MCL345: Reciprocating IC Engines

Krishnakant Agrawal
Assistant Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department

Classroom Lecture 1
MCL345: Reciprocating IC Engines Course time

Uses and needs

Why ? of reciprocating 5%
IC engines

History, present
What ? and future 10%
technologies

How ? Design and

performance 85%

*Not in a strictly linear fashion

Target of the course:

• To generate curiosity and appreciation for
this common yet sophisticated technology
• To equip ourselves with basic knowledge and
tools for its engineering
Benefits of
Technology for
urban
transportation

Can you spot the use

of reciprocating IC
engines in each tile ?

Graphics courtesy:
abstrusegoose.com
 IC engines in rural applications

Jugaad: Essentials
source:creative.sulekha.com/juggad-the-
great-indian-phenomenon_603312_blog

Agriculture pump is converted into

the engine, gear box is obtained
from any discarded jeep and the
body made of the bullock cart.
Source: www.shutterstock.com
 Uses of Reciprocating IC engines

Power Utilities/
Transportation Industrial
generation

- Portable Gensets - Earthmoving

- Automotive equipment
- Fixed power for (Dumper, tippers)
- Locomotives apartments/ - Mining
- Light Aircraft building equipment
complexes (Excavators, Dozers,
- Marine Graders)
- Aircraft /
locomotive APUs -Agricultural
pumps
- Lawnmowers
Technology justified in many cases on basis of:
- Compact power solution, flexibility - Snow Blowers
- Efficiency in given power range - Power tools
- Cost effectiveness, reliability and durability
 Need to study IC engines today
Mumbai Marine Drive

Growth trajectory:
▪ Rapidly growing Indian rural – urban economy
1950s ▪ Increasing standard of living : increased needs
for power and convenience
▪ Huge population in the transition regime

Challenges for IC engine designers:

1) Decreasing carbon foot-print: Increased efficiency,
simpler designs for easy manufacturability and
total life-cycle management
2000s
2) Controlling combustion emissions: NOx, SOx, CO,
unburnt hydrocarbons, soot, particulate matter.
3) Wider fuel acceptance
4) Lower cost: Capital and maintenance
5) Integration with hybrids
source: alamy.com
So far…
The Reports Of My Death Have Been
Greatly Exaggerated – An Internal
Combustion Engine’s Story
January 26, 2014
energyclub.stanford.edu/

Electric cars: The death of the

internal combustion engine
Aug 12th, 2017
www.economist.com

Internal Combustion Engine

Far from Dead
May 22, 2017
http://www.wardsauto.com

Despite debates, some technical knowledge seems to be needed for few

more decades, that`s why this course
Group Activity: List some familiar terms related to IC engines
❑ Piston
❑h
 Performance parameters
Basic IC engine architecture • Rated Power
Spark plug for SI engine • Maximum torque
Fuel injector for CI engine

Valves
• Engine speed (rpm)
• Specific fuel consumption
Top Clearance • Power to weight ratio
Dead volume
Center Related parameters
(TDC)
Cylinder • Thermal efficiency
wall
Stroke
• Mechanical efficiency
Bottom
Pressure and • Volumetric efficiency
oil rings
Dead
Center
• Number of power strokes
Piston
(BDC)
Connecting • Mean effective pressure
rod
• Mean piston speed
Crank shaft
• Engine volume
• Compression ratio
• Bore to stoke ratio
• Fuel to Air ratio
• And more…
Basic engine outline Iterative learning process

𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑉𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 + 𝑉𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
𝑉𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 + 𝑉𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑
𝑟=
𝑉𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Basic IC engine architecture
4-stroke IC engine cycle

Intake

https://www.youtube.com/user/TheAkash15
 Course outline
1. Introduction: Need, architecture, history, standard cycles (4 lectures)
2. Classification, applications, design & operating parameters (4 lectures)
3. Thermochemistry of Fuel Air mixture, properties of working fluids (3 lectures)
4. Real engine cycle simulation, performance testing methods (5 lectures)
5. Engine gas exchange process, Charge motion, fuel metering (5 lectures)
6. Combustion in SI engines (4 lectures)
7. Combustion in CI engines (5 lectures)
8. Pollutant formation and control (3 lectures)
9. Heat transfer, Vehicle requirements, Engine lubrication (4 lectures)
10. Engine operating characteristics, performance and design (3 lectures)
11. Future trends (2 lectures)
 Course outline (contd.)
Books/References
1. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals – John B Heywood.
2. Internal Combustion Engines – V Ganesan.
3. Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine—Willard W. Pulkrabek

Evaluations
Minor 1 25
Major 35
Quizzes 15
Assignments 15
Term Paper 10

Audit criteria 30% marks

Attendance policy As per institute’s
Queries / discussion
Contact information
Krishnakant Agrawal
Room no III-359, Block -3
Email id : kkant@mech.iitd.ac.in
Contact: +91-9916030594, 011 2659 1145

Teaching Assistants:
1. Ritesh Chaurasiya, mez188597@mech.iitd.ac.in
2. Akash Yadav, mez178331@iitd.ac.in
3. Shashank Singh, met202625@mech.iitd.ac.in