in this video we would learn about

bioprocessing and it's just an overview

of that

so what is bioprocessing

bioprocessing is a technique

by which we can use biological resources

such as

living cells and using their machineries

we can use products such as enzymes

metabolites etc which have important

biomedical relevance now

definitely the bioprocess would take

place

in a bioreactor in a controlled

environment right

and the key player of this bioprocessing

is the biological cell sometimes it

could be a bacteria sometime it could be

a mammalian cell

or sometime it could be a plant cell as

well so bioprocess

involves bacteria mammalian cell or even

cell free systems

now let's try to understand what type of

products

could be generated using this bio

processing method

the product could be secreted metabolite

which is secreted outside

the product could be an enzyme which is

relevant for biomedical research or

maybe this enzyme is

important therapeutic drug now

it could be also a recombinant protein

used for biomedical research so all of

these type of products can be generated

using a bio processor now the

bioprocessor can

produce these products in a controlled

environment

but before we understand bioprocessing

we need to understand some very basics

imagine you're cooking for your family

so you need a very small vessel right

but

when you cook for the whole village or

the whole community you need a bigger

cooking pot so the environment where

these

cooking would happen is different but

the cooking is same

the reactions are same but only the

scale is different

similarly bioprocessing is also an

industrial process or it's a macro level

reaction okay so let's try to take a

specific example

so let's say you work with this

particular enzyme

and you want this enzyme to be produced

so what you are going to do

in lab if you need these enzyme for a

small scale work

you would definitely try to generate

this enzyme

you would use the cloning workflow where

you

clone your gene of interest using the

cloning methods

and ultimately you would transfect that

recombinant plasmid

into a bacteria this plasmid would

express

its product inside the bacteria and you

would grow the bacteria as the bacteria

grows the product also grows inside the

bacteria later on

using column chromatography and other

chromatographic tools you would

purify that protein and finally

that protein is with you and it

would be enough for your work but

imagine

once you need a some kind of product

such as an antibody

such as a restriction enzyme or such as

recombinant proteins

for your own research each time

you are not going to make it from the

scratch right

you are going to look for companies who

deliver

all of these enzymes right and

the question is how does these companies

produce these things in bulk the company

would deliver these products to your

doorstep and you would start

using it but the question is how does

the bulk preparation takes place

inside the industry right so we are

going to talk about that

industrial aspect of biological

processing so obviously

the overall formula is same you need to

have a recombinant plasmid you need to

have

bacteria which would be generating the

product but

the reaction container or the reaction

conditions

are different and the scale is different

so you can clearly understand in a

factory there is a amp up

in the culture volume from which you are

purifying

in lab you might need one microliter of

this particular enzyme

but worldwide people need one microliter

so

the factory has to generate liters and

liters of that

enzyme and that's is not an easy process

so let's begin from the scratch what is

happening inside of bioprocessing

industry

so they have a seed stock so this seed

stock would contain

bacteria you would transfect the

bacteria with the plasmid

that you want to express inside this

bacteria

now you would gradually scale up your

culture volume from a small culture

volume to a big one and ultimately you

would take your culture

into a fermentation reactor or a

bioreactor

we'll come to the details of the

bioreactor in a moment

but in the bioreactor your product would

be harvested that means your bacteria

would grow in number as the bacteria is

growing in number your product is also

generated

now after that your product need to be

recovered from the bacteria right

so you have to harvest the cells and you

have to do centrifugation

followed by some kind of separation by

chromatographic method

then there would be several rounds of

purification steps polishing step

and ultimately it would pass through a

quality control

you have to understand whether the

product which is generated is actually

functional or not whether it is okay for

it to be released in the market so

quality control step is very important

and ultimately it would be packaged and

delivered

to its proper location so the step

where the cells are generated in a

massive amount

is known as the upstream processing

so this upstream processes happens in

the

bioreactor whereas the recovery process

purification process

all of these comprise a downstream

processing which

includes processing purification

polishing quality control and packaging

so first of all you can take a frozen

seed stock

then you can put it in put that culture

in a

relatively bigger vessel

then this culture would be revived

after that you have to amp up the volume

so you have to gradually amp up the

volume

and once the volume reach quite a lot

then you have to put it

in a bioreactor tank so let's talk about

the bioreactor so there are lots of lots

of component in this bioreactor tank

so we are going to talk about it one by

one so let's look at the bits and pieces

okay

so first there is the tank where the

broth would stay right

and this tank is actually sterile it

ensures the microbe that you need

only is able to grow it does not ensure

growth of a random microbe obviously

there is a stirring pedal attached to a

dc motor so it would allow this pedal to

rotate

and its speed can be controlled so in

this rotation process

heat might be generated so overall in

order to maintain the temperature

of the bioreactor there would be coolant

systems as well

so there are coolant systems running

around these

broth tank after that there would be a

aeration unit

which bubbles oxygen

through this media now some

microbes might need oxygen some might

not need oxygen so this component is

variable

so this ensures the dissolved oxygen

level

in the bioreactor is in a controllable

amount

after that there would be electronic

display units and there would be control

boards and control panels there would be

inlet

and outlet chamber as well so all that

comprises bioreactor

after that the product that is generated

in the bioreactor would pass through

centrifuge and this centrifuge does not

look like the centrifuge

which is in your lab bench so these

centrifuge

are industrial scale centrifuge and they

are very different looking right

overall this is a bioreactor and this is

how the pedals are spinning

so what we learned so far is the

upstream process

the upstream process refers to

uh the massive amplification of the

microbes of the cell

and that would be generating the

substances that is our

that is of our interest in a massive

amount but it still remain

still remain in an unpurified stage

right so upstream process can be induced

upstream process can include um inoculum

development

media development improvement of the

innoculum by genetic engineering process

so all the molecular biology process at

the initial step

and ultimately optimizing the growth

kinetics

so you have to come to a growth i mean

growth condition

which was which is faster cost effective

and very efficient so all of these

things would be

important when you're making a product

in an industry skill

now coming to the downstream process so

downstream processing refers to

recovery and purification of the

biosynthetic product

which is generated in the upstream

process now it need to be purified

so the products that are generated let's

see how it is purified

now before that let us take a simple

example of two kind of scenario

one type the product could be

extracellular some kind of metabolite

which is excreted out of these bacteria

now the product would be also

intracellular for example this is the

enzyme inside the bacteria

so let's see how each type of products

can be purified and recovered

so coming to the extracellular product

purification

so in this case the bioreactor tank

would be connected to a centrifuge and

this centrifuge the output of the

centrifuge will be connected to a

filtration unit so the bio react in the

bioreactor tank there would be bacteria

and the bacteria would have several

metabolites some of these metabolites

would be of our interest and some are

useless for us so dur in the centrifuge

the first pass separation takes place

so you settle down all the big heavy

cells in the bottom

and all the metabolites including useful

and non useful metabolites are in the

solution

now when the solution is passed through

the filtration unit

you can purify your product of interest

based on

column chromatographic techniques or

many other techniques so this is how a

extracellular product can be

or extracellular metabolite can be

filtrate

now coming to a intracellular product

such as

an enzyme so let's say this enzyme is

important for your

biological research so in order to get

the enzyme you have to disrupt the cell

and you need a cell disruption system

and there are huge

industrial grade pistons which actually

breaks apart the cell

by mechanical shearing and try to get

all this product out in the solution

now once the product is out in the

solution you can so and the product is

soluble if it's an enzyme

then you can get a get rid of all of

these debris using this centrifuge

whereas my product would be in the

dissolved state right

in the supernatant so the supernatant is

collected and followed by several other

downstream processing

such as passing through a column so

this broth which has our protein of

interest has to be concentrated because

there is a huge volume in order of

thousands of liters of culture could be

inside a tank

so that is why this broth need to be

concentrated in order to recover the

product

efficiently now that is why dewatering

step could be a essential step where you

remove the excess amount of water

with the application of vacuum drying

process

now there could be initial purification

of the metabolites for example you use

hplc based columns or any kind of column

chromatographic high throughput column

chromatographic method

to purify your protein and depending

upon the nature of your

product what you want to purify you can

use your

columns such as hydrophobic interaction

column or ion exchange column any kind

of column you can use in these

hplc setups again these hplc setups

differ a lot from

that we use in our day-to-day lab work

because everything here is a industrial

skill process right so it's a macro

level process lastly there is

polishing and quality control so this

polishing polishing ensures that

this particular product would be to

percent pure and all the purified

product should be mixed with inert

ingredients

and that ensures the product would be

purified and it would be preserved for a

long time it won't be degraded quickly

and ultimately there is a quality

control step which is very important for

this product development

and after these things these products

would be packaged nicely

and distributed where where the demand

is right

so overall in this video we learned

about the steps of

bio bio processing we looked at what is

downstream what is upstream process we

kind of had an

overview of downstream and upstream

process so in subsequent videos we would

look at all of these things in nitty

gritty details but this was just an

overview

so i hope you enjoyed this video if you

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English (auto-generated)

AllLaboratoriesChemistryListenableRelatedFrom Animated biology With Arpan

2. due to the importance of bio economy our national economic impact and competitiveness
research and development in industrial biotechnology play a major role in energy and food security
environmental impact and well-being the availability of diverse microbial resources in Thailand is an
advantage for various applications in biotechnological industries to create and innovate high-value
products in response to growing trends of consumers and industrial demands in addition microbial
bio processing increases productivity and helps to develop environmental friendly manufacturing
process with efficient energy consumption to realize Thailand's ambition to drive the new s-curve of
industries development the bio tech bio processing facility is established as a national infrastructure
for scale-up research and development in micro bio bio processing targeting particular Rd areas of
nasta including food innovation biochemical and biofuels this facility meets demands of industrial
sectors and production process development without equipment investment for R&D needed the
facility also undergoes techno economic feasibility study and prototype development prior to
transfer of the optimized technology to commercial production the bio processing facility supports
the research activities on upstream and downstream processing ranging from microbial cultivation
by fermentation technology harvesting purification and drying of products biotech bio processing
facility consists of three operating units unit one lab scale facility this laboratory undergoes R&D and
process improvement for production of high-value products derived from microbes such as yeast
fungi and bacteria by fermentation technologies the R&D activities are involved in medium design
and development analysis of metabolites and products derived from fermentation and downstream
process the laboratory is operated under regulatory compliance for conducting research on native
and genetically modified micro.

Unit two upstream and downstream processing this scale-up unit was designed to comply with the
guideline of good industrial large-scale practice ol GI LSP for operation of genetically modified
microorganisms GMO under ls containment by submerged fermentation and downstream
processing technology unit three food and feed processing this unit serves to scale up research
activities for food and feed processing by solid state fermentation and downstream processing such
as drying product formulation and analysis as well as assessment of product storage and shelf-life
bio processing facility undergoes research and development by a multidisciplinary team with experts
in basic and applied microbiology the advanced technology in developing and improving microbial
bioprocess at a larger scale could provide practical means for delivering solutions for food and feed
industries agro industry and bio-based industries emphasis is placed on technology transfer of the
developed production process and product prototype to realistic application in such industries
consultancy service technical training and other technical services are also provided partnership
building in the field of bio processing technology particularly in pilot scale is pursued with both
overseas and local institutions this attempt has been made to generate national economic impact
and to raise competitive capability of the country.

3.

4. Teknologi yang berkaitan dengan segala operasi dan proses yang memanfaatkan mikroba baik
dalam fase hidupnya maupun produk-produk enzimnya. Teknologi bioproses ini adalah bagian yang
tak terpisahkan dan bagian yang sangat penting dalam aplikasi bioteknologi secara massif dalam
industry. Industri bioteknologi terbagi menjadi 4 skema 1. Bio merah (health care) 2. Bio hijau (agro-
food biotechnology) 3. Bio biru (marine biotechnology) 4. Bio putih (chemical substitutes)
Berkembang dari sebuah wabah lalu dikembangkan penicillin (1928), lalu dikembangkan Kembali
pada tahun 1970 dan sekarang dikembangkan lagi untuk pengembangan genetic
modified/kebutuhan krusial.
Perbedaan antara ahli kimia dan ahli rekayasa bioproses

Ahli kimia
1. Klasifikasi fisiologi dan struktur
2. Sifat unsur dan senyawa
3. Mekanisme peralatan laboratorium
4. Analisis dan interpretasi data lab dari sistem kompleks

Ahli rekayasa proses

1. Modeling dan pendekatan matematis
2. Kimia dan fisika terkait fenomena hayati
3. Desain proses, peralatan dan control proses
4. Perancangan produk dari pabrik

Proses

1. Proses hulu (upstream) -> proses pengolahan awal dari bahan mentah
Menghasilkan aliran proses fasa cair yang mengandung bioproduk
2. Proses hilir (downstream)
Pemisahan biomassa, pemecahan sel, pengentalan kaldu, pemurnian awal metabolit,
dewatering dan polishing metabolit
Mengkonsentrasikan dan memurnikan bioproduk

Produk bioproses

1. Yogurt 4. Cuka apel dan cuka biasa

2. Keju 5. Beberapa antibiotic dan vitamin
3. Kecap 6. Biodiesel, vaksin dan buah-buahan serta sayur-sayuran