-- ​Energy & Work​--

Work ​. Power ​. Conservation of Energy ​.

W = force x distance x cosθ (Joules) Power:​ rate at which work is done or energy Law of Conservation of Energy: ​total energy
W = Fd = µFd = mgh is transferred - Watts is always conserved, just changes form
*​Work is only present in the direction of W ork Fd mad Mechanical Energy:​ total energy, can be
P =​ T ime = t = t = Fv​ or
movement, when a force is being applied gained when work is performed
ㅿEnergy
Positive Work: ​force acts in direction of motion P = ㅿT ime (watts) Mech. Energy = Kinetic + Potential
Negative Work:​ force acts opposite of motion Conservation of Mechanical Energy: ​mech.
☆​ A ​car skidding on ice at a constant speed has Energy ​. energy is conserved when elastic force acts
no work done​ on it because there is no force Energy:​ the ability to do work (Joules) K​initial​ + U​initial​ = K​final​ + U​final
acting on the car, it’s moving as there is nothing Kinetic Energy: ​Energy there due to motion Dissipative Forces:​ forces that usually cause
to stop the car, it is using its’ inertia. K= 1
m v2 a system to lose energy (heat, friction,etc)
2
☆​ ​A ​chair being pushed across carpet​ at a K​initial​ + U​initial​ + W​nc​ = K​final​ + U​final
Potential Energy:​ energy possessed due to
constant speed​ ​has work being done in the
direction of movement, but there is no net work
relative position w/ other objects, forces W​nc ​= Δ K + Δ U; ​W​nc i​ s work due to
acting within the body, electrical charge, etc nonconservative/dissipative forces
as there is no net force or acceleration.
(energy that is given to get an object to a
☆​ ​A ​car accelerating down a highway has
certain position like lifting a ball to a shelf)
positive work​ being done as there is a force in
Gravitational Potential Energy:​ energy due
the direction of motion. (The​ work done by the
to a height above some position
friction of the road is negative​.)
☆​ ​If you are ​losing in an arm wrestling match,
U = mgh​ ​(stored energy)
there is negative work being done on your arm Work-Energy Theorem:​ net work done on a
by the opponent because you are trying to move system or body is equal to the change in
one way, but your arm is moving the other way. kinetic energy
☆​ If you are​ pulling on a suitcase​, you are W = ΔK
pulling at an angle, so ​only the horizontal Hooke’s Law: ​displacement due to force
component is doing work ​on the suitcase; the stretching or compressing a spring 4. 3 kg toy car changes speed from 2 m/s to
vertical component doesn’t do work because it’s F = -kx;​ k: spring constant 4 m/s in 7 seconds by some constant force.
not moving the suitcase upwards W = 12 k x2 ; ​(k = stiffness of spring) a. How much energy is gained?
Elastic Potential Energy: ​energy stored in W = Δ K = 12 m vf 2 - 12 m vi2
spring when stretched 2 2
Δ K = 12 (3) (4) - 12 (3) (2) = 18 J
U​elastic​ = 12 k x2 b. Magnitude of force?
W = Fd; F = W/d
2. A 30kg box is lifted 2m at constant speed t = 7, vi = 2, vf = 4, d =?
in 3 seconds. How much power was used? (vi + vf ) (2 + 4)
d =​ 2
t​ = 2
(7) = 21 m
mgd (30)(9.8)(2)
P= W ork
T ime
= Ftd = t = 3
= 196 W F = 18J / 21m = .857 N

3. A lumberjack starting from rest at the 5. A spring is stretched 42m by 69N force.
bottom of Mt. Everest, pulls a Christmas a. Spring Constant?
1. A truck w/ mass m goes up a mountain at
tree, of mass m w/ force F, making angle ​θ F = kx (ignore the negative)
constant speed v & friction coefficient is µ.
against height h, w/ a final velocity v. K = F/x = 69N / 42m = 1.64 N/m
a. Free Body b. Word done by What's the coefficient of friction? b. A 200,000 kg house is hung from the
Diagram? friction? K​initial​ + U​initial​ + W​nc​ = K​final​ + U​final spring (it’s a strong spring). What’s the
W = µF​f​d =
-µmgcos​θd W​nc​ = K​final​ + U​final elastic potential energy?
h
F sinθ - F h
​ f sinθ = mgh + 12 m v 2 U​elastic​ =
1
c. Power Output? k x2 ; ​need x
P = F​truck​v - μmgcosθh
h
F sinθ sinθ
= mgh + 12 m v 2 2
mg
F = kx = mg; x = k
h
Σ F = F​truck​ - F​f​ =0 μmgcotθh = ​F sinθ - mgh - 12 m v 2 (200,000)(9.8)
F​truck ​= F​f X= = 1.2 x 106 m
− 2mgh −mv 2 1.64
=​µm
​ gcosθ μ =​ 2F hcscθmghcotθ U​elastic​ = 12 (1.64) (1.2 x 106 )2 = 1.7 x 1012
P = ​µm ​ gcosθv