Pengantar Rekayasa

Pertambangan

Introduction
to Mining

Aryanti Virtanti Anas

 Mining Contribution
01 to Civilization

02 Elements of Mining
Various term and Expression Unique to Mining

Development of Mining
03 Technology
Mining Technology from Time to Time
Primary (basic) industries of
human civilization

Agriculture
Mining
Mining for life
 Man’s Uses of Mineral

Ornaments and
Decoration Energy
Jewelry, Cosmetic,
Heat, Power
Dye

Prehistoric Ancient Early Medieval Modern

Tools, Utensil, Currency, Machinery and

and Weapons Structure, Nuclear Fission
and Device
• Food, Shelter Industry, Power,
• Hunting, Defense, Monetary Warfare
Warfare exchange, Shelter,
Transport
Mining
Contribution
to
Civilization
Mining
Contribution
to
Civilization
Mining
Contribution
to
Civilization
 Elements of Mining
Various Term and Expression Unique to Mining

Mining Engineering
The art and science applied to
the processes of mining and the
operation of mines

Mine Mining
An excavation made in the earth The activity, occupation, and industry
to extract minerals Basic Definition concerned with the extraction of minerals
 Elements of Mining
Various Term and Expression Unique to Mining

Terms to Distinguish Various Metal Mined, Geologically

Rocks
An assemblage of mineral

Mineral
A naturally occurring substance, usually organic,
having a definite chemical composition and
distinctive physical characteristics.
 Elements of Mining
Various Term and Expression Unique to Mining

Terms to Distinguish Various Metal

Mined, Economically

Ore
Mineral that has sufficient utility
and value to be extracted at
a profit

Waste or Gangue
Mineral that lacks utility and value
when mined
 Elements of Mining
Various Term and Expression Unique to Mining

Terms to distinguish various materials mined,

when both geologically and Copper ore deposit at Utah, USA
economically involved

Mineral Deposit
Geologic occurrence
of minerals in
relatively
concentrated form

Ore Deposit
Economic occurrence of minerals that
Mineral deposit at Death Valley, can be extracted at a profit
California, USA
 Elements of Mining
Commercials Minerals
Based on primary constituent and usage
Ferrous Metals Base Metals
Iron, Manganese,
Molybdenum, and
Copper, Lead,
Zinc, and Tin
Nonmetallic Ores/Industrial Minerals
Tungsten
Phosphate, Potash, Stone, Sand, Gravel, Sulfur,
Metallic Salt, and Industrial Diamonds

Ores

The Mineral Fuels/Fossil Fuels

Precious Metals Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas, Uranium, Lignite,
Radioactive Metals
Oil Shale, Coalbed Methane
Gold, Silver, and
Platinum Uranium, Thorium,
and Radium
 Elements of Mining
The essence of mining in extracting mineral from the earth is to drive or construct an excavation,
a means of entry, from the existing surface to the mineral deposit.

If the excavation is entirely open to or If the excavation consist of openings for human
operated from the surface, its called entry driven below the surface, then it is an
surface mine underground mine
The specific details of the procedures, layout, and equipment used distinguish the mining method, uniquely determined by the
physical, geologic, environmental, economic, and legal circumstances that prevail
Development of Mining Technology

03
02 Bonze to Iron Age
01 Ancient Egypt (4000 B.C.)
(5000 B.C.)
Metals had to be used in their
Paleolithic native form, obtained by
(450.000 B.C.) washing river gravel in surface
Egyptian devised a revolutionary
placer deposit.
technique with heat to expand
Old Stone Age
rock and water to cool, contract,
Extracted flint from the earth and With the advent of bronze and
shape them with crude fabricating and break it, termed fire
iron ages, man discovered
technique setting.
smelting and learned to reduce
ores to native metal or alloy
New Stone Age form
Underground mining in systematic
opening 0.6-0.9 height and over 9 m in
depth
Chronological Development of Mining Technology
Date Event
450.000 B.C. First mining (at surface) by paleolithic man for stone implements
40.000 Surface mining progresses underground, in Swaziland, Africa
30.000 Fired clay pots use in Czechoslovakia
18.000 Possible use of gold and copper in native form
5000 Fire setting, used by Egyptians to break rock
4000 Early used of fabricated metals, start on Bronze Age
3400 First recorded mining, of turquoise by Egyptians in SInai
3000 Probable first smelting, of copper with coal by Chinese; First use of iron implements by
Egyptians
2000 Earliest known gold artifacts in new world, in Peru
1000 Steel used by Greeks
A.D 100 Thriving Roman mining industry
122 Coal used by Romans in Great Britain
1185 Edict by bishop of Trent gives rights to miners
Chronological Development of Mining Technology
Date Event
1524 First recorded mining in New World, by Spaniards in Cuba
1550 First use of lift pump at Joachimatal, Czechoslovakia
1556 First mining technical work, De Re Metallica, published in Germany by Georgius Agricola
1585 Discovery of iron ore in North America.
1600s Mining commences in eastern United States (Iron, Coal, Lead, Gold)
1627 Explosive first used in European mines, in Hungary
1646 First blast furnace installed in North America
1716 First school of mine established at Czechoslovakia
1780 Beginning of industrial revolution; pumps first modern machine used in mines
1800s Mining progresses in United States
1815 Sir Humphrey Davy invented miner’s safety lamp in England
1855 Bessemer steel process first used in England
1867 Dynamite invented by Nobel, applied to mining
1903 Era of mechanization and mass production open in US mining with development of first low grad
copper-porphyry in Utah.
Mining Technology Nowadays

Mining Innovation for the Industry 4.0

Fleet
Management
System

Source:
Wencomine.com
 Mining
Technology
Nowadays

Source:
cranemarket.com
Resources People
Automation Control Room Supervisor

Real-Time Coordination of Automation operations

23
Resources People
Auto Driller

Operates automated RIGS from control room

24
Resources People
Operator Stations

Operator on work station in control room

25
Resources
Equipment

2 x Loader LH517 5 x Trucks TH663i

2 x LVs 3 x Longhole Rig DL421 26

27

Onboard navigation system

MAIN FUNCTIONS
• Navigation
• Positioning
• Speed control
• Steering control
• Error/fault diagnostics
28

AutoMine® Onboard automation package

TH551i & TH663i
Rear Scanner, Camera
& • Compact Package
Wi-Fi Antenna
• InfraFREE® Automated
GPS Antennas
Navigation System
Main AutoMine
Enclosure • Teleoperation Video Cameras
• Wi-Fi Communication
Wi-Fi Antenna • ACS Onboard Safety Module

Camera
• Integrated Automation
• Machine Design
• SICA Control System

Box Angle Sensor Mode Switch

Articulation Sensor Front Scanner

& Camera
Speed Sensor
Mode Lights
Camera
29

AutoMine® Onboard automation package

LOADERS (DIESEL & SINGLE MAIN BOX)
Rear Scanner, Mode Light • Compact Package
& Camera
Wi-Fi Antennas
• InfraFREETM Automated
Main AutoMine™
Enclosure
Navigation System
Camera
• Teleoperation Video Cameras
Front Scanner • Wi-Fi Communication
& Camera
• ACS Onboard Safety Module
Articulation Sensor
• Integrated Automation
• Machine Design
• VCM Control System

Mode Switch

Camera

Boom Sensor
(Optional in Tele-Remote)
Bucket Sensor
(Optional in Tele-Remote)

Note: The picture is for diesel loaders with the single main enclosure design. The exact layout
of the components depends on the loader model, and also distributed designs are available.
 Terima kasih
Pendidikan itu membangun untuk menggunakan kecerdasan, bukan untuk
menjadi ahli hafalan. Maka rajinlah dan sabarlah.
-Mario Teguh-