‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﻏﺮﺽ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﺎء‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺪ‪7‬ﻣﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻹﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﳌﻬﻤ‪7‬ﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻗﺮﺍءﺓ ﺗﱪﺯ ﻏﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ‪ :‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬

‫ﺱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺃﻡ ﻋﻤﻞ؟‬

‫ﺝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ؛ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﲣﺒ‪7‬ﻂ ﻭﲢﻜﹼﻢ ﻻ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥﱠ "ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ؛ ﻓﺒﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘ‪o‬ﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ o‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ‪ ،‬ﳝﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍءً ﺗﻌﱠﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﹼﻖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ"‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻣﱴ ﺍﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﺍﻣﺘﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺻ‪7‬ﻠﻪ‬
‫ﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﺘﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﺑﺄﻧ‪7‬ﻪ "ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﺑﺎﻷﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗ‚ﻮﺟ‪7‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ƒ‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻈﺮﴽ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﴼ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻧﻈﺮﴽ ﻓﻜﺮﻳ‪7‬ﴼ؛ ﻭﳌﹼﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻈﺮﴽ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﴼ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‪7‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻟﺰﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻻﻻﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴ‪7‬ﺔ؛ ﻭ‪ƒ‬ﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻓﻠﻮ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﱂ ﻳ‪‚o‬ﻌﺪ ﻓ‪Š‬ﻘﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ 7‬ﻣﻘﺘﻀﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‪ 7‬ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴ‪7‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ "ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ"؛ ﺍﳌﻜﻤ‪7‬ﻞ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻃﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪" -1‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻈﺮﴽ ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴ‪7‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴ‪7‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﻫﻲ ﻋ‪o‬ﹾﻘﻞ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ" ﺃﻭ "ﻋﻘﻼﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﰲ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ"‪."...‬‬
‫"ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻈﺮﴽ ﺃﲰﺎﺋﻴﴼ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻧﻈﺮﴽ ﰲ ﺍﻷﲰﺎء ﺍﳊﺴﲎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺪﺓ‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﲰﺎء"‪.‬‬