SEC.

3 EXERCISES 7

EXAMPLE. Computations such as the following are now justified:

1 1 5+
5+i
i
(5 - i )(5 + i)
,(2 - 3i)(l +i) 5- i 5 +
i
5+i 5 i 5 I .
26 = 26 + 26 = 26 +
26l .

Finally, we note tha t the binomial for mula involving real numbers remains valid
with complex numbers. That is, if z 1 and z 2 are any two compJex nmnbers,

(9) (n == 1, 2, . . .)

where

(k = 0, 1, 2, . . . , n)
( ) - k !(n
k)!
and where it is agreed that O! = 1. The proof, by mathematical induction, is left as
an exercise.

EXERCISES
1. Reduce each of these quantities to a real nu
mber:

( ) I + 2i 2- i (b) Si (c) (l - i)4.

a 3 -4i + 5f (l - i)(2 - i)(3
- i)
Ans. (a) -2/5; (b) -1/2; (c) -4.
2. Show that
(a) (-J)z = I
(b - =z (z # 0).
-z; ) l/z
3. Use the associative and commutative laws for multiplication to show that

4. Prove that if z 1z2z 3 = 0, then at least one of the three factors is zero.
Suggestion: Write (z1z2)z3 = 0 and use a similar result (Sec. 3) involving two
factors.
5. Derive expression (2), Sec. 3, for the quotient zi/ z 2 by the n1ethod described just
after
it.
6. With the aid of relations (6) and (7) in Sec. 3, derive identity (8) there.
7. Use identity (8) in Sec. 3 to derive the cancellation law:
z1z z1
-= - (z2 f. 0, z 0).