DRUG SPECIFIC ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING

RESPONSIBILITIES
Piperacillin sodium- Inhibits cell-wall -Moderate to severe -Contraindicated in -Dizziness CNS: headache, -Drug may cause CDAD
tazobactam sodium synthesis during infections from patients hypersensitive -Agitation insomia, fever, ranging in severetiy
bacterial piperacillin-resistant, to drug or other -Trouble sleeping seizuress, agitation, from mild diarrhea to
multiplication. piperacillin- penicillins. -Nausea anxiety, dizziness, pain fatal colitis. Monitor
tazobactam- -Use cautiously in -Vomiting CV: arrhytmia, chest patient for diarrhea
Dose:4.5g susceptible, beta- patients with bleeding -Stomach pain or upset pain, edema, and initiate therapeutic
Route:IVTT lactamase- producing tendicies, uremia, -Diarrhea hypertension, measures as needed.
strains hypokalemia, and -Constipation tachycardia Drug may need to be
-Appendicitis, allergies to other -Headache EENT: rhinitis stopped.
peritonitis drugs, especially -Runny nose GI: diarrhea, -If large doses are
-Moderate to severe cephalosporins, -Anxiety constipation, nausea, given or if therapy is
Therapeutic class: nosocomial pneumonia because of possible -Skin rash pseudomembranous prolonged, bacterial or
Antiobiotics causeded by cross sensitivity colitis, abdominal pain, fungal superinfection
piperacillin resistant, dyspepsia, stool may occur, especially
Pharmacologic class: beta-lacatamase- changes, vomiting. in elderly, debilitated,
Extended spectrum producing strains of S. GU: candidiasis, or immunosuppressed
penicillins-beta- Aureus or by interstitial nephritis. patients.
lactamase inhibitors piperacillin- Hematologic: -Monitor patient’s
tazobactam- leukopenia, sodium intake and
susceptible neutropenia, electrolyte levels.
Acinetobacter thrombocytopenia,
baumannii, H. anemia, eosinophilia.
Influenzae, klebsiella Respiratory: dyspnea
pneumoniae, and Skin: pruritus, rash
Pseudomonas Other: anaphylaxis,
aeruginosa hypersensitivity
-Catheter related reactions, phlebitis at
bloodstream infection I.V. site.
 DRUG SPECIFIC ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
Furosemide Inhibits sodium and -Acute pulmonary -Contraindicated in -Vertigo CNS: vertigo, -Monitor weight, BP,
chloride reabsorption edema patients hypersensitive -Headache headache, dizziness, and pulse rate
Dose: 40mg at the proximal and -Edema to drug and in those -Orthostatic paresthesia, weakness, routinely with long
Route: IVTT now then distal tubules and the -Hypertension with anuria. hypotension restlessness, fever term use.
q8h ascending loop of -Use cautiously in -Thrombophlebitis CV: orthostatic -If oliguria or azotemia
Henle. patients with hepatic -Abdominal paiN hypotension, develops or increases,
cirrhosis and in those -Hypokalemia thrombom phlebitis drug may need to be
Therapeutic Class: allergic to -Anemia with IV administration stopped
Antihypertensives sulfonamides. -Muscle pain EENT: Transient -Monitor fluid intake
Pharmacologic Class: -Drug may exacerbate deafness, blurred or and output and
Loop Diuretics or active systemic yellow vision, tinnitus electorlyte, BUN, and
lupus erythematosus. GI: abdominal carbon dioxide levels
discomfort and pain, frequently
diarrhea, anorexia, -Watch for signs of
nausea, vomiting, hypokalemia, such as
constipation, muscle weakness and
pancreatitis cramps
GU: azotemia, -Monitor glucose level
nocturia, polyuria, in diabetic patients
frequent urination, -Monitor elderly
oliguria, patients, who are
Hematologic: especially susceptible
agranulocytosis, to excessive diuresis,
aplastic anemia, because circulatory
leukopenia, collapse and
thrombocytopenia, thromboembolic
hepatic dysfunction, complications are
jaundice possible
Metabolic: volume -Monitor patients with
depletion, severe symptoms of
dehydration, urine retention due to
hypokalemia, bladder emptying
hypocalcemia, disorders, prostate
hypomagnesemia enlargement, or
Musculoskeletal: urethral narrowing or
muscle spasm worsening of
Skin: toxic epidermal symptoms, especially
necrolisis, stevens- during initial
johnsons syndrome, treatment.
erythema multiform,
gout
 DRUG SPECIFIC ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
Hydrocortisone Enters target cells and -Short term -With allergy to any -Headache CNS: Vertigo, -Space multiple doses
binds to cytoplasmic inflammatory and component of the -Thrombophlebitis headache, evently throughout the
Dose: 100mg receptors, initiates allergic disorders, such drug, fungal infections, parestheasis, insomia, day
Route: IVTT now many complex as rheumatoid amebiasis, hepatitis B, seizures, psychosis -Do not give IM
reactions that are arthritis, collagen vaccinia, or vacirilla, -Dermatologic: Thin, injections if patient has
responsible for it’s diseases, dermatologic and antibiotic resistant fragile skin, petechiae, thrombocytopenic
anti-inflammatory, diseases, status infections, immune eechymosis, purpura, purpura.
Therapeutic Class: immunosupressive, asthmaticus, and suppression. striae, subcutaneous -Rotate sites of IM
Corticosteroids and saltretaining autoimmune disorders, fat atrophy repository injection to
Pharmacologic: actions. Some actions -Intra articular or soft- -EENT: Cataracts, avoid local atrophy
Glucocorticoids maybe undesirable, tissue administration: glaucoma, increased
depending on drug arthritis, psoriatic IOP
use. plaques.
 DRUG SPECIFIC ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
Salbutamol + The ipratropium Bronchodilator for Contraindicated with -Dizziness -CNS: dizziness, blurred -Monitor the patient’s
Ipratropium ingredient is maintenance for hypersensitivity to -Nausea vision. vital signs, nothing
anticholinergic drug maintenance therapy atropine or it’s -Dyspnea -GI: nausea, dry mouth hypotension and
1 neb now then x3 which relaxes smooth of bronchospasm derivatives -Respiratory: dyspnea, irregular or abnormal
doses q 15mins muscle in the lung. The bronchospasms, pulse
salbutamol ingredient hoarseness -Maitain a quiet,
is a beta-2 agonist -CV: palpitations, chest comfortable
which stimulates beta- pain environment to
Therapeutic Class: Anti 2 sites in the lungs to minimize anxiety and
Cholinergic relax the bronchi perhaps decrease
Pharmacoligical Class: palpitations.
Bronchodilators -Teach the patient
pursed lip breathing,
diaphragmatic
breathing, and chest
splinting
-Encourage the patient
to perform oral
hygiene after taking
the medication
 DRUG SPECIFIC ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
Levofloxacin Inhibits bacterial DNA -Acute bacterial -Drug may exacerbate -Nausea -CNS: encephalopathy, -If the patient
gyrase and prevents sinusitis muscle weakness in -Vomiting seizures, dizziness, experiences symptoms
750mg DNA replication, -Nasocomial patients older than age -Diarrhea headache, insomia of excessive CNS
IVTT OD transcription, repair, pneumonia casused by 60, in patients taking -Headache -GI: stimulation, stop drug,
No skin test needed and recombination in methecillin-susceptible corticosteroids and in -Constipation pseudomembranous and notify prescriber.
susceptible bacteria. S.aureus those withn heart, -Insomnia colitis, abdominal pain, -Patients with acute
-Prophylaxis or kidney, or lung -Abdominal pain constipation, diarrhea, hypersensitivity
treatment of transpalnts. -Dizziness dyspepsia, nausea, reactions may need
Therapeutic Class: pneumonic and -Contraindicated in vomiting treatment with
Antibiotics septicemic patients hypersensitive -GU: vaginitis epinephrine
Pharmacologic Class: -Infection prophylaxis to drug, its -Hematologic: -Monitor patient for
Fluoroquinolones in neutropenia components, or other lymphonia, signs and symptoms of
fluoroquinolones eosinophilia, hemolyti peripheral neuropathy
-Use cautiously and anemia -Drug may cause an
with dosage -Metabolic: abnormal ECG.
adjustment in patients hypoglycemia -Most antibacterials
with renal -Musculoskeletal: back can cause
impairements pain, tendon rupture pseudomembranous
-Respiratory: allergic colitis.
pneumonitis, dyspnea -Monitor glucose level.
-Skin: erythema -Tell patient to take
multiforme, Stevens- drug as prescribed
Johnson’s syndrome, even if signs and
photosensitivity. symptoms disappear.
Pruritus, rash
-Other: anaphylaxis,
multisystems oragan
failure, hypersensitivity
reactions.
DRUG SPECIFIC ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
 RESPONSIBILITIES
Spironolactone Antagonizes -Edema due to heart -Contraindicated in -Vomiting CNS: headache, -Monitor electrolyte
aldosterone in the failure pateints hypersensitive -Diarrhea drowsiness, lethargy, levels, fluid intake and
distal tubules, -Hypertension to drug and in those -Dry mouth confusion, ataxia output, weight and BP.
Dose: 25mg 1TAB BID increasing sodium and -Severe heart failure with anuria, acute or -Headache GI: diarrhea, gastric -Monitor elderly
Route: Oral water excretion. (class III or IV), as progressive renal bleeding, ulceration , patients closely, who
adjunct to ACE insufficiency, or cramping, gastritis, are susceptible to
inhibitor or loop hyperkalemia vomiting. excessive diuresis
diuretic, with or GU: inability to -Inform laboratory
without cardiac -Use cautiously in maintain erection, that patient is taking
glycoside patients with fluid or menstrual spironolactone
Therapeutic Class: - electrolyte imbalances disturbances. because drug may
Diuretics and in those with Hematologic: interfere with tests
Pharmocological Class: impaired renal or agranulocytosis that measure digoxin
Potassium sparing hepatic function. Metabolic: level
class-aldosterone hyperkalemia, -Maximum
receptor antagonist dehydration, antihypertensive
hyponatremia, mild response may be
acidosis delayed for upto 2
Skin: uriticaria, weeks
hirsutism,
maculopapular
eruptions
Other: anaphylaxis,
gynecomastia, breast
soreness, drug fever.

DRUG SPECIFIC ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
 RESPONSIBILITIES
Enalapril May inhibit ACE, -Hypertension -Contraindicated in -Nausea CNS: asthenia, -Closely monitor BP
preventing conversion -To convert from I.V. patients hypersensitive -Diarrhea headache, dizziness, response to drug.
Dose: 50mg ½ tab OD of angiotensin I to therapy to oral therapy to drug and in those -Dry mouth fatigue, vertigo, -Monitor CBC with
Route: Oral angiotensin II, a potent in patients receiving with a history of -Coughing syncope differential counts
vasoconstrictor. Less diuretics angioedema related to -Loss of appetite CV: hypotension, chest before and during
angiotensin II -To manage previous treatment -Insomnia pain, angina pectoris therapy.
decreases peripheral symptomatic heart with an ACE inhibitor -Rash GI: diarrhea, nausea,
Therapeutic Class: arterial resistane, failure -Use cautiously in -Itching abdominal pain,
Antihypertensive decreasing -Asymptomatic left renally impaired vomiting
Pharmacological Class: aldoseterone ventricular dysfunction patients or those with GU: decreased renal
ACE inhibitors secretion, and aortic stenosis or function (in patients
lowering BP. hypertrophic with bilateral renal
cardiomyopathy artery stenosis or heart
failure)
Hematologic: bone
marrow depression
Respiratory: dry,
persistent, tickling,
nonproductive cough,
dyspnea
Skin: rash
Other: angioedema.

DRUG SPECIFIC ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
 RESPONSIBILITIES
Atorvastatin Inhibits HMG-CoA -In patients with CAD, -Contraindicated nin -Confusion CNS: insomia -Patient should follow
reductase, an early to reduce the risk of patients hypersensitive -Fever EENT: nasopharyngitis, a standard cholesterol-
Dose: 20mg 1 TAB OD (and rate-limiting) step non fatal MI, fatal and to drug and in those -Dark urine pharyngolaryngeal lowering diet before
Route: Oral in cholesterol nonfatalm strokes, with active liver -Increased thirst pain and during therapy
biosynthesis, angina, heart failure, disease or unexplained -Drowsiness GI: abdominal pain, -Before treatment,
and revascularization persistent elevations of -Loss of appetite diarrhea, dyspepsia, assess patient for
procedures transaminase levels flatulence, nausea underlying causes for
-Adjunct to diet to -Withhold or stop drug GU: UTI hypercholesterolemia
Therapeutic Class: reduce LDL in patients at risk for Musculoskeletal: and obtain a baseline
Antilipemics renal failure rhabdomyolysis, lipid profile.
Pharmacological Class: arthralgia, myalgia,
HMG-CoA reductase extremity pain, muscle
inhibitors spasms.
Musculoskelaetal pain.
Skin: rash

DRUG SPECIFIC ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
 RESPONSIBILITIES
Clopidogrel Inhibits the binding of -To reduce thrombotic -Contraindicated in -Headache CNS: confusion, -Consider
adenosine events in patients with patients hypersensitive -Nausea hallucinations discontinuing drug 5
Dose: 75mg 1 tab OD disphosphate (ADP) to atherosclerosis to drug or its -Constipation CV: hypotension days before elective
Route: Oral its platelet receptor, documented by recent component, in those -Indigestion EENT: epistaxis, surgery.
impeding ADP stroke, MI, or with a history of -Stomach ache rhinitis, taste disorder -Advise patient that it
mediated activation peripheral arterial hypersensitivity or -Nosebleeds GI: hemorrhage, may take longer that
and subsequent disease hematologic reaction abdominal pain, usual to stop bleeding.
platelet aggregation, -To reduce thrombotic to other constipations, -Instruct patient to
and irreversibly events in patients with thienopyridines diarrhea, dyspepsia, notify prescriber if
modifies the platelet acute coronary -Hypersensitivity ulcers. unusual bleeding or
ADP receptor. syndrome reactions, including GU: UTI, hematuria. bruising occurs.
Therapeutic Class: rash, angioedema, and Hematologic: -Inform patient that
Antiplatelet hematologic reactions, thrombocytopenic drug may be taken
Pharmacological Class: have been reported purpura without regard for
Platelet aggregation -Use cautiously in Musculoskeletal: meals
inhibitors patients at risk for arthalgia, myalgia,
increased bleeding arthritis
from trauma, surgery Respiratory:
or other patholigic bronchospasm,
conditions and in those intersitial pneumonitis,
with renal or hepatic respiratory tract
imapairment bleeding
Skin: rash, pruritus
Other: flulike
syndrome

DRUG SPECIFIC ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
 RESPONSIBILITIES
Cefuroxime Inhibits cell-wall -Bacterial exacerbation -Contraindicated in -Diarrhea CV: phlebitis, -Monitor patient for
synthesis, promoting of chronic bronchitis or patients hypersensitive -Dizziness thrombophlebitis signs and symptoms of
Dose: 750mg 1 ampule osmotic instability, secondary bacterial to drug or other -Drowsiness GI: diarrhea, nausea, superinfection and
Route: IVTT usually bactericidal infection of acute cephalosporins -Abdominal pain anorexia, vomiting diarrhea
bronchitis -Use catiously in -Itching Hematologic: -Instruct patient to
-Uncomplicated skin patients hypersensitive -Rash hemolytic anemia, notify prescriber about
Therapeutic Class: and skin structure to penicillin because of -Muscle pain Skin: macupapular and rash, loose stools,
Antibiotics infection possibility of cross- -Joint pain erthematous rashes, diarrhea, or evidence
Pharmacological Class: -Impetigo sensitivity with other -Irritability uritacaria, pain, of superinfection
Second-generation beta-lactam antibiotics -Restlessness induration,
cephalosporins -Use cautiously in Other: anaphylaxis,
patients with history of hypersensitivity
colitis or renal reactions, serum
insufficiency sickness.

DRUG SPECIFIC ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
 RESPONSIBILITIES
ISOSORBIDE Nitrates are drugs that Prevention and The presence of any -Headache CNS: Headache, Instruct the patient to
act directly on the treatment of Angina allergies to nitrates. -Skin warmth or dizziness take medication as
Dose: 30mg 1 tab OD smooth muscle to Pecetoris in adults. These drugs are also redness GI: N&V and directed, even if
Route: Oral cause relaxation and to contraindicated in the -Tingling under your incontinence feeling better. Take
depress muscle tone. following conditions: skin CV: hypotension missed doses as soon
Severe anemia, head -Hot flashes Skin: Flushing pallor as remembered; doses
Therapeutic Class: trauma, or -Nausea sweating and increased of isosorbide dinitrate
Antianginals hemorrhage, pregancy perspiration. should be taken at
Pharmacologic Class: and lactation. least 2 hrs apart (6 hrs
Nitrates with extended-release
preparations); daily
doses of isosorbide
mononitrate should be
taken 7 hrs apart. Do
not double doses. Do
not discontinue
abrupltly.

DRUG SPECIFIC ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
 RESPONSIBILITIES

DRUG SPECIFIC ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
 RESPONSIBILITIES
Azithromycin Binds to the 50S -Community acquired -Contraindicated in -Diarrhea CNS: fatigue, -Monitor patient for
subunit of bacterial pneumonia patients hypersensitive -Loose stools headacge, somnolence superinfection. Drug
Dose: 500mg 1 tab ribosomes, blocking to azithromycin, -Nausea dizziness may cause overgrowth
Route: Oral protein synthesis, erythromycin, or other -Stomach pain CV: chestpain, of nonsusceptible
bacteriostatic or macrolide or ketolide -Tiredness palpitations bacteria or fungi.
bactericidal, depending antibiotics, and in -Vomiting EENT: eye irritation -If patient vomits
on concentration those with history of -Dizziness GI: abdominal, within 60mins of taking
Therapeutic Class: cholestatic jaundice or anorexia, diarrhea, Zmax, notify prescrber,
Antibiotics hepatic dysfunction nausea, vomiting additional or different
Pharmacological Class: from prior use of GU: candidiasis, therapy may be
Macrolides azithromycin nephritis, vaginitis. needed.
-Drug may cause CDAD Hepatic: cholestatic -Monitor patient for
ranging in severity jaundice CDAD, which may
from mild diarrhea to Skin: photosensitivity range in severity from
fatal colitis reactions, rash pain, mild diarrhea fatal
pruritus colitis
Other: angioedema -Tell patient that
immediate-release
tablets and suspension
can be taken with or
without food. Food
may reduce GI upset.