AUSTRALIAN GLASS AND WINDOW ASSOCIATION GUIDE SERIES

A GUIDE TO WINDOWS
& DOORS IN BUSHFIRE
PRONE AREAS

VERSION 6.1
 FOREWORD
As part of its commitment to raising the built performance
standard of windows and doors in Australia, the Australian Glass
and Window Association (AGWA) is pleased to provide this
Industry Guide on the requirements for windows and doors in
bushfire prone areas.
In 2018, Australian Standard (AS) 3959 was updated and
republished as AS 3959:2018 Construction of Buildings in
Bushfire Prone Areas. The new Standard is primarily concerned
with improving the ability of buildings in designated bushfire
prone areas to better withstand attack from bushfire thus giving
a measure of protection to the building occupants and the
building itself until the fire front passes. Research is ongoing
with regards to the effects of bushfires on buildings, the
determination of bushfire prone areas within Australian states
territories, and construction techniques designed to maximise
the performance of buildings when subjected to bushfire attack.
The outcomes of this research will be reflected in subsequent
editions of AS 3959.
This guide outlines the different construction requirements
for windows and doors at each Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) as
specified by the standard.
Australian Glass and Window Association (AGWA)
With over 1000 member companies, the AGWA is the peak
association representing window and glazing manufacturers
and their suppliers. It is a co-operative: all members have
one vote irrespective of size and financial contribution. The
Association Business Plan is monitored and reviewed by an
elected Board representing all states and territories of Australia.
The AGWA provides a National technical voice through
representation on Australian and International Standard
2 Australian Glass and Window Association
CONTENTS
Committees; the Building Code Committee; Residential and
Commercial Building Regulation Committees; and Committees
for Mandatory Energy Requirements. It keeps the window
industry informed via it’s magazines, website, meetings,
conferences and industry exhibitions and promotes the industry
through media outlets, trade exhibitions and presentations at
industry conferences.
The AGWA manages NATA accreditation and compliance
programs for manufacturers, provides comprehensive
proprietary training and technical support documents through
its training division the Australian Fenestration Training Institute
(AFTI), handles dispute resolution with consumers and manages
the Window Energy Rating Scheme (WERS) that provides the
industry with energy ratings for their fenestration systems.
The AGWA continues to work relentlessly on all industry issues,
representing the industry in as many forums and on as many
work groups and committees as they practically can.
Disclaimer
This guide has been developed to provide general guidance,
Awareness and education to AGWA members, stakeholder
groups and consumers. It should not be viewed as a definitive
guide. While every effort has been made to ensure the
information is accurate, the AGWA expressly disclaims all and
any liability to any person for anything done in reliance on this
publication. No responsibility is accepted by the AGWA for any
mistakes, errors or omissions in this publication.
This guide is not a replacement for AS 3959:2018. For more
information refer to AS 3959:2018 Construction of Buildings in
Bushfire Prone Areas.
V6.1 V6.1
FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
AS 3959:2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Bushfire Attack Levels 4
Compliance Pathways 4
Screens For Windows and Doors 5
Glazing 5
A Note on BAL-Low 5
REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
BAL-12.5 6
BAL-19 10
BAL-29 12
BAL-40 15
BAL-FZ 18
QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Windows 20
Hinged Doors 22
Sliding Doors 24
ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Decking within horizontal and vertical limits of glazed elements 26
External Walls, glazing or door frames within limits above ground,
decks or carport roofs 27
AGWA GUIDE SERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
A Guide to Windows and Doors in Bushfire Prone Areas 3
 AS 3959:2018 AS 3959:2018

AS 3959:2018 - Construction of Buildings in Bushfire Prone
Areas is primarily concerned with improving the ability
of buildings in designated bushfire prone areas to better
withstand attack from bushfire, giving a measure of protection
to the building occupants as well as to the building itself.
Under the standard, all new homes and renovations are
assessed and rated to one of six Bushfire Attack Level (BAL)
categories ranging from low to flame zone. The BALs are based
on heat flux exposure thresholds that measure the amount of
energy per square metre of radiant heat exposure. Once the
BAL has been determined, specific construction requirements
must be followed, ranging from ember protection to direct
flame protection.
NOTE: Compliance with both AS 2047 and AS 1288 is
required.
BUSHFIRE ATTACK LEVELS
AS 3959 provides a methodology for categorising building sites
into one of six levels of severity expressed as Bushfire Attack
Levels (BAL). The description of levels of exposure for each BAL
is outlined in Table 1.
COMPLIANCE PATHWAYS
AS 3959:2018 Clause 3.8 (General Construction) provides that
window and door systems that achieve a level of performance
for any given BAL when tested in accordance with AS 1530.8.1,
for BAL–12.5 to BAL–40 or AS 1530.8.2 for BAL–FZ, then satisfy
the requirements of that BAL.
The Deemed-To-Satisfy (DTS) requirements of Sections 4 to 9
only apply where a system has not been tested.
SCREENS FOR WINDOWS AND DOORS GLAZING
Various provisions within AS 3959 require screening of windows Various glass types and thicknesses are prescribed within
and doors. These requirements can be broadly divided into two AS 3959 for the various BALs. In each case, where double
categories: radiant heat protection – to reduce the radiant heat glazing is used, the requirements apply to the outer pane only.
load on glazing, or ember protection – to protect openings
from burning embers and debris entering.
A NOTE ON BAL-LOW
The provisions for radiant heat protection are primarily
BAL-Low is described as having insufficient risk to warrant
associated with low-level glazing, which is glazing within
specific construction requirements. Standard window and door
400 mm of the ground, or other horizontal (or near horizontal)
products may be used at this level.
surface. At these locations, where small leaf litter and other
flammable debris may accumulate, the window or door system
is particularly vulnerable to flame contact and higher radiant
heat loads. The purpose of the screening in this instance is to
form a barrier to offset direct contact of flames and to attenuate
the subsequent radiant heat. Screening used for this purpose
must be installed externally, using materials appropriate for the
relevant BAL.

Screening is also prescribed by AS 3959 to protect the

Table 1 Bushfire Attack Levels building from burning embers, which may travel several
kilometres ahead of the fire front and attack buildings before
the occupants are fully prepared. Windows, which may
Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) Description of Predicted Bushfire Attack and Levels of Exposure inadvertently be left open while the property is being prepared,
are particularly vulnerable during ember attack. For this reason,
BAL-Low There is insufficient risk to warrant specific construction requirements. it is necessary that all window openings be screened, either
internally or externally, using materials appropriate for the
BAL-12.5 Ember attack.
relevant BAL. These provisions do not apply to doors.
Increasing levels of ember attack and burning debris ignited by windborne embers together with
BAL-19 NOTE: Where a system satisfies the test criteria without
increasing heat flux between 12.5 and 19 kWm2.
screening for ember protection, the requirements of
Increasing levels of ember attack and burning debris ignited by windborne embers together with the Standard for screening of the openable parts of
BAL-29 windows still applies.
increasing heat flux between 19 and 29 kWm2.

Increasing levels of ember attack and burning debris ignited by windborne embers together with NOTE: Insect screens that are fitted internally, and are
BAL-40 completely protected by the closed door, are not
increasing heat flux and the increased likelihood of exposure to flames.
required to meet these provisions.
BAL-FZ Direct exposure to flames from fire front in addition to heat flux and ember attack.

4 Australian Glass and Window Association V6.1 V6.1 A Guide to Windows and Doors in Bushfire Prone Areas 5
 WINDOWS
BAL-12.5 WINDOWS
Option 1: Protected by a Bushfire Shutter
Standard windows can be used provided they are completely
protected by bushfire shutters compliant with Clause 3.7 and
5.5.1 of AS 3959.
Option 2: Tested System
Window system tested to BAL-12.5 or higher in accordance
with AS 1530.8.1. All openable portions of windows must be
screened internally or externally with screens that meet the
following:
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm
manufactured from either:
· Corrosion resistant steel
· Bronze
· Aluminium
• Supporting frame manufactured from either:
· Metal (includes aluminium) or
· Bushfire resistant timber or
· A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³.
Option 3: Protected by a Screen
Standard windows can be used provided they are completely
protected by external screens that meet the following:
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm
manufactured from either:
· Corrosion resistant steel or
· Bronze or
· Aluminium
• Supporting frame manufactured from either:
· Metal (includes aluminium).
· Bushfire resistant timber.
· A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³.
6 Australian Glass and Window Association
BAL-12.5 HINGED DOORS BAL-12.5
Option 4: DTS requirements BAL-12.5 HINGED DOORS Option 4: DTS requirements
Windows must meet the following: Option 1: Bushfire Shutters Hinged doors must meet the following:
• Frames • Frames
Standard hinged doors can be used provided they are
If windows are within 400 mm of the ground or other Door frames must be manufactured from either:
completely protected by bushfire shutters compliant with
structures within 18 degrees of the horizontal (refer · Metal (includes aluminium) or
Clause 3.7 and 5.5.1 of AS 3959.
to illustrations on page 26) window frames must be
· Bushfire resistant timber or
manufactured from either:
Option 2: Tested System · A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³ or
· Metal (includes aluminium).
Hinged door system tested to BAL-12.5 or higher in accordance · Metal reinforced uPVC.
· Bushfire resistant timber.
with AS 1530.8.1. The openable portions of hinged doors are • Panels
· A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³.
not required to be screened, however if fitted externally screens Doors panels must be manufactured from either:
· Metal reinforced uPVC. must meet the following: · Non-combustible materials.
• Glazing
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm · Minimum 35 mm thickness solid timber, laminated
All glass within 400 mm of ground or other structures within
manufactured from either: timber or reconstituted timber for the first 400 mm above
18 degrees of the horizontal must be glazed in Grade
· Corrosion resistant steel or threshold.
A safety glass with a minimum 4 mm thickness. (refer to
illustrations on page 26). Ordinary annealed glass may be · Bronze or · Hollow core, solid timber, laminated timber or
used elsewhere. reconstituted timber with a non-combustible kick-plate on
· Aluminium
the outside for the first 400 mm above the threshold.
• Screens • Supporting frame manufactured from either:
All openable portions of windows must be protected by · Fully framed glazed door panel with a frame
internal or external screens that meet the following: · Metal (includes aluminium) or manufactured from either:
· Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of · Bushfire resistant timber or -- Metal (includes aluminium) or
2 mm manufactured from either: · A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³ (refer -- Bushfire resistant timber or
-- Corrosion resistant steel or to Table E2 in the standard).
-- A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³ or
-- Bronze or Option 3: Protected by a Screen -- Metal reinforced uPVC.
-- Aluminium · Hinged doors shall be tight fitting in the frame.
Standard hinged doors can be used provided they are
· Supporting frame manufactured from either: completely protected by external metal mesh screens that • Glazing
-- Metal (includes aluminium) or All glass must be glazed in Grade A safety glass minimum
meet the following:
4 mm thick.
-- Bushfire resistant timber • Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm
• Seals
-- A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³. manufactured from either:
Weather-strips, draught excluders or draught seals must be
· Corrosion resistant steel or fitted.
· Bronze or • Screens
· Aluminium
The openable portions of hinged doors are not required to be
• Supporting frame manufactured from either: screened, however if fitted externally screens must meet the
· Metal (includes aluminium) or following:
· Bushfire resistant timber or · Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of
· A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³. 2 mm manufactured from either:
-- Corrosion resistant steel or
-- Bronze or
-- Aluminium
· Supporting frame manufactured from either:
-- Metal (including aluminium) or
-- Bushfire resistant timber or
-- A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³.
V6.1 V6.1 A Guide to Windows and Doors in Bushfire Prone Areas 7
 SLIDING DOORS BAL-12.5 WINDOWS BAL-19

BAL-12.5 SLIDING DOORS Option 4: DTS requirements BAL-19 WINDOWS Option 4: DTS requirements

Option 1: Bushfire Shutters Sliding doors must meet the following: Option 1: Bushfire Shutters Windows must meet the following:
• Frames • Frames
Standard sliding doors can be used provided they are Standard windows can be used provided they are completely
Door frames must be manufactured from either: If windows are within 400 mm of ground or other structures
completely protected by bushfire shutters compliant with protected by bushfire shutters compliant with Clause 3.7 and
· Metal (includes aluminium) or within 18 degrees of horizontal (refer to illustrations on page
Clause 3.7 and 5.5.1 of AS 3959. 6.5.1 of AS 3959.
26) window frames must be manufactured from either:
· Bushfire resistant timber or
Option 2: Tested System Option 2: Tested System · Metal (including aluminium) or
· A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³ or
· Bushfire resistant timber or
Sliding Door system tested to BAL-12.5 or higher in accordance · Metal reinforced uPVC. Window system tested to BAL-19 or higher in accordance
· A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³ or
with AS 1530.8.1. The openable portions of sliding doors are with AS 1530.8.1. All openable portions of windows must be
Sliding door panels shall be tight fitting in the frame. · Metal reinforced uPVC.
not required to be screened, however if fitted externally screens screened internally or externally with metal screens that meet
must meet the following: • Glazing the following: • Glazing
All glass must be Grade A safety glass minimum 4 mm thick. All glass within 400 mm of ground or other structures within
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm • Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm
manufactured from either: • Screens manufactured from either: 18 degrees of the horizontal (refer to illustrations on page 26)
• The openable portions of sliding doors are not required to must be glazed in toughened safety glass minimum 5 mm.
· Corrosion resistant steel or · Corrosion resistant steel or
be screened, however if fitted externally screens must meet Ordinary annealed glass may be used elsewhere.
· Bronze or · Bronze or
the following:
· Aluminium · Aluminium NOTE: Where annealed glass is used, it must be screened
· Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of externally.
• Supporting frame manufactured from either: 2 mm manufactured from either: • Supporting frame manufactured from either:
· Metal (including aluminium) or · Metal (including aluminium) or • Screens
-- Corrosion resistant steel or
· Bushfire resistant timber or · Bushfire resistant timber or All openable portions of windows must be protected by
-- Bronze or
internal or external screens that meet the following:
· A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³. -- Aluminium · A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³.
· Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of
Option 3: Protected by a Screen · Supporting frame manufactured from either: Option 3: Screens 2 mm manufactured from either:
-- Metal (including aluminium)
Standard sliding doors can be used provided they are Standard windows can be used provided they are completely -- Corrosion resistant steel or
-- Bushfire resistant timber
completely protected by external metal mesh screens that meet protected by external screens that meet the following: -- Bronze or
the following: -- A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³.
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm -- Aluminium
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm NOTE: Insect screens that are fitted internally, and are manufactured from either: · Supporting frame manufactured from either:
manufactured from either: completely protected by the closed door, are not
· Corrosion resistant steel or -- Metal (including aluminium) or
required to meet these above provisions.
· Corrosion resistant steel or · Bronze or -- Bushfire resistant timber or
· Bronze or · Aluminium -- A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³ .
· Aluminium • Supporting frame manufactured from either:
• Supporting frame manufactured from either: · Metal (including aluminium) or
· Metal (includes aluminium) or · Bushfire resistant timber or
· Bushfire resistant timber or · A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³.
· A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³.

8 Australian Glass and Window Association V6.1 V6.1 A Guide to Windows and Doors in Bushfire Prone Areas 9
 HINGED DOORS BAL-19 SLIDING DOORS BAL-19

BAL-19 HINGED DOORS Option 4: DTS requirements BAL-19 SLIDING DOORS Option 4: DTS Requirements

Option 1: Bushfire Shutters Hinged doors must meet the following: Option 1: Bushfire Shutters Sliding doors must meet the following:
• Frames • Frames
Standard hinged doors can be used provided they are Standard sliding doors can be used provided they are
Door frames must be manufactured from either: Door frames, including fully glazed door panels must be
completely protected by bushfire shutters compliant with completely protected by bushfire shutters compliant with
Clause 3.7 and 6.5.1 of AS 3959. · Metal (including aluminium) or Clause 3.7 and 6.5.1 of AS 3959. manufactured from either:
· Bushfire resistant timber or · Metal (including aluminium) or
Option 2: Tested System · A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³ or Option 2: Tested System
· Bushfire resistant timber or
Hinged door system tested to BAL-19 or higher in accordance · Metal reinforced uPVC. Sliding door system tested to BAL-19 or higher in accordance · A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³ (refer
with AS 1530.8.1. The openable portions of hinged doors are • Panels with AS 1530.8.1. The openable portions of sliding doors are to Table E2 in the standard).
not required to be screened, however if fitted externally screens Door panels must be manufactured from either: not required to be screened, however if fitted externally screens · Metal reinforced uPVC.
must meet the following: must meet the following:
· Non-combustible materials or Sliding doors must be tight fitting in the frame.
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm • Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm
· Minimum 35 mm thickness solid timber, laminated • Glazing
manufactured from either: manufactured from either:
timber or reconstituted timber for the first 400 mm above All glass must be toughened safety glass minimum 5 mm.
· Corrosion resistant steel or threshold or · Corrosion resistant steel or
· Bronze or · Bronze or • Screens
· Hollow core, solid timber, laminated timber or
· Aluminium reconstituted timber with a non-combustible kick-plate on · Aluminium The openable portions of sliding doors are not required to
the outside for the first 400 mm above the threshold or be screened, however if fitted externally screens must meet
• Supporting frame manufactured from either: • Supporting frame manufactured from either:
the following:
· Metal (including aluminium) or · Fully framed glazed door panel with a frame · Metal (including aluminium) or
manufactured from either: · Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of
· Bushfire resistant timber or · Bushfire resistant timber or
-- Metal (including aluminium) or 2 mm manufactured from either:
· A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³. · A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³.
-- Bushfire resistant timber or -- Corrosion resistant steel or
Option 3: Protected by a Screen -- A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³ or Option 3: Protected by a Screen -- Bronze or
-- Metal reinforced uPVC. -- Aluminium
Standard hinged doors can be used provided they are Standard sliding doors can be used provided they are
completely protected by external metal screens that meet the · Hinged doors shall be tight fitting in the frame. completely protected by external metal mesh screens that meet · Supporting frame manufactured from either:
following: • Glazing the following: -- Metal (including aluminium) or
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm All glass must be toughened safety glass minimum 5 mm. • Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm -- Bushfire resistant timber or
manufactured from either: manufactured from either: -- A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³.
• Seals
· Corrosion resistant steel or · Corrosion resistant steel or
Weather-strips, draught excluders or draught seals must be
· Bronze or fitted. · Bronze or
· Aluminium · Aluminium
• Screens
• Supporting frame manufactured from either: • Supporting frame manufactured from either:
The openable portions of hinged doors are not required to
· Metal (including aluminium) or be screened, however if fitted externally screens must meet · Metal (including aluminium) or
· Bushfire resistant timber or the following: · Bushfire resistant timber or
· A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³. · Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of · A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³.
2 mm manufactured from either:
-- Corrosion resistant steel or
-- Bronze or
-- Aluminium
· Supporting frame manufactured from either:
-- Metal (including aluminium) or
-- Bushfire resistant timber or
-- A timber species with a density of at least 650 kg/m³.

10 Australian Glass and Window Association V6.0 V6.1 A Guide to Windows and Doors in Bushfire Prone Areas 11
 WINDOWS BAL-29 HINGED DOORS BAL-29

BAL-29 WINDOWS • Screens BAL-29 HINGED DOORS Option 4: DTS Requirements

All glass within 400 mm of ground or other structures within
Option 1: Bushfire Shutters Option 1: Bushfire Shutters Hinged doors must meet the following:
18 degrees of the horizontal (refer to illustrations on page
26) must be protected by external screens that meet the • Frames
Standard windows can be used provided they are completely Standard hinged doors can be used provided they are
following: Door frames and fully framed glazed door panels must be
protected by bushfire shutters compliant with Clause 3.7 and completely protected by bushfire shutters compliant with
7.5.1 of AS 3959. · Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of Clause 3.7 and 7.5.1 of AS 3959 or tested to BAL-29 or higher in manufactured from:
2 mm manufactured from either: accordance with AS 1530.8.1. · Metal (including aluminium) or
Option 2: Tested System -- Corrosion resistant steel or · Bushfire resistant timber or
Option 2: Tested System
Window system tested to BAL-29 or higher in accordance -- Bronze or · Metal reinforced uPVC.
with AS 1530.8.1. All openable portions of windows must be -- Aluminium Hinged door system tested to BAL-29 or higher in accordance • Panels
screened internally or externally with metal screens that meet · Supporting frame manufactured from either: with AS 1530.8.1. The openable portions of hinged doors are
Doors shall be manufactured of either:
the following: not required to be screened, however if fitted externally screens
-- Metal (including aluminium) or
must meet the following: · Non-combustible materials or
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm -- Bushfire resistant timber.
manufactured from either: • Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm · Minimum 35 mm thickness solid timber, laminated
All openable portions of windows must be protected by timber or reconstituted timber for the first 400 mm above
· Corrosion resistant steel or manufactured from either:
internal or external screens manufactured from: threshold.
· Bronze or · Corrosion resistant steel or
· Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of Fully framed glazed door panel with a frame manufactured
· Aluminium · Bronze or
2 mm manufactured from either: from either:
• Supporting frame manufactured from either: · Aluminium
-- Corrosion resistant steel or · Metal (including aluminium) or
· Metal (including aluminium) or • Supporting frame manufactured from either:
-- Bronze or · Bushfire resistant timber or
· Bushfire resistant timber or · Metal (including aluminium) or
-- Aluminium · Metal reinforced uPVC.
• Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings. · Bushfire resistant timber or
· A supporting frame manufactured from either: Hinged doors shall be tight fitting in the frame.
• Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings.
Option 3: DTS Requirements -- Metal (including aluminium) or
• Hardware
-- Bushfire resistant timber. Option 3: Protected by a Screen
Windows must meet the following: Externally fitted hardware that supports the door panel in its
Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings. function of opening and closing must be manufactured from
Standard hinged doors can be used provided they are
• Frames metal.
completely protected by external metal screens that meet the
Window frames must be manufactured from either: following: • Glazing
· Metal (including aluminium) or • Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm All glass must be toughened safety glass minimum 6 mm.
· Bushfire resistant timber or manufactured from either:
• Seals
· Metal reinforcing uPVC. · Corrosion resistant steel or
Weather strips, draught excluders or draught seals must be
• Hardware · Bronze or fitted.
Externally fitted hardware that supports the sash in its · Aluminium
• Screens
function of opening and closing must be manufactured from • Supporting frame manufactured from either:
metal, unless shielded by metal frame components. The openable portions of hinged doors are not required to
· Metal (including aluminium) or be screened, however if fitted externally screens must meet
• Glazing · Bushfire resistant timber. the following:
All glass must be toughened safety glass minimum 5 mm. • Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings. · Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of
2 mm manufactured from either:
-- Corrosion resistant steel or
-- Bronze or
-- Aluminium.
· Supporting frame manufactured from either:
-- Metal (including aluminium) or
-- Bushfire resistant timber
· Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings.

12 Australian Glass and Window Association V6.1 V6.1 A Guide to Windows and Doors in Bushfire Prone Areas 13
 SLIDING DOORS BAL-29 WINDOWS BAL-40

BAL-29 SLIDING DOORS Option 4: DTS Requirements BAL-40 WINDOWS Option 3: DTS Requirements

Option 1: Bushfire Shutters Sliding doors must meet the following: Option 1: Bushfire Shutters Windows must meet the following:
• Frames • Frames
Standard sliding doors can be used provided they are Standard windows can be used provided they are completely
Door frames, including fully glazed door panels must be Window frames shall be manufactured from metal (including
completely protected by bushfire shutters compliant with protected by bushfire shutters compliant with Clause 3.7 and
manufactured from either: aluminium).
Clause 3.7 and 7.5.1 of AS 3959 or tested to BAL-29 or higher in 8.5.1 of AS 3959 or tested to BAL-40 or higher in accordance
accordance with AS 1530.8.1. · Metal (including aluminium) or with AS 1530.8.1. • Hardware
· Bushfire resistant timber or
Externally fitted hardware that supports the sash in its
Option 2: Tested System · Metal reinforced uPVC. Option 2: Tested System
function of opening and closing must be manufactured from
Sliding door system tested to BAL-29 or higher in accordance Sliding doors shall be tight fitting in the frame. Window system tested to BAL-40 or higher in accordance metal.
with AS 1530.8.1. The openable portions of sliding doors are • Hardware with AS 1530.8.1. All openable portions of windows must be • Glazing
not required to be screened, however if fitted externally screens screened internally or externally with metal screens that meet
Externally fitted hardware that supports the sash in its All glass must be toughened safety glass minimum 6 mm.
must meet the following: the following:
function of opening and closing must be manufactured from
• Seals
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm metal. • Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm
manufactured from either: manufactured from either: Seals applied to stiles, head and sills or thresholds shall
• Glazing be manufactured from silicone or a material having a
· Corrosion resistant steel or · Corrosion resistant steel or
All glass must be toughened safety glass minimum 6 mm. flammability index no greater than 5.
· Bronze or · Bronze
• Screens • Screens
· Aluminium • Supporting frame manufactured from metal (including
The openable portions of sliding doors are not required to aluminium). Both the fixed and openable portions of windows must be
• Supporting frame manufactured from either:
be screened, however if fitted externally screens must meet protected by external screens that meet the following:
· Metal (including aluminium) or • Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings.
the following:
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm
· Bushfire resistant timber or
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm manufactured from either:
• Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings. manufactured from either: · Corrosion resistant steel or
Option 3: Protected by a Screen · Corrosion resistant steel or · Bronze or
· Bronze or • Supporting frame manufactured from metal (including
Standard sliding doors can be used provided they are
· Aluminium aluminium).
completely protected by external metal mesh screens that
meet the following: • Supporting frame manufactured from either: • Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings.
· Metal (including aluminium) or
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm
manufactured from either: · Bushfire resistant timber.
· Corrosion resistant steel or • Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings
· Bronze or
· Aluminium
• Supporting frame manufactured from either:
· Metal (including aluminium) or
· Bushfire resistant timber or
• Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings.

14 Australian Glass and Window Association V6.1 V6.1 A Guide to Windows and Doors in Bushfire Prone Areas 15
 HINGED DOORS BAL-40 SLIDING DOORS BAL-40

BAL-40 HINGED DOORS • Hardware BAL-40 SLIDING DOORS • Screens

Option 1: Bushfire Shutters
Standard hinged doors can be used provided they are
completely protected by bushfire shutters compliant with
Clause 3.7 and 8.5.1 of AS 3959 or tested to BAL-40 or higher in
accordance with AS 1530.8.1.
Option 2: Tested System
Hinged door system tested to BAL-40 or higher in accordance
with AS 1530.8.1. The openable portions of hinged doors are
not required to be screened, however if fitted externally screens
must meet the following:
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm
manufactured from either:
· Corrosion resistant steel or
· Bronze
• Supporting frame manufactured from metal (including
aluminium).
• Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings.
Option 3: DTS Requirements
Hinged doors must meet the following:
• Frames
Door frames must be manufactured from metal (including
aluminium)
• Panels
Door panels manufactured from:
· Non-combustible materials: or
· Minimum 35 mm thickness solid timber, laminated
timber or reconstituted timber for the first 400 mm above
threshold and protected externally by a screen that must
meet the following:
-- Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of
2 mm manufactured from either:
›› Corrosion resistant steel or
›› Bronze
-- Supporting frame manufactured from metal (including
aluminium).
-- Screen assemblies must be attached using metal
fixings.
· Fully framed glazed door panel with a frame
manufactured from metal (including aluminium)
Hinged doors shall be tight fitting in the frame.
Externally fitted hardware that supports the door panel in its Glazing in both the fixed and openable portions of sliding
function of opening and closing must be manufactured from Option 1: Bushfire Shutters doors must be protected by external screens that meet the
metal. following:
Standard sliding doors can be used provided they are
• Glazing completely protected by bushfire shutters compliant with · Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of
All glass must be toughened safety glass minimum 6 mm. Clause 3.7 and 8.5.1 of AS 3959 or tested to BAL-40 or higher in 2 mm manufactured from either:
accordance with AS 1530.8.1. -- Corrosion resistant steel or
• Seals
-- Bronze
Weather-strips, draught excluders or draught seals must be Option 2: Tested System
fitted. Seals to stiles, heads and sills must be manufactured · A supporting frame manufactured from metal (including
from silicone or a material having a flammability index no Sliding door system tested to BAL-40 in accordance with aluminium)
greater than 5. AS 1530.8.1. The openable portions of sliding doors are not · Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings.
required to be screened, however if fitted externally screens
• Screens must meet the following:
Glazing must be protected by external screens that meet the
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm
following:
manufactured from either:
· Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of · Corrosion resistant steel or
2 mm manufactured from either:
· Bronze
-- Corrosion resistant steel or
• Supporting frame manufactured from metal (including
-- Bronze. aluminium).
Supporting frame manufactured from metal (including • Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings.
aluminium).
Option 3: DTS Requirements
The openable portions of hinged doors are not required to
be screened, however if fitted externally screens must meet Sliding doors must meet the following:
the following:
• Frames
· Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of
2 mm manufactured from either: Door frames, including fully glazed door panels must be
manufactured from metal (including aluminium).
-- Corrosion resistant steel
-- Bronze Sliding doors shall be tight fitting in the frame.
· Supporting frame manufactured from metal (including • Hardware
aluminium). Externally fitted hardware that supports the sash in its
· Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings. function of opening and closing must be manufactured from
metal.
• Glazing
All glass must be toughened safety glass minimum 6 mm.
• Seals
Seals to stiles, heads and sills must be manufactured from
silicone or a material having a flammability index no greater
than 5.

16 Australian Glass and Window Association V6.1 V6.1 A Guide to Windows and Doors in Bushfire Prone Areas 17
 WINDOWS HINGED DOORS BAL-FZ SLIDING DOORS BAL-FZ

BAL-FZ WINDOWS HINGED DOORS BAL-FZ SLIDING DOORS

Option 1: Bushfire Shutters Option 1: Bushfire Shutters Option 1: Bushfire Shutters

Standard windows can be used provided they are completely Standard hinged doors can be used provided they are Standard sliding doors can be used provided they are
protected by bushfire shutters compliant with Clause 3.7, completely protected by bushfire shutters compliant with completely protected by bushfire shutters compliant with
except that perforations are not permissible, and tested to in Clause 3.7, except that perforations are not permissible, and Clause 3.7, except that perforations are not permissible, and
accordance with AS 1530.8.2. tested to in accordance with AS 1530.8.2. tested to in accordance with AS 1530.8.2.

Option 2: Tested System Option 2: Tested System Option 2: Tested System

Window system tested to BAL-FZ in accordance with AS
1530.8.2 or have and FRL of at least -/30/-. All openable
portions of windows must be screened internally or externally
with metal screens with:
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum aperture of 2 mm
manufactured from either:
· Corrosion resistant steel or
· Bronze
• Supporting frame manufactured from metal (including
aluminium).
• Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings.
Door system tested to BAL-FZ in accordance with AS 1530.8.2 Sliding door system tested to in accordance with AS 1530.8.2 or
or have and FRL of at least -/30/- and: have and FRL of at least -/30/- and doors must be tight fitting in
the frame.
• Doors must be tight fitting in the frame and to an abutting
door.
• Weather strips, draught excluders or draught seals must be
installed at the base of hinged doors.
• Seals must not compromise the FRL or the performance
acheived under AS 1530.4.

18 Australian Glass and Window Association V6.1 V6.1 A Guide to Windows and Doors in Bushfire Prone Areas 19
 QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE DTS PROVISIONS FOR WINDOWS

BAL-12.5 BAL-19 BAL-29 BAL-40

Frame Low-level framing must be manufactured from either: Low-level framing must be manufactured from either: Low-level framing must be manufactured from either: All framing must be metal.
• Metal, or • Metal, or • Metal, or
• Bushfire resistant timber or • Bushfire resistant timber or • Bushfire resistant timber or
• Timber species with a density greater than 650 kg/m3 or • Timber species with a density greater than 650 kg/m3 or • Metal reinforced uPVC.
• Metal reinforced uPVC. • Metal reinforced uPVC.

Glazing Low-level glazing must be Grade A safety glass with a Low-level glazing must be toughened glass with a All glazing must be toughened glass with a minimum thickness of All glazing must be toughened glass with a minimum thickness of
minimum thickness of 4 mm. minimum thickness of 5 mm. 5 mm. 6 mm.

In all other locations where annealed glass is used, it Low-level glazing must be protected by an exernal screen (see All glazing must be protected by an exernal screen (see screen
must be protected by an external screen (see screen screen requirements). requirements).
requirements).

Screens Openable portions of windows must be screened either Openable portions of windows must be screened either Openable portions of windows must be screened either internally Fixed and openable portions of windows must be screened either
internally or externally. internally or externally. or externally. internally or externally.

Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum apperture of Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum apperture of Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum apperture of 2 mm Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum apperture of 2 mm
2mm manufactured from either: 2mm manufactured from either: manufactured from either: manufactured from either:
• Corrosion resistant steel, or • Corrosion resistant steel, or • Corrosion resistant steel, or • Corrosion resistant steel, or
• Bronze, or • Bronze, or • Bronze, or • Bronze.
• Aluminium. • Aluminium. • Aluminium.
Aluminium mesh or perforated sheet cannot be used.
Supporting frame must be manufactured from either: Supporting frame must be manufactured from either: Supporting frame must be manufactured from either:
Supporting frame must be manufactured from metal (including
• Metal (including aluminium), or • Metal (including aluminium), or • Metal (including aluminium), or aluminium).
• Bushfire resistant timber or • Bushfire resistant timber or • Bushfire resistant timber.
• Timber species with a density greater than 650 kg/m3. • Timber species with a density greater than 650 kg/m3. Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings.
Low-level glazing must be protected by an exernal screen.
Where annealed glass is used, it must be protected by an
external screen. Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings.

Seals N/A N/A N/A Seals must be manufactured from silicone or have a flammability
index less than 5.

Hardware N/A N/A Externally fitted hardware that supports the sash in its functions Externally fitted hardware that supports the sash in its functions of
of opening and closing must be metal unless shielded by metal opening and closing, must be metal.
frame components.

NOTES

Where double-glazed units are used, the glazing requirements provided in this Standard apply to the external face of the
window assembly only.

Low-level glazing is any glass within 400 mm of the ground, decks, carport roofs, awnings or similar horizontal
(or near horizontal) elements.

20 Australian Glass and Window Association V6.1 V6.1 A Guide to Windows and Doors in Bushfire Prone Areas 21
 QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE DTS PROVISIONS FOR HINGED DOORS

BAL-12.5 BAL-19 BAL-29 BAL-40

Frame Door frames must be manufactured from either: Door frames must be manufactured from either: Door frames must be manufactured from either: All panels and framing must be metal.
• Metal, or • Metal, or • Metal, or
Door panels must be tight fitting in the frames.
• Bushfire resistant timber or • Bushfire resistant timber or • Bushfire resistant timber or
• Timber species with a density greater than 650 kg/m3 or • Timber species with a density greater than 650 kg/m3 or • Metal reinforced uPVC.
• Metal reinforced uPVC. • Metal reinforced uPVC.
Fully framed glass door panels must be manufactured from either:
Fully framed glass door panels must be manufactured from Fully framed glass door panels must be manufactured from • Metal, or
either: either:
• Bushfire resistant timber or
• Metal, or • Metal, or • Metal reinforced uPVC.
• Bushfire resistant timber or • Bushfire resistant timber or • Door panels must be tight fitting in the frames.
• Timber species with a density greater than 650 kg/m3 or • Timber species with a density greater than 650 kg/m3 or
• Metal reinforced uPVC. • Metal reinforced uPVC.
• Door panels must be tight fitting in the frames. • Door panels must be tight fitting in the frames.

Glazing All glazing must be Grade A safety glass with a minimum All glazing must be toughened glass with a minimum All glazing must be toughened glass with a minimum thickness of All glazing must be toughened glass with a minimum thickness of
thickness of 4 mm. thickness of 5 mm. 6 mm. 6 mm.

All glazing must be protected by an external screen (see screen

requirements).

Screens Openable portions of hinged doors are not required to
be screened. However, if screens are fitted externally, they
must be manufactured from:
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum apperture of
2 mm manufactured from either:
· Corrosion resistant steel, or
· Bronze, or
· Aluminium.
• Supporting frame must be manufactured from either:
· Metal (including aluminium), or
· Bushfire resistant timber (Table E1), or
· Timber species with a density greater than 650 kg/m3
(Table E2).
Openable portions of hinged doors are not required to
be screened. However, if screens are fitted externally, they
must be manufactured from:
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum apperture of
2 mm manufactured from either:
· Corrosion resistant steel, or
· Bronze, or
· Aluminium.
• Supporting frame must be manufactured from either:
· Metal (including aluminium), or
· Bushfire resistant timber (Table E1), or
· Timber species with a density greater than 650 kg/m3
(Table E2).
Openable portions of hinged doors are not required to be
screened. However, if screens are fitted externally, they must be
manufactured from:
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum apperture of 2 mm
manufactured from either:
· Corrosion resistant steel, or
· Bronze, or
· Aluminium.
• Supporting frame must be manufactured from either:
· Metal (including aluminium), or
· Bushfire resistant timber (Table E1).
• Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings.
Openable portions of hinged doors are not required to be
screened. However, all glazing must be protected by screens
fitted externally, which must be manufactured from:
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum apperture of 2 mm
manufactured from either:
· Corrosion resistant steel, or
· Bronze.
• Aluminium mesh or perforated sheet cannot be used.
• Supporting frame must be manufactured from metal (including
aluminium).
• Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings.

Seals Weather-strips, draught excluders or draught seals must be Weather-strips, draught excluders or draught seals must be Weather-strips, draught excluders or draught seals must be fitted. Weather-strips, draught excluders or draught seals must be fitted.
fitted. fitted.
Seals must be manufactured from silicone or have a flammability
index of less than 5.

Hardware N/A N/A Externally fitted hardware that supports the door panel in its Externally fitted hardware that supports the door panel in its
functions of opening and closing, must be metal. functions of opening and closing, must be metal.

NOTES

Where double-glazed units are used, the glazing requirements provided in this Standard apply to the external face of the
window assembly only.

Low-level glazing is any glass within 400 mm of the ground, decks, carport roofs, awnings or similar horizontal
(or near horizontal) elements.

22 Australian Glass and Window Association V6.1 V6.1 A Guide to Windows and Doors in Bushfire Prone Areas 23
 QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE SLIDING DOORS

BAL-12.5 BAL-19 BAL-29 BAL-40

Frame Door frames must be manufactured from either: Door frames must be manufactured from either: Door frames must be manufactured from either: All framing must be metal.
• Metal, or • Metal, or • Metal, or
Door panels must be tight fitting in the frames.
• Bushfire resistant timber or • Bushfire resistant timber or • Bushfire resistant timber or
• Timber species with a density greater than 650 kg/m3 or • Timber species with a density greater than 650 kg/m3 or • Metal reinforced uPVC.
• Metal reinforced uPVC. • Metal reinforced uPVC.
Door panels must be tight fitting in the frames.
Door panels must be tight fitting in the frames. Door panels must be tight fitting in the frames.

Glazing All glazing must be Grade A safety glass with a minimum All glazing must be toughened glass with a minimum All glazing must be toughened glass with a minimum thickness of All glazing must be toughened glass with a minimum thickness of
thickness of 4 mm. thickness of 5 mm. 6 mm. 6 mm.

Screens Openable portions of sliding doors are not required to be
screened. However, if screens are fitted externally, they
must be manufactured from:
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum apperture of
2 mm manufactured from either:
· Corrosion resistant steel, or
· Bronze, or
· Aluminium.
• Supporting frame must be manufactured from either:
· Metal (including aluminium), or
· Bushfire resistant timber or
· Timber species with a density greater than 650 kg/m3.
Openable portions of sliding doors are not required to be
screened. However, if screens are fitted externally, they
must be manufactured from:
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum apperture of
2 mm manufactured from either:
· Corrosion resistant steel, or
· Bronze, or
· Aluminium.
• Supporting frame must be manufactured from either:
· Metal (including aluminium), or
· Bushfire resistant timber or
· Timber species with a density greater than 650 kg/m3.
Openable portions of sliding doors are not required to be
screened. However, if screens are fitted externally, they must be
manufactured from:
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum apperture of 2 mm
manufactured from either:
· Corrosion resistant steel, or
· Bronze, or
· Aluminium.
• Supporting frame must be manufactured from either:
· Metal (including aluminium), or
· Bushfire resistant timber.
• Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings.
The fixed and openable portions of sliding doors must be
protected by an external screen.
• Mesh or perforated sheet with a maximum apperture of 2 mm
manufactured from either:
· Corrosion resistant steel, or
· Bronze.
• Aluminium mesh or perforated sheet cannot be used.
• Supporting frame must be manufactured from metal (including
aluminium).
• Screen assemblies must be attached using metal fixings.

Seals N/A N/A N/A Seals must be manufactured from silicone or have a flammability
index of less than 5.

Hardware N/A N/A Externally fitted hardware that supports the door panel in its Externally fitted hardware that supports the door panel in its
functions of opening and closing, must be metal. functions of opening and closing, must be metal.

NOTES

Where double-glazed units are used, the glazing requirements provided in this Standard apply to the external face of the
window assembly only.

Low-level glazing is any glass within 400 mm of the ground, decks, carport roofs, awnings or similar horizontal
(or near horizontal) elements.

24 Australian Glass and Window Association V6.1 V6.1 A Guide to Windows and Doors in Bushfire Prone Areas 25
 ILLUSTRATIONS ILLUSTRATIONS

DECKING WITHIN HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL LIMITS OF GLAZED ELEMENTS EXTERNAL WALLS, GLAZING OR DOOR FRAMES WITHIN LIMITS ABOVE GROUND,
DECKS OR CARPORT ROOFS
Figure 1 Plan View
Decking less than 300 mm from glazed element Figure 3 Construction requirements for external walls, glazing or door joinery within
(measured horizontally at deck level). 400 mm of ground level.
Glazed element:
Inside window or door

400 mm
Ground level
300 mm

R 300 mm

Decking material Figure 4 Construction requirements for external walls, glazing or door joinery within
400 mm of deck level.

Figure 2 Elevation View 110 mm

Decking less than 400 mm from glazed element
(measured verticaly from the surface of the deck).

400 mm
Deck level

Glazed element:
window or door

400 mm

Figure 5 Construction requirements for external walls within 400 mm of carport, veranda or
awning roof.

400 mm

less than 18˚

110 mm

26 Australian Glass and Window Association V6.1 V6.1 A Guide to Windows and Doors in Bushfire Prone Areas 27
 AGWA GUIDE SERIES
Installation Fixing Energy Efficiency

AUSTRALIAN WINDOW ASSOCIATION GUIDE SERIES

A GUIDE TO ENERGY
EFFICIENCY COMPLIANCE

AN INDUSTRY GUIDE TO COMPLIANCE WITH

ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THERMAL COMFORT
REQUIREMENTS FOR WINDOWS AND DOORS VERSION 1

Glass & Glazing Window & Door Selection

AUSTRALIAN WINDOW ASSOCIATION GUIDE SERIES

AUSTRALIAN WINDOW ASSOCIATION GUIDE SERIES VERSION 3
AN AWA GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING

A GUIDE TO GLASS
OCTOBER 2017
A GUIDE TO WINDOW AND
DOOR SELECTION
AND GLAZING
A HANDBOOK TO AS 1288

Murray Art Museum (MAMA) AN INDUSTRY GUIDE TO THE

Source: DLG Aluminium & Glazing SELECTION AND CERTIFICATION
OF WINDOWS AND DOORS

A Guide to Window & Door Selection.indd 1 18/08/2015 9:36:04 AM

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