Lab 5

Latent and Specific Heat

Aim:
Finding latent heat of fusion of ice and finding specific heat capacity of aluminium is the
main aim of this lab.

Theory:
By using the equation 1 and the given equipment’s we will find the latent heat of fusion of ice
which is l f (J . K g−1 ). Also, through equation 2 we will find the specific heat for aluminium.
Then match their values with the textbook values to see if they match or not.

Method:
Equation1: Write down the conservation of energy equation for heat when a mass of ice
at a temperature less than 0℃ (T 1) is added to copper (Cu) container holding some hot
water at a temperature less than 100℃ ( T 2 ). Underneath each term indicate the process
involved e.g. ice warms Q 1, ice melts Q 2, water that ice melts Q 3, hot water cools Q 4 ,
copper container cools Q5. Your equation must contain all these variables
mice , mwater , mCu , cice , cwater , cCu ∧l f : Initial temperature T 1∧T 2 ; and the final equilibrium
temperature T 3.

Experiment 1: Determine the latent heat of fusion for icel f (J . K g−1 )to 3 significant
figures using calorie meter.
 Find the weight of calorie meter when it is empty.
 Put water in it and then put warm water so that the temperature reaches 30.
 Then find the weight of water and copper calorimeter.
 Find the temperature of ice
 find the temperature of water
 put crushed ice on calorimeter.
 Measure lowest temperature by inserting thermometer in it.
 Then weight the calorimeter.
Equation 2: Write down the conservation of energy equation for heat when a mass of
Aluminium(Al) at a temperature of 100℃ (T 1) is added to copper (Cu) container
holding some cool water at a temperature( T 2 ). Underneath each term indicates the
process involved e.g. Aluminium block cools Q1, cool water warms Q 2 and copper
container warms Q 3. Your equation must contain all these variables
m Al ,m water , m Cu , c water , c Cu∧c Al : Initial temperature T 1∧T 2 ; and the final equilibrium
temperature T 3 .
Experiment 2: Determine the specific heat of Al c Al (J . k g−1 ℃ −1 ) .

 find the weight of the block of Al

 put cotton tied Al in the hot water jug
 find the weight of the empty calorimeter
 put water into the copper calorimeter and then weight it
 find the temperature of water which is inside it
 measure the hot boiling waters temperature
 after 1 min remove the Al from water and them put thermometer to find the
temperature.

Result:
Equation1:
5
 ∑ Qi=Q 1+ Q2+Q 3+Q 4 +Q5=0
i=1
mi C i ( t 1−0 ) +mi l f +mi C w ( t 2−0 )−mw C w ( t 2−t 3 )−mCu C Cu ( t 2 −t 3 ) =0

Experiment 1:
Value Value Equation and then value
t 1=−16.4 ℃ Q1=mice C ice (−T 1+ 0 )=−174.82 J
m ice =0.0052 kg l f =2.77 ¿ Q 2=mice l f =1438.376 J
T 3=23.2 ℃ Q 3=mice C water (T ¿¿ 3−0)=500.415 J ¿
m water =0.0942 kg T 2=29.0 ℃ Q 4 =m water C water ( T 3 −T 2 ) =−2266.301 J
mCu =0.0682 kg T 2=29.0 ℃ Q5=mCu C Cu ( T 3 −T 2 ) =−152.686 J

Equation 2:
5
 ∑ Qi=Q 1+ Q2+Q 3=0
i=1

 m Al c Al (−T 1+T 3 ) +m w c w ( −T 1 +T 3 )+ mcu c cu ( −T 2 +T 3 )=0

Experiment 2:

m Al=0.0286 kg T 1=100 ℃
Q1=−1728.85 J
T 3=24.9 ℃ C Al=7.97(102 J / Kg℃ )
mwater =0.0876 kg Q2=1612.68096 J
T 2=20.5 ℃
m Cu =0.0684 kg Q 3=116.170 J
 Analysis:
Experiment 1:
 Q 1+ Q2+Q 3+Q 4 +Q5=0

 Q 1=m ice C ice (−T 1+ 0)

 Q 2=mice l f
 Q 3=m ice c water (−0+T 3 )
 Q 4=mwater c water (−T 2+T 3 )

 Q 5=m Cu C Cu (−T 2+ T 3 )

 mice =0.0052 kg
 mwater =0.0942 kg
 mCu =0.0682 kg
 C cu=386 J /kg
 C ice=2050 J /kg
 C w =4184 J /kg
−174.824−500.41472+2266.30−152.686
 lf = =2.77
0.0052

Experiment 2:

 Q 1+ Q2+Q 3=0
 Q 1=m Al c Al ( T 3 −T 1 ) =0.0286 ×c Al × ( 24.9−100 )=−1728.85 J
 Q 2=m water c water ( T 3−T 2 )=0.0876× 4184 × ( 24.9−20.5 ) =1612.68 J
 Q 3=mcu c cu ( T 3−T 2 )=0.0684 × 386 × ( 24.9−20.5 )=116.170 J
−m water c water ( T 3 −T 2 ) −m cu c cu (T 3−T 2)
 C Al=
m Al (T 3 −T 1 )
−1612.68096−116.17056
 C Al= =796.56
(0.0289)( 24.9−100)

Average results:

1 2 3 4 5 mean S. D
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1 l f =(10 J / Kg) 2.77 3.75 4.76 3.03 2.58 3.38 0.8
2 C Al=(10 2 J / Kg℃ ) 7.97 8.86 8.31 6.52 7.92 7.92 0.9

Q) Explain the reason why above values are different with the following textbook
values:
Ans) Absorption of heat is estimated to be over or under.
Conclusion:

The values that we calculated for l f ∧C Al in this lab are very close to the values given in the
textbook but this might be because of over or under estimation.

Appendix: