MOUNT KENYA UNIVERSITY

SCRIPTING FOR BROADCASTMEDIA ASSIGNMENT

GROUP MEMBERS

1. BILLY OTIENO DJMC/2019/55536

2. OMAR MAALIM DJMC/2019/55454

3. HARUN BASHIR DJMC/2021/74299

4. MITCHELL AWUOR DJMC/2021/72954

5. OUMA VINNE DJMC/2021/74327

 1. Describe the process of developing the following characters
 Protagonist
 Antagonist
 A dynamic character
 A foil character

Introduction

A character development is the process of building a unique three dimensional character with
depth, personality and clear motivation.

Character development can also refer to changes a character undergoes over the course of a story
as a result of their actions and experience.

Every story has the main character called Protagonist and mainly they are the hero of the story.
They are mainly opposed by Antagonists who are considered evil of the story or villain. They
help people understand the protagonist character more deeply.

PROTAGONIST

This is the leading or major character in a play and most actions are centered around them.

Process of developing a protagonist

1. Give the protagonist flaws.

The main character (Protagonist) are considered hero of the story and normally seen to be having
positive traits and hence they now become boring. To prevent boredom on these characters since
not everyone is perfect instill a flaw on this character e.g. Alcoholics and Gambler

2. Give the protagonist an Arch.

The character Arch is the change a character undergoes over time. A good character undergoes
change over the course of a story. For example they may start by coming from a poor
background, they meet new people in life who later change his/her social status to be rich by
getting married to a rich person who truly loves her despite challenges of antagonists who try to
cause conflicts.

ANTAGONIST
This character is mainly undermining, opposing or battling the Protagonist. They play vital role
in revealing more about a Protagonist and usually have the opposite character of the Protagonist.

How to develop the character of an Antagonist.

1. Give the Antagonist morality.

Morality is the belief that some behavior is right and acceptable and that other behaviors is
wrong.

When developing an Antagonist, don’t just focus on displaying his/her bad behaviors without
having giving him/her justifiable reason behind his/her motives. The motives of the Antagonist
should always set a crisis to the protagonist. If the villain is a killer, he/she should have a very
good reason for killing and make those reasons/motives personal to the history of their
upbringing.

2. Make the Antagonist powerful.

The Antagonist should not be so weak to the Protagonist rather they should be more powerful or
be a match to the Protagonist since it will enable the readers want to know who truly won the
battle but most battles are win by the Protagonist as they are considered the hero of the story.
Only a few cases the Antagonist emerges the victor between the two in a battle of which creates
more fun to the story since it is opposite to what the people expected. It creates even a further
opportunity for character development.

Reference

https://www.masterclass.com/articles/writing-tips-for-character-development|what-is-charcter-
development

DYNAMIC CHARACTER

A dynamic character is one who changes during the course of a story.

They start in one way and end up in a different way. Basically they may have a total shift of
character e.g. good to evil, hardworking to lazy etc.

How to develop a dynamic character

1. By creating an internal and external conflict

By creating an internal and external conflict, it will create tension in the story.
Internal conflict makes the character to question them and mirror the external conflict that they
are facing. This will make them undergo a change e.g. accidents which may cripple a character
or betrayal which may make a character change from good to evil.

2. Give them an Arc

A good character undergoes change and in this case a dynamic character goes through a series of
change from good to evil.

FOIL CHARACTER

They are mainly used to show contrast in a character and they draw the attention of the viewer to
the qualities of another character mainly because they have contrasting qualities.

How to develop a foil character

1. Give them morality.

This will create a crisis to your Protagonist and will enable one to contrast their qualities and that
of a Protagonist.

2. Make them oppositional

This allows one to explore the subjects, settings and moral gray areas from a wider variety of
perspectives which keeps the reader interested.

This will undermine the Protagonist since their values always clash with those of the foil
character thus drawing the reader’s attention to the contrasting values.

3. By revealing their physical world through details

This could be done through clothing, physical appearance, moral or psychological thinking. It
will show how they relate and will be definitely be different to those of Protagonist.

4. Giving main character foils who contrast.

The contrast between a character and foil throws each strength and weakness into relief
emphasizing their key attributes.

Reference

https://www.masterclass.com/articles/guide-to-all-the-types-of-characters-in-literature#12-
character-archetypes

https://blog.reedsy.com/character-development/
QUESTION 2

Write a television script for news, commercial and a short documentary.

TELEVISION SCRIPT FOR NEWS

TIMING AUDIO VIDEO

00-0.12 MITCHELL AWUOR: M.S

Kenya to hold a constitutional
referendum in the coming
months in county assemblies
in Mt Kenya regions for
example Murang’a, Nyeri,
Kirinyaga and Tharaka nithi.

0.12-1.12 ROSE MARAH; The M.S

lecturers in Moi university
strike and refuse to sign new
contracts over salary delay.
They further demand for a
comprehensive health cover
from the Eldoret based
institution.

1.12-1.42 MITCHELL AWUOR; M.S

Kenya National Examination
Council released the revised
timetables for the National
examinations. All candidates
to undergo rehearsals on
Thursday 26 March 2021.

1.42-2.12 ROSE MARAH; The missing M.S

young lady Caroline Wanjiku
Maina found dead in Kajiado
after being lured and trapped
by her business partner. Her
deceased body was found
with severe physical injuries.
The DCI hunted down the
suspect and his accomplice
and are to be arraigned in
 court for murder.

2.12-2.42 MITCHELL AWUOR; The M.S

Hustler vs. the Dynasty
politics are having rumbles
all the way, with the DP Ruto
and his allies claiming that
it’s time for Kenyan hustlers
to rise on the top.

2.42-3.42 ROESE MARAH;260 people M.S

found positive with Covid-19
from 4,919 samples rising the
number of cases to 104,780.
713 patients have fully
recovered and 2 people have
died.

3.42-4.12 NIMA MOHAMMED; Major M.S

cities like Nairobi and
Kisumu to experience heavy
rainfall and cold conditions
while other parts of the
country especially Garissa,
Mandera and Wajir to
experience harsh climatic
conditions like severe
sunshine.

4.12-6.12 OUMA VINNE; KENYAN M.S

RUGBY; The Shujaa boss
Simiyu aims for an improved
performance in the second
game self where they finished
second in the first series
losing to Argentina. KENYA
PREMIER LEAGUE; Coach
Pinto backs Shakava to shine
at Gor Mahia. He believes
that star Haron Shakava will
bring leadership, experience
and victory to the team.
ENGLISH PREMIER
LEAGUE; Manchester City
sets away wins Champion
 League triumph over
Borussia Monchengladbach.

TV SCRIPT FOR COMMERCIAL

Coca Cola taste the feeling

Spot ID TV:60 SECONDS

VISUALS AUDIO
A man walking to a woman on the counter Man: Coca cola please

The man moves to where the fridge where coca Background sound effects of him opening the
cola bottles are stored fridge.

WIDE SHOT taken Music fading in.

The man sipping on the drink in a salivating Background music fading in
manner.

The man moving to the counter to pay. Sound effects of the footsteps.
MEDIUM SHOT (M.S)

Close up and over the shoulder camera angle of Man: How much please?
the man and woman of the shop talking to Woman: You are lucky its happy hour. You
each other have won another coca cola but you have to
drink it on the counter

Background Coca cola music fading out.

TELEVISION DOCUMENTARY

KENYA (MATRIX TV)

PEOPLE AND POWER

WRITER: OMAR MAALIM

DURATION: 20MINS
 FGM NEW NARRATIVE

TANGLINE: FGM

ON AIR: BILLY OTIENO

EXT

NARRATION VISUAL AUDIO

EVERY SEVEN DAYS, A RECREATED VIDEOS V.O

TOTAL OF 321 GIRLS IN
RURAL AREAS OF
KENYA UNDERGO THE
FEMALE GENDER
MUTILATION(FGM)
FROM THE YEAR 2004
TO 2018. HOWEVER,
THIS GIRLS ARE AGED
BETWWEN 9 YEARS TO
14 YEARS

NOW DESPITE THIS REPORTER NAT

SHOCKING STATISTICS, LONG SHOT(LS)
THE NARRATIVE HAS
BEEN TURNED AND IT FADING TO A CLOSE-UP
IS THE OTHER WAY
ROUND. THE GIRL
CHILD HAS BEEN
ADVOCATED FOR AND
ONLY A MINIMUM OF 10
GIRLS EXPERIENCE
THIS MUTILATION.
TODAY WE VISIT SOME
OF THE AREAS WITH
THE HIGHEST NUMBER
OF THIS CASES. NOW
THIS PLACES HAVE
SOON THE WORST
ATROCITIES OF THIS
ACT BUT SINCE THE
CHANGE OF THE
NARRATIVE SOME OF
THE LOCALS SHOULD
BE ABLE TO ANSWER
SOME OF OUR
QUESTIONS. I AM
TODAY STARTING WITH
A SMALL VILLAGE
OUTSIDE OF KAJIADO
TOWN.

PEOPLE AND POWER INTRODUCTION V.O

WITH BILLY OTIENO +
YOUR FAVOURITE BEATS
INVESTIGATIVE SFX
REPORTER

TO GET ANSWERS TO BIRDS EYE-VIEW OF V.O

OUR LONGSTANDING THE VILLAGE
QUESTIONS WE VISITED
THE VILLAGE OF
SANPEI JUST OUTSIDE
OF KAJIADO TOWN. DID
THE NARRATIVE
REALLY CHANGE? AND
DID THIS PEOPLE
STAND STRONG
AGAINST THE FGM?

“THE SANPEI ANTI-FGM CLOSE-UP BLURRY NAT

WAS FORMED IN 2018 IMAGE OF THE
AUGUST AND THEY TEACHER
WERE KEY TO ALL THE
SOLUTONS FOR THIS
GIRLS AND PERHAPS A
GAME CHANGER FOR
THE WHOLE MASAI
SETTLEMENT. WHAT
THEY DID WAS TO
CREATE AWARENESS
AMONG THE GIRL
CHILD, THEY RALLIED
EVERY WEEK WITH
SCHOOL GIRLS SO THAT
THEY PUT AN END TO
THIS PROBLEM.”

DESPITE BEING MLS V.O

SECRETIVE
COMMUNITY TOWARDS REPORTER AND THE
OUTSIDERS, WE GET A CREW IN A CAR
TIP OFF THAT A GIRL
WHO WAS AVICTIM OF
THE FGM WAS WILLING
TO TALK TO US. ANNE
YIENCHET WAS BRAVE
ENOUGH TO APPEAR ON
CAMERA AND INSISTED
THAT WE DON’T HIDE
HER IDENTITY
BUCAUSE SHE SAID SHE
CAN DIE FOR THE GIRL
CHILDS CAUSE

THE EMOTIONAL MS V.O

WOUNDS STILL VISIBLE
IN HER EYES AND REPORTER
AUDIBLE IN HER VOICE.
ANNE WAS HAPPY
THAT OTHER LOCAL
GIRLS ARE NOT GOING
WHAT SHE WENT
THROUGH 10 YEARS
AGO

“HIZO CUTS ZENYE MS

NILIPIGWA SIJUI KAMA
MSICHANA MWINGINE ANNE YENCHET
ANAWEZA VUMILIA.
MIMI SASA IVI NINA
WATOTO WAWILI NA
NINA MIAKA 19,
NILIKEREKETWA
NIKIWA 9 YEARS.
NABLAME MKORO
WANGU KWA VILE NI
YEYE ALIVAA
KUNIPROTECT NA
HAKUNIPROTECT,
ALINIPEANA
NIKAKEREKETWE.
NITAJITAHIDI
WASICHANA WANGU
WASIWAIPITIA SHIDA
NILILOPITIA.”

AS YENCHET GIVES US UNDER IMAGES V.O

HER STORY SHE
RECEIVES A CALL SECRET CAMERA
TELLING HER THERE
WAS FGM HAPPENING
IN THE HOUSEHOLDS
NEARBY, IT WAS ANNES
YOUNGER SISTER WHO
IS ALSO WORKING
HARD TO ERADICATE
THE FGM IN HER
VILLAGE. WE ARRIVE
TO CHAOTIC SCENES;
THE GIRL HAS
ALREADY BEEN
MUTILATED AND THE
WOMEN OF HER
COMMUNITY WERE
DANCING HAPPILY

AFTER ONE LOCAL LOW ANGLE V.O

NOTICE OUR CAMERA MEDIUM SHOT
MAN, IT WAS HARD FOR
US TO STAY IN THE CREW CAR MOVING
AREA AS IT THE
ATMOSPHERE BECAME
INSECURE AND WE HAD
TO LEAVE. BUT CAR
JOURNEY FOR
ANSWERES WAS NOT
TO END THERE, WE
ENDED TO THE
NORTHERN REGION OF
THE COUNTRY WHERE
FGM IS NOTORIOUSLY
RIFE EVEN IN THIS
CENTURY

PERHAPS THIS IS THE M.S NAT

BEST OF THE WORST
NEWS BECAUSE IT IS REPORTER
BETTER HAVE THAN
 NONE. THE CASE OF
FGM HAVE RAPIDLY
REDUCED AND THAT IS
WHAT THE KENYAN
PEOPLE SHOULD REST
ON BEFORE TAKING
MORE CAUTIOUS STEPS
TO DEAL WITH THIS
MATTER ONCE AND
FOR ALL

UNTIL THE L.M.S NAT

GOVERNMENT FINDS A
RAPID SOLUTION TO REPORTER
THIS LONGSTANDING
PROBLEM IT WILL
ALWAYS BE A BUMP
ALONG THE ROAD FOR
YOUNG KENYAN GIRLS.
I AM YOUR
INVESTIGATIVE
REPORTER BILLY
OTIENO

CONCLUSION THEME SFX

QUESTION 3

Write a radio script for news, commercial and a short documentary

RADIO SCRIPT FOR NEWS.

STATION : DAGASCOS RADIO

AIR TIME: 8:00PM – 8:10PM

DATE OF NEWS CAST: MARCH 24, 2021

Voice Over (V.O): On Dagascos radio 100.3 fm, this is Dagascos news.

ANCHOR: Welcome all to Dagascos radio its your host Billy Otieno and its eight oclock

ANCHOR: President of Tanzania, John Pombe Magufuli is dead. The Tanzanian President
passed on due to heart failure in Nairobi hospital.
ANCHOR: The Kenya Certificate Of Secondary Educations begins on Friday. The candidates
will do their rehearsals on Thursday. Good luck to all candidates.

ANCHOR; Lower turnips for covid 19 vaccine despite the awareness of the third wave of covid
19.Only 45000 people turned up so far to be vaccinated.

ANCHOR: Onto sport news.

ANCHOR: The African cup of nations begins today. Harambee stars will face the Egypt
Pharaohs. Will Wanyama overcome Salah?

ANCHOR: Turkey defeats Netherlands for the world cup qualification match despite
Netherlands being the favorites.

RADIO SCRIPT FOR A COMMERCIAL

Dagascos radio: 60 seconds

BURGER KING NEW DELICIOUS BURGER AT A CHEAPER PRICE

ANCHOR(CINDY): Welcome back to Dagascos radio I am your host Cindy.

ANCHOR(CARL): And I am your host Carl

CARL: Sandy, we are getting a lot of calls today about the fresh new 100/= Cheesy Burger.

SANDY: With two cheesy crasparian onions, and cheesy sauce for only 100/= has taken fans
by surprise.

A RADIO CALLER (JIM): Hallo guys, I just wanted to say Sandy, I took your advice and went
to Burger King, took a one cheesy burger to my surprise for only 100/=. I couldn’t be much
happier.

SANDY: Congratulations Jim Well Jim what did you enjoy about the burger?

JIM: Well I tell you it was very delicious.

CARL; Well Jim don’t forget to mention the price

JIM: Yeah it only costs 100/= only.

V.O: Get the new cheesy burger only at 100/= only at Burger King.

RADIO DOCUMENTARY SCRIPT

2 MINUTES DOCUMENTARY

NARRATION AUDIO
I am standing at Tom Mboya s street at the SOUND EFFECTS OF NAT SOUND
Nairobi CBD. a lot of people have gathered
around the Tom Mboya monument so I decide FOOTSTEPS OF PEOPLE WALKING
to do an investigation of what they are doing,
whereby after a long time of observation, I
realize there are also some street boys who
tend harass the passerby’s with none assisting
the harassed fellow passersby. I tend to probe
further only to realize here is a meeting point
of so many people due to the hugs I see people
giving out to each other. and the street children
also tend to harass since it is the only way
people can come soft to assist them also i
realize this is a place where people have come
to take pictures around the, monument due to
presence of cameramen around name is Billy
Otieno for Dagascos radio and this is my
documentary.