC
13
decisions as well as to government research data used as basis for INFORMATION
policy development shall be afforded the citizen subject to such
limitations as may be provided by law.

SECTION 8. The right of the people including those employed in the

RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE TO FORM
public and private sectors to form unions associations or societies 14
UNIONS, ASSOCIATIONS OR SOCIETIES
for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.

PRIVATE PROPERTY CANNOT BE

SECTION 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without
15 TAKEN FOR PUBLIC USE WITHOUT
just compensation.
PAYMENT OF JUST COMPENSATION
LAWS SHALL NOT BE PASSED TO
SECTION 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be
16 ABRIDGE OBLIGATIONS OF
passed.
CONTRACTS

SECTION 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and FREE ACCESS TO COURTS AND QUASI-
17
adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by JUDICIAL BODIES
reason of poverty.
18 FREE ACCESS TO LEGAL ASSISTANCE
 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION SHORTEN TITLE
RIGHT OF AN ACCUSED PERSON TO BE
19 INFORMED OF HIS RIGHT TO REMAIN
SECTION 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the commission SILENT
of an offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to RIGHT TO AN ACCUSED PERSON TO
remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel 20 HAVE COMPETENT AND
preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services INDEPENDENT COUNSEL
of counsel he must be provided with one. These rights cannot be THE RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED
waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel. CANNOT BE WAIVED EXCEPT IN
21
WRITING AND IN THE PRESENCE OF
COUNSEL
RIGHT OF AN ACCUSED PERSON
FROM TORTURE, FORCE, VIOLENCE,
22 THREAT, INTIMIDATION OR OTHER
(2) No torture force violence threat intimidation or any other MEANS WHICH VITIATE HIS FREE
means which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. Secret WILL.
detention places solitary incommunicado or other similar forms of RIGHT OF AN ACCUSED PERSON NOT
detention are prohibited. TO BE PLACED IN SECRET DETENTION
23 PLACES, SOLITARY, INCOMMUNICADO
OR OTHER SIMILAR FORMS OF
DETENTION.
CONFESSION OR ADMISSION
OBTAINED IN VIOLATION TO THIS
(3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or
24 CONSTITUTION CANNOT BE
Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him.
ADMITTED IN EVIDENCE AGAINST THE
ACCUSED PERSON.
(4) The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of VICTIMS OF TORTURE OR SIMILAR
this section as well as compensation to and rehabilitation of victims 25 PRACTICES MUST BE COMPENSATED
of torture or similar practices and their families. AND REHABILITATED.

SECTION 13. All persons except those charged with offenses

punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong
shall before conviction be bailable by sufficient sureties or be
26 RIGHT TO BAIL
released on recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to
bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of
habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required.
SECTION 14. (1) No person shall be held to answer for a criminal RIGHT OF A PERSON TO CRIMINAL
27
offense without due process of law. DUE PROCESS OF THE LAW
AN ACCUSED PERSON IS PRESUMED
28 INNOCENT UNTIL THE CONTRARY IS
PROVED.
RIGHT OF AN ACCUSED PERSON TO BE
29
HEARD BY HIMSELF AND COUNSEL

(2) In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall be presumed RIGHT OF AN ACCUSED PERSON TO BE
innocent until the contrary is proved and shall enjoy the right to be 30 INFORM OF THE NATURE AND CAUSE
heard by himself and counsel to be informed of the nature and OF THE ACCUSATION AGAINST HIM.
cause of the accusation against him to have a speedy impartial and RIGHT OF AN ACCUSED PERSON TO A
public trial to meet the witnesses face to face and to have 31 SPEEDY, IMPARTIAL AND PUBLIC
compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the TRIAL.
production of evidence in his behalf. However after arraignment
trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused RIGHT OF AN ACCUSED PERSON TO
32
provided that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is MEET THE WITNESSES FACE TO FACE.
unjustifiable.

RIGHT OF AN ACCUSED PERSON TO

HAVE COMPULSORY PROCESSES TO
33 SECURE THE ATTENDANCE OF
WITNESSES AND THE PRODUCTION OF
EVIDENCES IN HIS BEHALF.
 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION SHORTEN TITLE
PRIVILEGE OF THE WRIT OF HABEAS
SECTION 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be
CORPUS CANNOT BE SUSPENDED
suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion when the public 34
EXCEPT ONLY IN CASES OF INVASION
safety requires it.
OR REBELLION
SECTION 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition
RIGHT OF A PERSON TO A SPEEDY
of their cases before all judicial quasi-judicial or administrative 35
DISPOSITION OF THEIR CASES.
bodies.
SECTION 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against
36 RIGHT AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION
himself.
RIGHT OF A PERSON NOT TO BE
SECTION 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely by reason of his
37 DETAINED BY REASON OF HIS
political beliefs and aspirations.
POLITICAL BELIEFS AND ASPIRATIONS
(2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a
RIGHT AGAINST INVOLUNTARY
punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly 38
SERVITUDE.
convicted.
SECTION 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed nor cruel
RIGHT OF A PERSON AGAINST THE
degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall death
IMPOSITION OF EXCESSIVE FINES,
penalty be imposed unless for compelling reasons involving heinous 39
AND CRUEL, DEGRADING OR
crimes the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty
INHUMAN PUNISHMENT.
already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion perpetua.

RIGHT OF A PRISONER OR DETAINEE

(2) The employment of physical psychological or degrading FROM PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL OR
punishment against any prisoner or detainee or the use of DEGRADING PUNISHMENT OR THE
40
substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman USE OF SUBSTANDARD OR
conditions shall be dealt with by law. INADEQUATE PENAL FACILITIES
UNDER SUBHUMAN CONDITIONS.
NON-IMPRISONMENT OF PERSON
SECTION 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment
41 FOR DEBT OR NON-PAYMENT OF A
of a poll tax.
POLL TAX.
SECTION 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment
for the same offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance RIGHT OF A PERSON AGAINST
42
conviction or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another DOUBLE JEOPARDY
prosecution for the same act.
RIGHT OF A PERSON AGAINST AN EX
43
POST FACTO LAW
SECTION 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted
RIGHT OF A PERSON AGAINST A BILL
44
OF ATTAINDER