fld; xg;ge;jk;

----------------------------------------------------------------------; Njjp ,e;j fld; xg;ge;jk; jpUthsh;fs; ,e;J[h

Nyyz;l; igdhd;]; ypl;> (fk;ngdp; rl;lk; 1956 fPo; gjpT nra;ag;gl;lJ)> vz;.1> rh;jhh;
gl;Nly; rhiy> fpz;b> nrd;id-600 032-,y; gjpT mYtykhf nfhz;Lk;> vz;. 27A,
nltyg;L ,d;l];l;hpay; v];Nll;> nrd;id-600 032-,y; fhh;g;gNul; mYtyfkhf
nfhz;Lk; ----------------------------------------------------------khepy mYtykhf nfhz;L ,aq;fp tUfpwJ.
,th; ,q;F fld; nfhLg;gth; vd;Wk; mr;nrhy; mth;fSila njhlh;r;rpahsh;fs; kw;Wk;
mq;ff
P hpf;fg;gl;lth;fisf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,th;fs; ,q;F Kjy; ghh;bahth;.

kw;Wk;

-----------------------------------------; ,e;jpa Fbkfd;> chpikahsh; $l;L epWtdk; / jdpahh; epWtdk;

,e;jpa $l;L epWtd rl;lk; 1932 / ,e;jpa fk;ngdp rl;lk; 1956-,d; fPo; gjpT
nra;ag;gl;lJ. FbapUg;G / gpujhd mYtyfk; / -------------------------------------------; cs;sJ. ,th;
,q;F fld; ngWgth; vd;Wk; ,r;nrhy; mth;fSila njhlh;r;rpahsh;fs;>
rl;lg;gpujpepjpfs;> thhpRfs;> mKyhf;fh;fs;> eph;thf];jh;fs; kw;Wk; mq;ff P hpf;fg;
gl;lth;fisf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,th;fs; ,q;F 2-tJ ghh;bahth;.

mg;gbapUf;f

m) fld; ngWgth; ------------------------------- vd;W milahsk; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;L jd; nrhe;j

cgNahfj;jpw;fhf nrhj;ij thq;f KbT nra;J mjw;f;fhf fld; nfhLg;gtiu mZfp
jdf;F &.-----------------------------/- (&gha;--------------------------) nrhj;J thq;Ftjw;fhf fld;
nfhLf;FkhW Ntz;b> me;j nrhj;J fPNo nrhj;J tptuj;jpy; tptukhf
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

M) fld; ngWgtUk; mj;jhl;rp mspg;gtUk; nfhLj;j cj;jputhjjpd; Nghpy; fld;

nfhLg;gth;> fld; ngWgtUf;F fPo;fz;l rl;l jpl;lq;fSF cl;gl;L fld; nfhLf;f
rk;kjpf;fpwhh;.

rl;ljpl;lq;fs;:

1.1 ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpy; $wg;gl;litfSf;F gpd;tUkhW nghUs; nfhs;Sjy;:

 m) Kjy; ml;ltiz kw;Wk; 2-tJ ml;ltiz vd;gJ ,e;j xg;ge;jjpy; cs;s
Kjy; ml;ltiz kw;Wk; 2-tJ ml;ltiziaf; Fwpf;Fk;.
M) fld; vd;gJ ,e;j xg;ge;jk; kw;Wk; Kjy; ml;ltizapy; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s
epge;jid 2.1-,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lit MFk;.
,) jpUg;gp nrYj;Jjy; vd;gJ ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpy; fz;l epge;jidg;gb Kjy;> tl;b
kw;Wk; ,ju fl;lzq;fs; Mfpait epge;jid 2.9-,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lit MFk;.
<) Kd;ghf nrYj;JtJ vd;gJ fld; nfhLg;gt;h tpjpj;Js;s epge;jidfs; gb fhy
nfLTf;Fs; jpUg;gp nrYj;Jjy; MFk;. NkYk; jpUg;gp nrYj;Jk; NghJ cs;s
epge;jidg;gb nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.
c) nrhj;J vd;gJ thfdNkh my;yJ ,ae;jpuNkh MFk;. mij thq;Ftjw;fhf
fld; toq;Fgth; xg;Gf; nfhz;L mjw;fhf fld; ngWgth; me;j nrhj;ij
mlkhdkhf fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
C) tl;b kw;Wk; tpfpjk; vd;gJ xg;ge;jj;jpd; gj;jp 2.2-,y; nrhy;ypAs;s tl;b
tpfpjkhFk;.
v) jtiz vd;gJ 2-tJ ml;ltizapy; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;s khjhe;jpu njhifia
nrYj;JtjhFk;. mjd; %yk; fld; njhifia tl;bAld; Nrh;j;J fld; ngWgth;
mlkhd fhyj;jpw;Fs; nrYj;JtjhFk;.
V) Kd; Njjpapl;l fhNrhiy vd;gJ fld; ngWgtuhy; nrYj;jg;gLk; jtizj;
njhiff;fhf fld; nfhLj;jtUf;F Kd; Njjpapl;l fhNrhiyia fld; nfhLg;gth;
ngahpy; xt;nthU jtiz nrYj;jg;gLk; ehSf;F nghUe;Jtjhf nfhLg;gjhFk;.

1.2 fld; ngWgth; vd;gJ fld; ngWgtiuf; Fwpf;Fk;. fld; ngWgth; gyuhf
,Ug;gpd; fld; nghWg;G midtiuAk; Fwpf;Fk;. mNj Nghy; cj;jputhjk; mspg;gth;
midtiuAk; Fwpf;Fk;.

1.3 rl;ljpl;lq;fSk; $w;Wf;fSk; ,q;Nf Fwpg;ghf nrhy;yg;gltpy;iy vd;why; mit

n[duy; fpsh]]; Mf;l; 1897 gb tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,q;Nf Fwpg;ghf nrhy;yg;glhj
$w;Wf;fSk;> nrhw;wlh;fSk; ,lj;jpw;F jf;fthW n[duy; fpsh]]; rl;lgb nghUs;
nfhs;sg;gLk;;.

1.4 vy;yh nghUs;fSk; xUikapy; nrhy;yg;gl;bUe;jhy; mit Njitg;gLk; ,lq;fspy;

gd;ikahf vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mNj Nghy; ghypdq;fSk; khw;wpf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;.

fld;> tl;b:-

fld; njhif kw;Wk; jtizf; fhyk;>

2.1 (m) fld; nfhLg;gth;> fld; ngWgtUf;F ml;ltizapy; $wg;gl;bUf;Fk; nrhj;ij
thq;Ftjw;fhf> Kjy; ml;ltizapy; nrhy;yg;gl;l njhifia ,t;nthg;ge;jj;jpy;
$wg;gl;l epge;jidfSf;F cl;gl;L fld; mspj;Js;shh;.

(M) ,t;nthg;ge;jj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s fldhdJ Kjy; ml;ltizapy; $wg;gl;l

fhyj;jpw;Fs;Sk;> ,uz;lhtJ ml;ltizapy; $wg;gl;Ls;s Njjpfspy; nrYj;jg;gl
Ntz;baJ.

2.2 tl;b:

tl;b tpfpjq;fs; Kjy; ml;ltizapy; $wg;gl;Ls;sthW tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

tl;bahdJ xt;nthU khjKk; $l;L tl;b tpfpjj;jpy; epYitapy; cs;s njhiff;F
fzf;fplg;gLk;. epYit njhifahdJ fld; ghf;fp> fl;lzq;fs;> mguhjq;fs;>
nryTfs; midj;jpd; kPJk; fzf;fplg;gLk;.

2.3 (m) Kjy; ml;ltizapy; nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;Fk; tl;b tpfpjk; ,e;j fld; KbAk; tiu
epiyahf ,Uf;Fk;. Hprh;t; tq;fp my;yJ rPh;jpUj;j Jiw mt;tg;nghOJ gzr;
re;ijapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jpw;F Vw;g ,e;j tl;b tpfpjKk; khWk;. mj;jUzq;fspy; Kjy;
ml;ltizapy; nrhy;yg;gl;bUg;gijj; jtpu fld; ngWgth; khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;l tl;bia
nrYj;j xg;Gf; nfhs;fpwhh;. mt;thW khw;wp mikf;fg;gl;l tl;bahdJ ,e;j
xg;ge;jj;jhy; nrhy;yg;gl;l tl;bahf fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

M) fld; ngWgth;> fld; nfhLj;jthplk; ,Ue;J jpUk;gpg; ngwNth my;yJ

nfhLf;fNth my;yJ fld; nfhLj;jth; kj;jpa khepy murhq;fj;jpw;F nrYj;Jk; my;yJ
nrYj;jg;gl;l njhiffSf;F Vw;wthW tl;b tpjpf;fg;gLk;. kj;jpa> khepy muRfs;
rl;lj;jpy; VjhtJ khw;wq;fs; nra;jhy; my;yJ Gjpa rl;lq;fs; ,aw;wp mKYf;F
nfhz;Lte;jhy; ,e;j jpUk;gpg; ngwg;gLk; my;yJ nrYj;jg;gLk; njhifia fld;
ngWgth;> fld; nfhLj;jth; Nfl;fg;gLk; nghOJ jpUg;gp nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

2.4 fld; toq;Fk; Kiw

kj;jpa> khepy muRfshy; tl;bfspd; Nky; tpjpf;fg;gLk; thpfis fld;

nfhLj;jth; muRf;F nrYj;Jk; gl;rj;jpy;> fld; ngWgth; fld; nfhLj;jtUf; mtw;iw
jpUg;gp nfhLf;f flikg;gl;lth.; fld; ngWgtUf;F fld; nfhLg;gth; fld; njhifia
tpepNahfpf;Fk; Kiwia Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. ,Ug;gpDk; fld; nfhLg;gthpd; KbNt
flid nfhLf;Fk; Kiwapy; ,WjpahdjhFk;. Gjpa thfdk; thq;Ftjw;fhf fld;
,Ug;gpd; me;jf; flid nfhLg;gth; Nehpilahf jahhpg;ghsh;fsplNkh my;yJ tpw;gid
ahsh;fsplNkh nfhLg;gh;. mJ fld; nfhLg;gth; fld; ngWgUf;F nfhLj;jjhf fUjg;gl
Ntz;Lk;. cgNahfpf;fg; gl;l nrhj;Jf;fis thq;Fk; NghJ flid nfhLf;Fk; Kiwia
fld; nfhLg;gth; jhd; eph;zapg;ghh;. mjhtJ Nehpilahf nrhe;jf;fhuhplNkh my;yJ
tpw;gidahshplNkh my;yJ fld; thq;FgthplNkh fld; nfhLg;gth; nfhLf;fyhk;.

2.5 fld; nfhLf;Fk; Kiw

vy;yh fld; njhiffSk; fld; nfhLg;gth; fld; ngWgtUf;F ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd;

fPo; fz;l epge;jidfs; gb nrYj;Jthh;. Mij Nfhbl;l fhNrhiyahfNth my;yJ
fzf;F itg;G fhNrhiyahfNth> Nfl;G fhNrhiyahfNth Rygkhf xg;Gf; nfhs;sg;gLk;
Kiwapy; (,e;jpa tq;fp Kiw) fld; nfhLg;gthpd; tpUg;gk; Nghy; nfhLf;fg;gLk;.
fl;lzq;fs; my;yJ kw;w nryTfis mjhtJ fhNrhiyf;fhd fl;lzq;fs; Mfpait
fld; ngWgthpd; nryNt MFk;. Mit fhNrhiy kw;Wk; fhyj;ijg; nghUj;jJ.

2.6 fld; toq;Ftjpy; epge;jid

fld; nfhLg;gth; fld; ngWgtUf;F Xh; mwptpg;G %yk; fld; tpepNahfpg;gij

uj;J nra;aNth epWj;jp itf;fNth my;yJ NkYk; nfhLf;fNth mjpfhuk; gilj;jth;.

2.7 fzf;Fg; gl;bay; my;yJ epYitj; njhifia cWjp gLj;Jjy;

Xt;nthU tUlKk; khh;rR; khjk; 31Mk; Njjp fld; nfhLg;gth; fld; ngWgtUf;F
fzf;Fg; gl;bay; mDg;Gthh;. mjpy; epYit njhif> tl;b ngw;wJ Kjypait Fwpf;fg;
gl;bUf;Fk;. fld; ngWgth; me;j fzf;Fg; gl;baiy khh;r;R 31 Mk; Njjp ngwhtpl;lhy;
15 ehl;fSf;Fs; njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjpy; cs;s Kuz;ghLfis 15 ehl;fSf;Fs;
Fwpg;gplNtz;Lk;. ,e;j fld; gl;baiy rhd;wpl;l jghy; %yk; mDg;g Ntz;Lk;. mij
fld; ngWgth; ngw;W ,q;F nrhy;yg;gl;litfSf;F vjph; kiwahf ,Ue;jhYk; mjpy;
fz;l njhif rhp vd;Wk;> kPjj; njhif Nghd;witAk; rhp vd;W xg;Gf;
nfhs;sg;gl;ljhFk;.

2.8 nray;Kiw fl;lzq;fs;

fld; ngWth; Kjy; ml;ltizapy; nrhy;ypagb nray; Kiw fl;lzq;fis

fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F kDit rkh;g;gpf;Fk; NghJ kDf;fl;lzk;> nray;Kiwf; fl;lzk;
Mfpait nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. fld; ngWgth; jdf;F fld; Ntz;Lk; vd;W KbT
nra;jhy; (flid mq;fPfhpg;gjw;F Kd;ghf my;yJ mq;ff P hpg;G fbjk; nfhLg;gjw;F
Kd;ghf) ,Ue;jhy; kl;LNk mg;gzk; jpUg;gp nfhLf;fg;gLk;.

2.9 flid jpUg;gp nrYj;Jjy;

1) fld; ngw;wth; flidAk; tl;biaAk;> jtiz Kiwapy; jpUg;gp nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

jtizj; njhif ehs;> jtiz vz;zpf;if Mfpaitfs; 2-tJ ml;ltizapy;
tpthpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,e;j jpUg;gp nrYj;Jk; njhif> tl;bj; njhifia fld;
nfhLg;gthpd; chpikia ghjpf;fhky; ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; fPo; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;>
jtizj; njhifia eph;zapj;jy; Nghd;wit fld; nfhLg;gthpd; chpikia ghjpf;fhky;
,e;j 2-tJ ml;ltizapy; tpthpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; jtiz njhifahdJ fld;
nfhLg;gthpd; ,t;nthg;ge;jj;jpd; gb KO njhifiaAk; NfhUk; chpikia
vt;tpjj;jpYk; ghjpf;fhJ. NkYk; ,j;jtiz njhifia khw;wp fzf;fpLk; chpik
fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F cz;L. mt;thW khw;wp mikf;fg;gl;l jtiz njhifiaAk; fld;
ngWgth; nrYj;j flikgl;lth;> eph;zapf;fg;gLk; jtizj; njhif> tl;b Mfpait
ve;jj; jUthapYk; t#ypf;fg;gLk;.

2) fhyNk ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; Kf;fpa epge;jid MFk; vd;W fld; ngWgtUk;

cj;jputhjk; mspg;gtUk; xg;Gf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;.

3) jtizj; njhifia nrYj;Jk; ehs; Kjy; njhlh;e;J nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,ilapy;

nrhj;ij fld; ngWgthplk; jahhpg;ghsh; xg;gilf;fhtpl;lhYk; my;yJ VjhtJ
jfuhWfis fld; ngWgth; vjph; Nehf;f Nehpl;lhYk;> jil nra;ag;gl;lhYk;> VjhtJ
Gfhh;fs;> Fiwfs; Vw;gl;lhYk;> jahhpg;ghsUld; jfuhWfs; Vw;g;llhYk;> nrhj;ij
nfhLj;jhYk;> nfhLf;fhtpl;lhYk;> jtizj; njhifia njhlh;e;J nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

4) chpa ehspy; jtizj; njhifia nrYj;Jk; gb mwptpg;Ngh> kW mwptpg;Ngh

nra;ahtpl;lhYk; chpa ehspy; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. xOq;fhf> Kiwahf jtizj;
njhifia nrYj;JtJ Fwpj;J fld; ngWgth; cj;jputhjk; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

5) ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; fPo; fld; nfhLg;gthpd; chpik ghjpf;fg;glhky; rl;lg;gb nra;a

Ntz;Lk;. VjhtJ xU jtizj; njhif fhy jhkjkhf nfhLf;f Nehpl;lhy;
mj;jUzj;jpd; mj;njhif kPJ $Ljy; tl;b t#ypf;f Kjy; ml;ltizapy;
nrhy;ypagb fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F chpikAz;L. mNj Nghy; mry; njhifiaAk;>
tl;biaAk; jtwhf nrYj;jpdhy; mg;nghOJk; ,t;thW t#ypf;;fg;gLk;. ,t;thW
nrYj;jhj njhif Fwpj;J fld; nfhLg;gth; jfuhW nra;a chpik cz;L. mij ,e;j
xg;ge;jj;jpd; 23-tJ epge;jidapy; nrhy;ypagb xU eLtUf;F njhpag;gLj;jyhk;.

NkNy nrhd;d $Ljy; fl;lzk; Kiwahf nrYj;jg;gLk; njhifia ghjpf;ff;

$lhJ. ,J fld; nfhLf;f xU Kf;fpa epge;jid MFk;.

6) ghf;fpj; njhif kw;Wk; tl;b fzf;fPL Fwpj;J jfuhW vOg;gg;gl;lhy; mj;jUzj;jpy;

fld; ngWgth; jhd; nrYj;Jk; jtizj; njhifia epWj;jp itf;ff; $lhJ.

2.10. jtizj; njhif nrYj;Jk; Kiw

1) ,e;j jpUg;gp nrYj;jk; njhifia gpd; Njjpapl;l fhNrhiy %yk; my;yJ gzkhf
my;yJ Nfl;Gf; fhNrhiy %ykhf my;yJ xj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; fld; ngWgth;
nrYj;jyhk;> NtW topapYk; njhifia ,e;jpa tq;fpfs; Kiwg;gb Fwpg;gpl;l ehspy; 2-
tJ ml;ltizapy; tpthpj;jg;gb ngah; khw;wk; nra;ayhk;. ,e;j jpUg;gp nrYj;jk; Kiw
nrhj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhYk; ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; 2-tJ ml;ltizapy;
tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jf; flid nfhLg;gjw;F jpUg;gp nrYj;Jk; ml;ltiz xU
Kf;fpakhd epge;jid vd;gjid fld; ngWgth; xg;Gf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

2) fld; ngWgth; gpd; Njjpapl;l fhNrhiy kw;Wk; fhg;gL P fhNrhiy tq;fpapy;

nrYj;Jtjw;F Kd; ve;jtpj mwptpg;Ngh kW mwptpg;Ngh jftNyh nfhLf;fg;gl khl;lhJ.

3) epge;jid 2.10 –V gb fld; ngWgth; xd;Nwh my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;g;ll gpd;

Njjpapl;l fhNrhiyiaf; fld; nfhLg;gthplk; nfhLj;j gpd;>

m) fld; nfhLg;gth; jd; trk; fhNrhiy ,Uf;Fk; NghJ mijj; njhiyj;jhNyh>

mopj;jhNyh> ifkhw;wp itj;J tpl;lhNyh

M) fhNrhiyia ifnag;gk; ,Lgth; / ,Lgth;fs; ,wg;gpdhy; gzkhf;f Kbahky;

NghdhNyh> nehbj;Jg; NghdhNyh> uj;J nra;ag;gl;lhNyh> ,e;j nra;jpia fld;
ngWgtUf;F njhptpj;jTld; mth; mt;thW njhiyf;fg;gl;l fhNrhiyf;Fg; gjpyhf
NtW fhNrhiy nfhLj;J mij gzkhf;f Kbahky; NghdhNyh my;yJ epge;jid 2.10
(rp) (ii) -,y; nrhy;ypa fhuzq;fspdhy; fhNrhiyia fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F nfhLj;J
njhiyf;fg;gl;l fhNrhiy njhifia rhp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

4) ,jd; %yk; xj;Jf; nfhs;tJ vd;dntd;why;> fhNrhiy fld; nfhLg;gtuhy;

tq;fpapy; nrYj;jg;glhky; ,Ue;jhy; mJ fld; nfhLg;gthpd; chpikia ve;j
tpjj;jpYk; ghjpf;fhJ. fhNrhiyia khw;Wk; NghJ MFk; fhy jhkjk;> gOJ>
njhiyj;J tpLjy; Mfpait ve;j tpjj;jpYk; fld; nfhLg;gtiu ghjpf;fhJ.
(Vw;nfdNt fld; ngWgth; nfhLj;jpUe;jhy; my;yJ NtW fhuzq;fs; ,Ue;jhYk;
tq;fpapy; nrYj;jg;gl;l fhNrhiy> tq;fpahy; fhNrhiy ,fo;Tf;fhf jpUg;gp mDg;g
gl;lhy;

5) fld; nfhLg;gthpd; chpikfs; kw;Wk; ghpfhuq;fis ghjpf;fhj tz;zk; fld;

ngWgth; xU Fwpg;gpl;l njhifia Kjy; ml;ltizapy; nrhy;ypagb nrYj;j
Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW ,fo;T nra;ag;gl;l fhNrhiyia kPz;Lk; rkh;g;gpf;Fk; NghJ
mjw;fhf Kjy; ml;ltizapy; nrhy;ypagb NkYk; fl;lzk; t#ypf;fg;gLk;. ,e;j
fhNrhiy ,fo;Tf;fhf t#ypf;fg;gLk; fl;lzk; Kjy; ml;ltizapy;
tpthpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,t;thwhf ,fo;thd fhNrhiyf;fhf t#ypf;fg;gLk; fl;lzk;
vt;tifapYk; fld; nfhLg;gtiu neNfh\pay; ,d;];&nkz;l; rl;lk; 1881
(mt;tg;nghOJ jpUj;jg;gl;l rl;lg;gb) ghjpf;fhj tz;zk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

6) Nkw;nrhd;d fl;lzq;fs; Kjy; ml;ltizapy; nrhy;ypagb t#ypf;fg;gJ fld;

nfhLg;gthpd; tpUg;gNk ,WjpahFk;. Kjy; ml;ltizapy; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;s Nkw;nrhd;d
fl;lzq;fis khw;wpaikg;gjw;F fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F KO mjpfhuk; cz;L. fld;
nfhLg;gthpd; KbNt ,jpy; ,WjpahdJ.

2.11 jtizj; njhifia khw;Wjy; my;yJ kW ml;ltiz ,Ljy;

fld; nfhLg;gth; jd; tpUg;gg;gb jtizj; njhiffis Ntz;bagb khw;whyhk;.

mij fld; ngWgth; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. fld; nfhLg;gth; mt;thwhf nra;Ak;
khw;wq;fis fld; ngWgtUf;F njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

2.12 fld; ngWgth; kw;Wk; cj;jputhjk; mspg;gthpd; nghWg;Gfs;

cj;jputhjk; mspg;gthpd; nghWg;Gfs; jdpj;Jk;> Nrh;e;Jk; ,Uf;Fk;. cj;jputhjk;

mspg;gthpd; nghWg;G vd;dntd;why; mth; flidAk; tl;biaAk; Nrh;j;J nrYj;j
Ntz;Lk;. xg;ge;jj;jpd; epge;jidfis filgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. fld; ngWgth; Vw;gLj;Jk;
kw;w xg;ge;jq;fs; Mtzq;fs; mtw;iwAk; fld; nfhLg;gtUld; Nrh;j;J gpd;gw;w
Ntz;Lk;. fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F fld; thq;Fgth;> cj;jputhjk; mspg;gth; Mfpa ,Uth;
kPJk; $l;lhfNth my;yJ jdpj;jdpahNth my;yJ xUth; kPJ kl;LNkh fld;
njhifia t#ypf;f eltbf;if vLf;f KbT nra;ayhk;.

3.0 ghJfhg;G

3.1 fld; nfhLg;gth;> fld; ngWgtUf;F fld; nfhLf;f rpy epge;jidfSf;F cl;gl;L
xg;Gf; nfhz;L ,Ug;gjhy;> fld; ngWgth; nrhj;ijAk; mjd; cjphpfisAk; mlkhdk;
itf;f xg;Gf; nfhz;Ls;shh;. NkYk; cjphpfis khw;w gOJ ghh;f;f GJg;gpf;f Kjy;
ml;ltizapy; nrhy;ypagb ,e;j flid ngw;W nra;a fld; ngWgth; xg;Gf;
nfhs;fpwhh;. mjw;fhf xU uj;J nra;a Kbahj mjpfhug; gj;jpuj;ij fld; nfhLg;gth;
ngaUf;F vOjp nfhLf;f rk;kjpf;fpwhh;. mJ ,jDld; ,izf;fg;g;lLs;sJ. NkYk;
fld; ngWgth; Njitahd Mtzq;fis my;yJ Mtzj;ij vOjpf; nfhLf;fTk;>
mjhtJ ,e;j flid cWjpgLj;Jk; tifapy; nra;a rk;kjpf;fpwhh;.

3.2 ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpLk; ehspy; my;yJ nrhj;ij ngWk; ehspy; vJ

rPf;fpuNkh me;j ehspy; mlkhdk; Jtq;Fk;.

3.3 ,e;j mlkhdk; epge;jid 3.1 -,y; nrhy;ypagb Vw;gLj;jg;gl;L mJ ,e;j

flDf;fhfTk;> flid jpUg;gp nrYj;Jtjw;fhfTk;> ghJfhg;gpw;fhf itf;fg;gLfpwJ.
NkYk;> ,e;j mlkhdk; fld; ngWgth; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba tl;b mry; Mfpatw;Wf;fhf
ghJfhg;G Vw;gLk; tifapy; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. mlkhdk; nra;ag;gl;l nrhj;J mr;nrhj;jpd;
cjphp ghfq;fs;> khw;wg;gl;l ghfq;fs;> mjd; Nky; Nrh;f;fg;gl;Ls;s (my;yJ) Nrh;f;fg;gl
Nghfpd;w midj;Jk; mlkhdk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

3.4 ,e;j mlkhdk; fld; nfhLg;gth; flid KOikahf ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljhf rhd;wpjo;
toq;Fk; tiuapy; mKypy; ,Uf;Fk;. mJ fld; thq;Fgth; jpthy; MFjy;> cly; eyk;
ghjpg;G> %is ghjpg;G Mfpaitfspdhy; Kbahky; NghdhNyh> NtW epWtdq;fNshL
Nrh;f;fg;g;llhNyh> eph;thfj;ij NtW egh; vLj;J elj;jpdhNyh> epWtdj;ij muRilik
nra;jhNyh ,e;j mlkhdk; njhlh;e ; ;J ,Uf;Fk;.

3.5 xUNtis nrhj;jpd; cilikia fld; ngWgth; milahtpl;lhNyh my;yJ ,e;j

xg;ge;j ehspy; mth; ngaUf;F gjpT nra;ahtpl;lhNyh mj; jUzj;jpy; mij fld;
ngWgth;> fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F vOj;J %ykhf njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. xU thuj;jpw;Fs;
nrhj;J gjpT nra;ag;gl;L cilik xg;gilf;fg;gl;lhy; mjd; tptuq;fs; ml;lizapd;
xU gFjpahFk;. ,e;j xg;ge;jk; mKYf;F tUk; ehspy; nrhj;jpd; tptuk; my;yJ mjd;
xU gFjp fpilf;fhtpl;lhNyh mj; jUzj;jpy; ,e;j mlkhdk; mKYf;F tuhJ
nry;yhJ.

3.6 fld; ngWgth; thfdj;ij my;yJ nrhj;ij mjpfhhpfs; eph;zapf;Fk; fhyj;jpw;Fs;

gjpT nra;J mjd; gjpT rhd;wpjopd; efiyAk;> fhg;glP ;ilAk; clNd xg;gilf;f
Ntz;Lk;.

3.7 fld; ngWgth; nrhj;jpd; KO tptuKk; jdf;F njhpAk; vd;W cWjp nra;fpwhh;.

3.8 fld; ngWgth; mry; fld; njhiff;fhfTk; tl;bf;fhfTk; xU gpuhkprhp Nehl;il

<Lfhl;Ltjw;fhf Vw;gLj;jpj; juNtz;Lk;.

3.9 fld; ngWgth; $Ljy; ghJfhg;Gk;> $Ljy; cj;jputhjKk; 3-Mk; eghplk; ,Ue;J
fld; nfhLg;gth; nrhy;Yk; gb nra;J juNtz;Lk;. ,t;tp\aj;jpy; fld; ngWgth;
$Ljy; cj;jputhjk; Vw;gLj;J mjw;fhf xU xg;ge;jk;> Mtzk;> mjpfhug; gj;jpuk;
Mfpaitfis fld; nfhLg;gthpd; Njitf;fhf Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. fld;
ngWgth; xg;ge;jq;fs;> cj;jputhjq;fs;> Mtzq;fis ,e;j fld; xg;ge;jk; KbAk;
tiu/Koj; njhifiaAk; nrYj;Jk; tiuapy; uj;J nra;af; $lhJ. NkYk; fld;
nfhLg;gth; KOj; njhifAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljhf rhd;wpjo; toq;Fk; tiuapy; ve;j
Mtzq;fisAk; uj;J nra;af; $lhJ.

4.0 njhiffis tuT itj;jy;

 fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F> fld; ngWgth; ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; gb nrYj;Jk;
njhiffis vg;gb Ntz;LkhdhYk; tuT itj;J nfhs;s chpikAz;L. mit

1). fhg;gL
P njhif

2). nryTj; njhiff; fl;lzq;fs; kw;Wk; njhiffs;

3). tl;b fl;lzq;fs; nryTfs; kw;Wk; njhiffs;

4). gzpf;fl;lzq;fs;

5). tl;b> $Ljy; tl;b ,e;j fld; xg;ge;jj;jpd; epge;jidg;gb nrYj;Jk; njhif

6). ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; gb mrYf;fhf nrYj;jg;gLk; jtizj; njhiffs;

7). rl;l eltbf;iffs; vLf;f MFk; nryTfs;

5.0 fld; ngWgthpd; gq;fspg;G nrhj;jpw;fhf MFk; nryTfs;

fld; nfhLg;gth; fld; njhifia nfhLg;gjw;F Kd;G fld; ngWgth;

cw;gj;jpahsUf;F nrYj;jpa njhif Fwpj;J urPJfs;;> gpuNghh;kh ,d;tha;]; kw;Wk;
vy;yhtpj Mtzq;fisAk rkh;gpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

6.0 gzg;gl;Lthlh nra;Ak; epge;jidfs;

6.1 ,e;j fld; xg;ge;jj;jpd; fPo; gzk; nfhLg;gth;> gzk; gl;Lthlh nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba
flikahdJ> fPNo Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s epge;jidfs; mDrhpf;fg;gl;l gpd; vOk;.

m) fld; ngWgth; cj;jputhjk; Vw;gLj;jp cj;jputhjk; mspg;gth; kw;Wk; gpuhkprhp

Nehl;L nfhLj;jy; kw;w Njitahd Mtzq;fis nrhy;ypagb nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

M) fld; ngWgth; ve;jtpj jtWk; (bghy;l); ,y;yhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,) fld; ngWgth; ve;j xU #o;epiyia mtuhy; ,e;j xg;ge;jj;ij KOikahf

filgpbf;f Kbahj tifapy; Vw;gLj;jf; $lhJ.

7.0 fld; ngWgthpd; $w;W.

fld; ngWgth; $WtjhtJ

7.1 fld; ngWtUf;F ,e;j xg;g;ejj;ij vOjpf; nfhLf;f rl;lg;gb jFjpAs;sJ. ,e;j
xg;ge;jj;ij vOjp nfhLf;fTk;> epge;jidfis epiwNtw;wTk; fld; ngWgtiu ve;j
topapYk; jLf;fNth> rl;lj;jpd; fPNoh jPh;g;Gfs;> jPh;g;ghizfs;> Ml;rpapy; cs;s
xg;ge;jq;fs; Mfpaitfspd; fPNoh> jilnra;a gltpy;iy. ,e;j xg;ge;jk; vOjpf;
nfhs;tjhy;> mJ rl;lg;gb fld; ngWgtiu fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; NkYk; mtUf;F vjpuhf ,e;j
xg;ge;jk; nray;gLk;. fld; ngWgth; epWtdkhf ,Ue;jhy;> mth; ,e;j rl;l Kiwg;gb
mikf;fgl;lth; vd;Wk; xg;ge;jj;jpy; xU jug;gpduhf ,Ug;gjhy; mth; rl;lg;gb ,e;j
xg;ge;jj;ij Vw;gLj;j rf;jp gilj;jtuhf cs;shh; vd;Wk; $Wfpwhh;.

7.2 mlkhdk; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s nrhj;jpd; kPJ tpy;yq;fNkh jfuhWfNsh ,y;iy.

7.3 fld; ngWgth; Njitahd vy;yh Mtzq;fisAk; ,e;j xg;ge;jk; njhlh;ghfTk;>

flid mq;fPfhpf;f Njitg;gLitfis Vw;gLj;jpj; juNtz;Lk;. fld; ngWgth;>
jdf;Fhpa thpfs;> murhq;f epYitfs; midj;ijAk; nrYj;jptpl;lhh;. mjw;fhd
Nfl;Fk; mwptpg;G my;yJ Nfl;Gfis ngwtpy;iy.

7.4 ,e;j nrhj;J xU thfdkhf ,Ue;jhy; ,e;j xg;ge;jk; eilKiwapy; ,Uf;Fk; tiu
mjd; Xl;Leh; chpa chpkk; itj;jpUf;f fld; ngWgth; cj;jputhjk; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

7.5 fld; ngWgtUf;F vjpuhf ve;j tof;Nfh> Nfl;Ngh jhf;fy; nra;J my;yJ jhf;fy;
nra;ag;gLk;gbahf (Fw;wtpay; my;yJ chpikapay; tof;Ffs;) epYitapy; ,y;iy.

8.0 fld; ngWgthpd; epge;jidfs; / cWjp nkhopfs;

fld; ngWgth;

1). nkhj;j fld; njhifiaAk; jhd; ve;j fhuzj;jpw;fhf thq;fpdhNuh mij Kjy;
ml;ltizapy; nrhy;ypagb cgNahfg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

2). ,e;j xg;ge;jj;ij epiwNtw;w fhy jhkjk; MFk; #oy; Vw;gl;lhy; mij cldbahf
fld; nfhLg;gthplk; njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

3). nrhj;jpw;fhf tpjpf;fg;gLk; thpfs;> fl;lzq;fs; Mfpaitfis rl;lg;gbAk;> rl;l

jpl;lq;fs; gbAk; xOq;fhf nrYj;jpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. nrhj;ij gad;gLj;Jjy; ,af;Fjy;
guhkhpj;jypd; NghJ MFk; nryTfSf;F fld; ngWgtNu nghUg;ghsh; Mth;.

4). fld; nfhLg;gth; mq;ff

P hpf;Fk; fhg;gPl;L fofj;jplk; nrhj;ij fhg;gL
P nra;jjhf
cj;jputhjk; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjpy; vy;yh Mgj;JfSk; Jd;gq;fSk; mjhtJ
fyfq;fs;> Gay;> nts;sk; Mfpaitfshy; Vw;gLk; e\;lq;fs;> 3-Mk; kdpjh; nryTfs;>
,e;jf; flidAk;> nrf;Fhpl;biaAk; ghJfhg;gjhf fld; nfhLg;gjw;F cj;jputhjk;
mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

5) ,aw;if kw;Wk; NtWtpj fhuzq;fspdhy; mjhtJ epyeLf;fk;> nts;sk;> Gay;>

jpUl;L nrhj;jpw;F e\;lk; my;yJ gOJ Vw;gl;lhy; clNd mij fhg;gl P ;L
epWtdq;fSf;Fj; njhpag;gLj;jNtz;Lk;. fld; nfhLg;gtUf;Fk; ,ij njhpag;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;.

6) ,e;j xg;ge;jk; kw;Wk; nrhj;J njhlh;ghf vy;yh mq;fPfhuq;fs;> mDkjpfs;>

chpkq;fs; Mfpaitfis nray;Kiwapy; itf;f rhpahd eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

7) nrhj;ij tpw;f> Fj;jiff;F tpl> ngah; khw;wk; nra;a mlkhdk; itf;f> tpy;yq;fk;
nra;a ve;j tifapYk; fld; nfhLg;gthpd; mDkjpapy;yhky; elf;ff; $lhJ.
NehpilahfNth> kiwKfkhfNth> nrhj;ij ek;gpf;if Nkhrb kw;Wk; Nkhrb nra;J
khw;wk; nra;jhy; mJ Fw;wkhFk;> eltbf;iff;F VJthFk;. mt;thW Vkhw;wp
Fw;wkpioj;jhy; fld; nfhLg;gth;> Gfhh; nfhLf;fTk;> Kjy; jfty; mwpf;if gjpT
nra;a itj;J Fw;wtpay; tprhuiz elj;j eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;.

8) ,e;j xg;ge;j fhyk; / fld; fhyk; KbAk; tiu nrhj;ij ed;F guhkhpj;J gOJ
ghh;j;J mgptpUj;jp nra;J mij ey;y epiyapy; itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

9) jtizj; njhiff;fhf gpd; Njjpapl;l fhNrhiy toq;Ftjw;fhf jdJ tq;fpf;

fzf;fpy; Nghjpa njhifia guhkhpj;J tuNtz;Lk;.

vdNt vy;yh gpd; Njjpapl;l fhNrhiyfSk; gzkhFk;gb itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

10) njhlh;e;J ,e;jpa murhq;fj;jpw;F my;yJ khepy muRf;F nrYj;j Ntz;ba

tUkhdk; thp kw;w thpfis nrYj;jp ve;jtpj thpfNsh> fl;lzq;fNsh epYit ,y;iy
vd;W cj;jputhjk; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

11) ,e;j nrhj;J xU GJ thfdkhf ,Ue;jhy; mij Nkhl;lhh; thfd rl;lk; 1988 gb
chpa gjpT mYtyh; Kd;ghf gjpT nra;J> me;j thfdj;ij mlkhdk; itj;jij
mij gjpT rhd;wpjopy; Fwpg;gpl;L itf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j mlkhd nrhj;J
cgNahfpf;fg;gl;l thfdk; vd;why; mjd; gjpT rhd;wpjopy; chpa gjpTfis nra;J
thfdk; mlkhdk; itf;fg;gl;lij fld; nfhLg;gth; ngaUf;F nra;J juNtz;Lk;.

12) nrhj;J xU thfdkhf ,Ue;jhy; mjd; gjpT rhd;wpjopd; efiy fld;

nfhLg;gthplk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

13) ,e;j thfdj;jpw;fhf ^g;spNfl; gjpT rhd;wpjiog; ngw fld; nfhLg;gthpd;

mDkjpapd;wp kD nfhLf;ff; $lhJ.

14) nrhj;J Fwpj;J Vw;gLk; gOJfs; jpUl;L> fhg;gL

P Nfl;Gfs; my;yJ njhiyj;jy;>
gjpT rhd;wpjo; Gj;jfj;ij njhiyj;jy;> fhg;gl
P ;L efy;fis njhiyj;jy;
Mfpaitfis mt;thW gOJ> jpUl;L> fhg;gPL Nfl;Gfs; my;yJ njhiyj;jy;> gjpT
rhd;wpjo; Gj;jfj;ij njhiyj;jy; ,itfs; elj;j 3 ehl;fSf;Fs; fld; nfhLj;jtUf;F
vOj;J %ykhf njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mr;#oypy; ,U jug;gpdhpd; eyid fUj;jpy;
nfhz;L> fld; nfhLg;gthpd; chpikfSf;F ghjfk; Vw;glhj tifapy; fld; ngw;wth;
eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

15) fl;lzq;fs;> thpfs;> kw;w fl;lzq;fs; jw;nghONjh my;yJ gpw;fhyj;jpNyh

murhq;fk;> efuhl;rp> khefuhl;rp> kz;ly Nghf;Ftuj;J mjpfhhp Mfpath;fs; Nfl;L
nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;bapUe;jhy; fld; nfhLg;gth; Nfl;Fk; NghJ mij nrYj;jpajw;fhd
urPJfis mthplk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

16) fld; nfhLg;gthpd; vOj;J %y mDkjpapy;yhky;> mlkhdk; itf;fg;gl;l

thfdj;ijNah mjd; gFjpiaNah gwpKjy; Nghd;w nray;fSf;F cl;gLj;jf; $lhJ.
NkYk;> fldpd; ghJfhg;gpw;F FiwT Vw;glhky; ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
NehpilahfNth> kiwKfkhfNth nrhj;ij khw;wk; nra;jhy; mJ Fw;wtpay;
eltbf;iff;F VJthFk;. mjhtJ Vkhw;Wjy;> fld; nfhLg;gtiu Kjy; jfty;
mwpf;if gjpT nra;a itj;jy;> fld; ngWgtUf;F vjpuhf Fw;wtpay; Gfhh;fs; nra;a
VJthFk;.

17) ,e;j fld; ngWk; gpizaj;ij NkYk; cWjp nra;Ak; tifapy; fld;
nfhLg;gtUf;F Njitg;gLk; gj;jpuq;fs;> cj;jputhjq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw Vw;gLj;jpf;
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; chpikfs;> mjpfhuq;fs;> epthuzq;fs; MfpaitfSf;fhTk;
Njitg;gLk; Mtzq;fis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

18) nryTfs;> Nfl;Gfs;> eltbf;iffs;> e\;lq;fs; Mfpaitfs; fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F

Vw;glhtz;zk; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk; (tpgj;J> gOJ Nghd;witfs; Vw;gl;lhy; mjw;fhf 3-
Mk; kdpjh; nryTfisAk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;). ,t;thwhd rl;l nryTfs;> fl;lzq;fs;>
nrhj;ij tpw;f> cilikag; ngw> fhg;gLP nra;a MFk; nryTfs; fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F
Vw;glhky; ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;> ,e;j flDf;fhf> fld; nfhLg;gth;
khw;wj;jf;f Mtzq;fs; rl;lk; kw;Wk; Fw;wtpay; eilKiw rl;lk; Mfpaitfs;
Nkw;nfhs;s MFk; nryTfis nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

19) fld; nfhLg;gth; mt;tg;nghO Vw;gLj;Jk; vy;yh epge;jidfisAk;> njhpe;J

nfhz;likia cj;jputhjk; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

20) nrhj;jpd; kPJ ve;jtpjkhd tpy;yq;fNkh> jfuhNuh Vw;gLj;jf; $lhJ.

9.0 nrhj;jpd; tpiy mjpfhpg;G

9.1 nrhj;J Gjpa thfdkhf ,Ue;jhy; mjd; tpiy xg;ge;jk; ifnag;gk; ,lg;gl;l gpwF
mjpfhpf;Fk; jUzq;fspy; fld; ngWgth; mjpf gzk; nfhLj;J me;j thfdj;ij thq;f
Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. me;j khWjy; njhiff;fhf fld; nfhLg;gth; ve;jj; njhifAk; fldhf
nfhLf;f khl;lhh;. ,t;tp\aj;jpy; fld; nfhLg;gth; rpy rkak; ,e;j fld; xg;ge;jj;ij
uj;J nra;a chpikAz;L. mt;thW uj;J nra;jhy; cw;gj;jpahsUf;F nfhLj;j
njhifia jpUk;g t#ypf;f NehpLk;. (gjpTf; fl;lzk;> tl;b Kjypaitfis fld;
ngWgth; nfhLf;f flikgl;lth;).

10.0 xg;gilj;jy;

10.1 nrhj;ij cw;gj;jpahsh; / tpw;gidahsh;fsplkpUe;J ngWtjpy; fld; ngWgtNu

nghWg;ghsh; Mthh;. thfdk; ey;y epiyapy; cs;sjh> jukhdjh vd;gij Muha;e;J
thq;fNtz;Lk;. mt;thW thfdj;ij ngw;wTld; ,t;tp\aj;ij clNd fld;
nfhLg;gtUf;Fj; njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

10.2 fld; ngWgth; ,jd; %yk; xg;Gf; nfhs;tJ vd;dntd;why;> cw;gj;jpahsh; /

tpw;gidahsh; jhkjkhf thfdj;ij nfhLj;jhy;> thfdj;jpd; juk;> epiy Mfpatw;wpw;F
fld; nfhLg;gth; vt;tpjj;jpYk; nghWg;ghsh; Mfkhl;lhh;. fld; ngWgth;> fld;
nfhLg;gtiu ve;j nghWg;gpw;Fk; Mshf;f khl;lhh;. NkYk; Fwpg;gpl;l jtiz njhiffs;
nrYj;Jtij epWj;j khl;lhh;. (nrhj;J cilik xg;gilg;gjpy; fhy jhkjk; Mdhy;
my;yJ NtW fhuzq;fSf;fhf).

11.0 cgNahfk;

fld; ngWgth; ,jd; %yk; cj;jputhjk; mspg;gJ vd;dntd;why;> mtNuh mtuJ

Ntiyahl;fNsh thfdj;ij epge;jidfspy; mDkjpaspf;fg;glhj cgNahfj;jpw;F gad;
gLj;j khl;Nlhk;. NkYk; fhgpgPlb ; y; fz;l epge;jidfis kPwpAk; fhgpgPli ; l
nry;yj;jfhj tifapy; khepy kj;jpa tdj;Jiw> Rq;fj;Jiw> tzpfthp
Nghijg;nghUs;> ,Ug;Gg; ghij> rl;lj;jpw;F Gwk;ghf nghUl;fis itj;jpUj;jy;> jq;f
fl;Lg;ghL Nghd;w rl;l jpl;lq;fSf;F mbgzpahky; ve;j tpj nghUl;fisAk; Vw;wp
nry;y thfdj;ij cgNahfg;gLj;j khl;Nlhk; vd;fpwd;wdh;. NkYk; mt;thW rl;lj;jpw;F
Gwk;ghf ve;j eltbf;iffspYk; <Lglkhl;Nlhk; vd;W cWjpaspf;fpwhh;. fld;
nfhLg;gtUf;F e\;lk; Vw;gLk; tifapy; elf;f khl;Nlhk; vd;Wk;> fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F
nrhy;ypapUe;j cgNahfj;ijj; jtpu NtW tifapy; cgNahfg;gLj;j khl;Nlhk; vd;Wk;>
mt;thW Vw;gLk; e\;lq;fSf;F jd; nrhe;j nrytpy; rhp nra;tjhfTk; $Wfpwhh;.

12.0 fhg;gPL kw;Wk; guhkhpg;G

12.1 ,e;j flDf;fhf mspf;fg;gl;l ghJfhg;ig fhg;gjw;fhf fld; nfhLg;gthplk;
mlkhdk; itf;fg;gl;lij fhg;gPL kDtpy; Fwpaplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpy;
ifnag;gk; ,l;lTld; fld; ngWgth; nrhj;jpw;F el;lk; Vw;glhjtifapy; fhg;gL
P nra;J
itg;gjhfTk; (Ntiy epWj;jk;> fytuk;> cs;ehl;L Nghh;> nts;sk;) Nghd;w el;lq;fs;
Vw;glhjtifapYk; 3-Mk; kdpjh; Mgj;Jfspy; ,Ue;J fhg;ghw;wTk;> fld; nfhLg;gth;
mq;ffP hpf;fTk;> fhg;gL
P nra;aTk;> mjw;fhf rhptu fhg;gl
P ;L njhifia nrYj;jTk;>
(,e;j xg;ge;j fhyk; KbAk; tiu) fld; nfhLg;gth; Nfl;Fk; NghJ me;j urPJfs; gzk;
nrYj;jpa eKdhf;fs; Mfpatw;iw fhz;gpf;fTk; xg;Gf; nfhs;fpwhh;. ,e;j fhg;gl P ;il
fld; ngWgth; ngahpy; nra;J me;j e%dhtpy; fld; nfhLg;gth; ngaiu Fwpg;gpl
Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; fld; nfhLg;gth; tq;fpapd; ngaiuAk; $Ljyhf Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.

12.2 fhg;gPL ghyprpapy; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;s epge;jidfspy; fz;l cgNahfj;ijj; jtpu

NtW cgNahfj;jpw;F nrhj;ij cgNahfpf;ff; $lhJ. NkYk; mt;thW jtwhf
cgNahfpg;gjhy; fhg;gPL nry;yj; jfhJ vd;w epiyia Vw;gLj;jf; $lhJ.

12.3 fld; nfhLg;gth; jd; nrhe;j tpUg;gj;jpd; Nghpy; ,e;j fhg;gi

P l fld; ngWgth;
ngahpy; vLj;J mjw;Fz;lhd njhifia fld; ngWgth; nrYj;Jk; gpd; Njjpapl;l
fhNrhiy kw;Wk; mth; nrhy;Yk; cj;jputpd; Nghpy; nrYj;jyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk; mt;thW
nrYj;jg;glhj njhiffSf;F fld; nfhLg;gth; ve;j tifapYk; nghUg;ghsh;
Mfkhl;lhh;. NkYk; fhg;gPl;L njhifia rhpahf nrYj;jp fhg;gl P ;il rhpahd Kiwapy;
itj;jpUf;f fld; ngWgth; flikgl;lth;.

12.4 fhg;gPl;L njhif fld; nfhLg;gth; jhd; ngwNtz;Lk;. fhg;gl

P ;Lj; njhifia
ngWtjw;F fld; nfhLg;gtiu mDkjpj;J mtUila mf;fiwia ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s
fld; ngWgth; midj;J nray;fSk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. fld; ngWgth; fld; nfhLg;gth;
,Lk; vy;yh fl;lisfSf;Fk; mbgzpe;J elelJ fhg;gl P ;il mt;tg;NghJ GJg;gpj;J
itf;f Ntz;Lk;.

12.5 fld; ngWgth; thfdj;ij mt;tg;nghOJ ey;y Kiwapy; gOJ ghh;j;J itf;f
Ntz;Lk;. tpgj;Jf;fs; Vw;gl;L mjdhy; MFk; nryTfSf;F cz;lhd urPJfis fhg;gL
P
fofj;jpy; nrYj;jp itf;f Ntz;Lk;. fld; ngWgtUf;F epYitj; njhif
,y;yhkypUe;jhy; fhg;gPl;L fofj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gl;l gzj;jpid mij mtNu nrYj;jp
mjd; gyid fld; nfhLg;gth; mila Ntz;Lk;.

13.0 jtWfs;

fPNo fz;lit jtWfs; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk;

13.1 fld; ngWgth; fld; njhif> fl;lzq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw nrYj;j jtwpdhy; my;yJ
VjhtJ xU jtizia nrYj;jhky; tpl;lhy; my;yJ Fwpg;gpl;l ehSf;Fs; nrYj;jhky;
ghf;fp itj;jhy;.

13.2 fld; ngWgth; (jdpkdpjuhfNth my;yJ xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;ltuhfNth ,Ue;jhy;

mth;fspy; xUth;) ,we;jhNyh my;yJ fldhsp (jpthy; Mdth;) vd;W mwptpj;J
nrhj;jpw;fhf xU mwq;fhtyiu my;yJ hprPtiu mkh;j;jpdhy;

13.3 fld; ngWgth; (fofkhfNth my;yJ $l;L epWtdkhfNth ,Uj;jy;) mth;fSf;F

vjpuhf 3-Mk; egh; rl;lg;gbahd eltbf;if vLj;jpUe;jhy; me;j fld; ngWgth; epWtdk;
fiyf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; my;yJ xU mwq;fhtyiu my;yJ hprPtiu mkh;j;jpapUe;jhy;
Fwpg;ghf mlkhdk; itf;fg;gl;l nrhj;jpw;fhf

13.4 fld; nfhLg;gthpd; vOj;J %y mDkjpapy;yhky; fld; ngWgth; nrhj;ij tpw;why;>

tpy;yq;fk; nra;jhy;> nrhj;J khw;wk; nra;jhy; my;yJ nrhj;ij tpw;f> nrhj;J khw;wk;>
tpy;yq;fk; nra;a nrhd;dhy; my;yJ

13.5 ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; gb fld; ngWgth; fhg;gL

P njhif nrYj;jhkNyh my;yJ
tq;fpf; fl;lzq;fs; (nry;yhj fhNrhiyfSf;fhf) nrYj;jhkNyh

13.6 mlkhdk; itf;fg;gl;l nrhj;ij muR ifafg;gLj;Jjy; my;yJ NtW [g;jp

eltbf;iffs; nrhj;ij nghWj;J vLj;jpUe;jhy;

13.7 mlkhdk; itf;fg;gl;l nrhj;jpd; kPJ tpjpf;fg;gLk; thp fp];jp> mguhjq;fs;

Mfpaitfis mt;tg;nghOJ fld; ngWgth; nrYj;jhkypUe;jhy;

13.8 mlkhdk; itf;fg;gl;l nrhj;J jpUL Ngha; ,Ue;jhy; my;yJ mij fz;L gpbf;f
Kbahj fhuzq;fSf;fhf.

13.9 nrhj;jpw;F gOJ Vw;gl;L cgNahfg;gLj;j Kbahj epiy Vw;gl;lhy; my;yJ ,e;j
nrhj;jpdhy; 3-Mk; kdpjUf;F VjhtJ fhaq;fs; Vw;gl;bUe;jhy;

13.10 ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; gb fld; ngWgth; fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F gpd; Njjpapl;l

fhNrhiyia nfhLj;jpUe;jhy;> nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;why;> VNjh xU fhuzj;jhy;
fhNrhiyia rkh;g;gpj;J ,Ue;Jk; gzkhf;f Kbahky; ,Ue;jhy;

13.11 epge;jid 2.10-,y; $wpagb fld; ngWgth; fhNrhiyf;F cz;lhd gzj;ij

nfhLf;f Ntz;lhk; vd;W tq;fpf;F nrhy;ypapUe;jhy;

13.12 ,e;j nrhj;J thfdkhf ,Ue;J mjd; rhd;wplg;gl;l gjpT rhd;wpjio nfhLf;fj;
jtwpdhy;
13.13 ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; gb VNjh xU #o;epiy fhuzkhf nrhj;jpw;F jPq;F my;yJ
mghak; Vw;gLk; fld; nfhLg;gth; fUjpdhy;

13.14 ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpy; fz;l gb fld; ngWgth; jdJ nrhj;jpd; tptuq;fis (Gjpa
my;yJ gioa nrhj;Jf;fs;) rkh;gg ; pf;fhik

13.15 fld; ngWgth; ,q;F fz;l epge;jidfis filgpf;fhky; ,Uj;jy;> NkYk;

Njitahd jfty;fis mspf;fhky; ,Uj;jy; my;yJ fld; ngWgtuhy; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l
Mtzq;fs; jtwhf ,Ue;jJ vd;W njhpe;jhy;

13.16 fld; ngWgth; jpthy; Mdth; vd;W tpsk;Gif nra;ag;gl;bUe;jhy; (mth; xU

epWtdkhf ,Ue;J mJ jpthyhfp fznfLg;gpy; ,Ue;jhy;

13.17 fld; nfhLg;gthpd; chpikia ghjpf;Fk; #oy; Vw;gLk; vd;W fld; nfhLg;gth;
fUjpdhy;

13.18 NtW ve;j xg;ge;jj;jpy; fld; ngWgth; flid milf;fhky; jtW nra;jpUe;jhy;
(fld; ngWgtUf;Fk;> fld; nfhLg;gtUf;Fk; ,ilNa

14.0 fld; nfhLg;gthpd; chpikfs;

14.1 fld; ngWgth; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba nkhj;jj; njhiffs;> fl;lzq;fs;> tl;bfs;>

fhg;gl
P ;Lj; njhif kw;Wk; ,ju thpfs; fld; ngWgth; nrYj;jg;glhky; ,Ue;jhy;>
mt;NghJ fld; nfhLg;gth; mt;thW nrYj;jg;glhj njhiff;fhf Kjy; ml;ltizapy;
nrhy;ypagb $Ljy; rjtpfpj tl;bia t#ypf;f chpikAz;L. clNd fld; nfhLg;gth;
fld; ngWgtUf;F mwptpg;G mDg;gp jdJ jtiw Fwpg;gpl;l ehl;fSf;Fs; jpUj;jpf;
nfhs;Sk; gb vr;rhpf;fyhk;.

14.2 jtW nra;Ak; gl;rj;jpy; fld; ngWgth; thfdj;ij fld; nfhLg;gthplk; mJ

Jtf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;j epiyapNyNa xg;gilf;f Ntz;Lk;. fld; ngWgth; mt;thW
thfdj;jpd; cilikia fld; nfhLg;gth; ngWk; NghJ ve;j Ml;NrgizAk; nra;af;
$lhJ. NkYk; fld; ngWgth; thfdk; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; fplq;F> gzpkid
Mfpatw;wpy; fld; nfhLg;gthpd; gpujpepjpfs; Ntiyahl;fs; ve;j tpj Kd; mwptpg;Gk;
,d;wp gpuNtrpj;J my;yJ me;j ,lj;jpd; fjT G+l;lg;gl;bUe;jhy; cs;Ns nry;y
chpikAz;L. NkYk; fld; nfhLg;gth; me;j fplq;fpy; ,Ue;J thfdj;ij J}f;fpr;
nry;yTk; chpikAz;L. fld; nfhLg;gth; mt;thW tl;bia J}f;fpr; nry;Yk; nryTfs;
kw;w fl;lzq;fisAk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. fld; nfhLj;jth; mt;thW thfdj;ij vLj;J
nrd;w gpwF thfdj;jpw;F Vw;gLk; gOJfs;> jpUl;L> jP> kio> nts;sk;> epyeLf;fk;>
tpgj;Jf;fs; Mfpatw;why; Vw;gLk; e\;lj;jpw;F fld; nfhLg;gth; nghWg;ghsh; Mf
khl;lhh;.

14.3 Nkw;nrhd;dthW jtWfs; Vw;gl;lhy; fld; ngWgth;> fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F

thfdj;ij tpw;f chpik khw;wk; nra;a (nghJ Vyj;jpy; my;yJ jdp egh; tpw;gid
Nghd;w topfspy;) thfdj;ij tpw;W mjpy; tUk; gzj;ij fld; ngWgth; nfhLf;f
Ntz;ba epYitj; njhifia ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpy; fz;lthW rhp nra;J nfhs;syhk;. xU
Ntis mt;thW tpw;W fpilf;fg;gl;l gzk; fld; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba ghf;fpj; njhiff;F
NghJkhdjhf ,y;iy vd;why; mij fld; ngWgth; rhp nra;a Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;> me;j
tpw;gidj; njhif epYitj; njhifia tpl mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; fld; nfhLg;gth;
mj;njhifia fld; ngWgtUf;F jpUg;gpf; nfhLj;J tpLthh;. ,q;F nrhy;yg;glh
tpl;lhYk; mt;thW fld; nfhLg;gth; thfdj;ij tpw;gjw;F VJk; jil Vw;gl;lhy;
mj;jUzj;jpy; jdJ ghJfhg;ig cWjp nra;a fld; nfhLg;gth; jf;f eltbf;if
vLg;ghh;.

14.4 fld; nfhLg;gth; mt;thW thfdj;ij tpw;f fld; ngWgth; Ml;Nrgiz vOg;gf;
$lhJ. mt;thW eltbf;if vLf;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk; e\;lq;fSf;F fld; nfhLg;gth;
nghWg;ghsh; Mf khl;lhh;. NkYk; jufh; kw;Wk; Vyk; ,Lgth;fs;> fld; nfhLg;gtuhy;
mkh;j;jg;gl;lth;fs; %yk; Vw;gLk; e\;lj;jpw;Fk; fld; nfhLg;gth; nghWg;ghsh; Mf
khl;lhh;.

14.5 nryTfs; mjhtJ rl;l eltbf;iffs; vLf;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk; nryTfs; nrhj;ij
fz;L gpbf;Fk; nryTfs; clik vLf;Fk; nryTfs;> gzpkid> fhg;gL P > Nghf;Ftuj;J>
nrhj;ij tpw;f MFk; nryTfs; NkYk; fld; nfhLg;gth; rhh;ghf Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; rl;l
nryTfs;> NkYk; ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; epge;jidfis nrayhf;Ftjw;fhd nryTfis>
fld; ngWgth; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s ghpfhuq;fs;> ,ju ghpfhuq;fSf;F
jilahf ,Uf;fhJ.

14.6 ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpy; fz;Ls;s epge;jidfs; jtpu fld; nfhLg;gth; vg;nghOJ

Ntz;LkhdhYk; thfdj;ij jpUg;gp vLf;f KOj; njhifia nrYj;Jk;gb
eph;ge;jg;gLj;jyhk;. NkYk; fld; ngWgth; KO ghf;fpj; njhifAk; nrYj;Jk; gl;rj;jpy;
nrhj;ij fld; ngWgth; ngaUf;F khw;wyhk;.

14.7 fld; nfhLg;gth; flid jpUg;gpf; nfhLf;f eph;ge;jk; nra;jhy; (fld; ngWgth;
jtW nra;Ak; gl;rj;jpy;) fld; ngWgth; clNd nrhj;jpd; cilikia fld;
nfhLg;gthplNkh my;yJ mthpd; KfthplNkh my;yJ mtuhy; mkh;g;gl;lthplNkh
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. vy;yh gjpTfs;> rhd;wpjo;fs;> fhg;gL P fs;> mlkhd nrhj;Jf;F
njhlh;Gilaitfis fld; nfhLg;gth; ngaUf;F khw;wk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
14.8 nrhj;J fld; nfhLg;gthpd; clikapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk; el;lq;fs;> gOJfs;>
fhy tuk;G> Nja;khdq;fs; Kjypait mlkhd nrhj;jpw;F Vw;gl;lhy; mjw;F fld;
nfhLg;gth;> mtuhy; mkh;j;jg;gl;lth;> Kfth;fs; nghWg;ghsh; Mf khl;lhh;fs;.

14.9 fld; nfhLg;gth;> fld; ngw;wthplkpUe;J nrhj;ij NjLtjw;fhd MFk;

nrytpidAk;> ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhd nrytpidAk;> tz;bia epWj;jp itg;gjw;fhd
nrytpidAk;> fhg;gl
P ;L nrytpidAk;> ,lkhw;Wtjw;fhd nrytpidAk;> tpw;gid
nra;tjw;fhd nrytpidAk; kw;Wk; ,ju rl;l tof;FfSf;fhd nrytpidAk;
ngWtjw;F chpik ngw;wtuhfpwhh;.

14.10 nrhj;J fld; nfhLg;gthpd; clikapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk; vy;yh

el;lq;fSf;Fk; fld; nfhLg;gth; mtUila Kfth; my;yJ mtuhy; mkh;j;jg;gl;lth;fs;
nghWg;ghsh; Mf khl;lhh;fs;. fld; ngWgth;> fld; nfhLg;gthpd; mtUila Kfth;
my;yJ mtuhy; mkh;j;jg;gl;lth;fis ve;j tpj el;lk; ,og;G Nghd;witfSf;Fk;
mlkhdk; itf;fg;gl;l nrhj;J fplq;fpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk; el;lq;fSf;Fk;>
cilikia vLf;Fk; NghJ my;yJ nrhj;ij ifg;gw;Wk; NghJ MFk; nryTfSf;Fk;
mth;fis nghWg;ghsh; Mf;f khl;Nld; vd;W cWjp $Wfpwhh;.

15.0 cj;jputhjk; mspj;jy;

fld; nfhLg;gth; Nfhhpdhy;> fld; ngWgth; $Ljy; kw;Wk; %d;whk; egh; cj;jputhjk;
fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

16.0 jpUg;gp nrYj;Jjy;

2-tJ ml;ltizapy; nrhy;ypagb fld; nfhLg;gth; flid chpa fhyj;jpw;F

Kd;ghfNt milf;f epidj;jhy; Kjy; ml;ltizapy; $wpa gb xg;ge;j fhyj;jpw;F
Kd;ghfNt flid milf;Fk; fl;lzj;ij fld; ngWgth; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. fld;
njhifia tpl mjpfkhd njhif mt;thW Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F Kd;G flid
milf;Fk; NghJ ghf;fpapUe;jhy; mjid fld; ngWgth; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j jpUg;gp
nrYj;Jk; Kiw flid gzkhfNth> fhNrhiyahfNth nfhLj;J igry; nra;Ak; NghJ
xg;Gf; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

17.0 kW fld;

fld; ngWgth; kw;Wk; cj;jputhjk; mspg;gth; nrhj;ij tpw;f my;yJ chpik

khw;wk; nra;a KO mjpfhuj;ijAk; fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F mspf;f Ntz;Lk;. mij fld;
nfhLg;gth; KbT nra;thh;. nrhj;ij thq;Fgth; chpik khw;wk; ngWgtUf;F gjpyhf
fld; ngWgtiu vjph;j;J jdJ chpikia fld; nfhLg;gth; jf;f itj;Jf; nfhs;thh;.
NkYk; nrhj;ij NtW kdpjUf;F tpw;Fk; NghJk; mij fld; ngWgth; kw;Wk;
cj;jputhjk; mspg;gtUf;F mjid njhpag;gLj;Jthh;. NkYk; ,e;j mjpfhuj;ij fld;
nfhLg;gth; njhlh;e;J 3-Mk; ghh;bf;fhf itj;Jf; nfhs;thh;. NkYk; fld; nfhLg;gth;
cj;jutpd; Nghpy; epYitj; njhiffis 3-Mk; egh;fs; nrYj;Jth;. fld; ngWgtUk;
cj;jputhjk; mspg;gtUk; ,t;thwhf 3-Mk; kdpjh;fSf;F ,e;j fld; njhifapy; Vw;gLk;
tpj;jpahrj; njhifiaf; nfhLg;gh;. 3-Mk; kdpjUk; fld; nfhLg;gthpd; rk;kjj;jpd; Nghpy;
mj; njhiffis ngw;Wf; nfhs;th;.

18.0 Kfth;fis mkh;j;Jtjpy; fld; nfhLg;gthpd; chpik

fld; ngWgth;> fld; nfhLg;gtUf;fhf 1 my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l egh;fis

vy;yh eltbf;iffs; nra;tjw;fhf fld; nfhLg;gthpd; tpUg;gj;jpw;Nfw;g jq;fs;
Kfth;fshf> ghf;fp gzq;fis t#ypf;f mkh;j;Jth;. NkYk; ,e;j egh;fs; jtizj;
njhif> tl;b kw;w fl;lzq;fis fld; nfhLg;gtUf;fhf ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; fPo; vy;yh
eltbf;iffisAk; vLj;J mjw;fhd mwptpg;Gfis fld; ngWgthpd; ,y;yk; my;yJ
mYtyfj;jpw;F mDg;Gth;.

19.0 epth;j;jp nra;jy; kw;Wk; rhh;[;.

,t;nthg;ge;jj;jpy; cs;s epge;jidfs; midj;Jk; fld; ngw;wtiuAk; kw;Wk;

cj;jputhjk; mspj;jtiuAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;.

19.1 xg;ge;jj;jpy; nrhd;ditfisj; jtpu fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F> fld; ngWgth; /

cj;jputhjk; mspg;gtUila nrhj;Jf;fs; fld; nfhLg;gth; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,Uf;Fk;.
NkYk; me;j nrhj;jpd; Nkyhd chpikfSk; fld; nfhLg;gthpd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,Uf;Fk;.
NkYk; fld; nfhLg;thpd; / cj;jputhjk; mspg;gth; MfpNahh; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba
njhiffSk; fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F nrhe;jkhdJ.

19.2 fld; ngWgth; ,jd; %yk; xg;Gf; nfhs;tJ vd;dntd;why;> khjhe;jpu jtizj;
njhif / fl;lzq;fs; Mfpaitfis nrYj;Jtjpy; fld; ngWgth; jtW nra;jpUe;jhy;
,e;j xg;ge;jj;ij uj;J nra;tNjhL my;yhky; fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F fld; ngWgth;
/cj;jputhjk; mspg;gth; fzf;Ffspy; cs;s gzj;ij rhp nra;tjw;F chpikAz;L.

20.0 mwptpg;Gfs;

20.1 fld; nfhLg;gthpd; mYtyh; ifnag;gk; ,l;L ghf;fpj; njhif cs;sJ vd;W
mDg;gpa rhd;wpjo; fld; ngWth; / cj;jputhjk;
20.2 fld; ngWth; / cj;jputhjk; mspg;gth; jq;fs; tpyhrj;ij khw;wp ,Ue;jhy; mjid
xU thuj;jpw;Fs; fld; nfhLg;gtUf;Fj; njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. fbjq;fs;> Mtzq;fs;
Mfpaitfis ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpy; nrhd;d tpyhrj;jpw;Nfh my;yJ Nkw;nrhd;dgb
njhptpf;fg;gl;l tpyhrj;jpw;Nfh fld; nfhLg;gth; mDg;gp itg;ghh; mt;thW
mDg;gg;gl;lhy;> mJ 48 kzp Neuj;jpw;Fs; fld; ngWgth; kw;Wk; cj;jputhjk;
mspg;gth;fshy; ngwgl;ljhf fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

20.3 vy;yh fbjg; Nghf;F tuj;JfspYk; fld; ngWgth;v / cj;jputhjk; mspg;gth;

jq;fs; xg;ge;j vz;iz Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.

20.4 vy;yh fbjg; Nghf;F tuj;JfspYk; fld; xg;ge;jj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s fld;

nfhLg;gthpd; tpyhrj;jpw;F mDg;g Ntz;Lk;.

21.0 nry;yj; jfhj gFjp

,e;j xg;ge;j;jpd; VjhtJ xU gFjp my;yJ kDf;fspd; xU gFjp nry;yhJ

vd;W xg;ge;j fhyj;jpy;) murpd; eltbf;ifahy; Vw;gl;lhy; mj;jUq;fspy; me;j
nry;yj;jfhj gFjpia mKy;gLj;j KbahJ. Mdhy;> xg;ge;jj;jpy; cs;s kPjKs;s
vy;yh epge;jidfSNk mKypy; ,Uf;Fk;. khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;l epge;jidfs;
nry;yj;jf;fjhFk;. mJ mrypy; cs;s \uj;Jf;fs; Nghy; MFk;.

22.0 rl;lk;> eLth; Ms;tiu

m) ,e;j xg;ge;jk; mKypy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk; jfuhWfs; fUj;J NtWghLfis

xU eLtUf;Fj; njhptpj;J Mh;gpl;Nu\d; & fd;rpypNa\d; 1996 rl;lg;gb igry; nra;J
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. me;j eLtiu fld; nfhLg;gth; epakpg;ghh;. mtUila jPh;g;G fld;
ngWgth; kw;Wk; cj;jputhjk; mspg;gtiu fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;.

M) epge;jid 14-,y; nrhy;ypagb fld; ngWgth; jtW nra;jpUe;jhy; mJTk;

Mh;gpl;Nu\Df;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,wg;G kw;Wk; xg;ge;jj;ijj; njhlu ,ayhik
mfpa fhuzq;fSf;fhf eLtUf;F njhpagj;JjYk; ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; xU epge;jid
MFk;. NkYk; eLth; ,we;J tpl;lhy; NtW xUtiu mkh;j;j fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F
chpikAz;L. me;j egh; ve;j ,lj;jpy; mtUf;F Kd;dhy; ,Ue;j eLth; tpl;L
nrd;whNuh mijj; njhlUthh;.

,) ,e;j eLth;kd;wk; nrd;idapy; mikf;fg;gLk;. ,e;j eLth; kd;wk; Mq;fpyj;jpy;

,Uf;Fk;.
<) mt;thW mikf;fg;gl;l eLth; fld; ngWgth; kw;Wk; cj;jputhjk; mspg;gth;
mth;fshy; mlkhdk; itf;fg;gl;l nrhj;J my;yJ NtW nrf;a+hpl;bfs; kPJk; jPh;g;G
toq;f chpikAz;L.

c) fld; nfhLg;gth; kw;Wk; fld; ngWgtUf;F ,ilNa

Vw;gLk; vy;yh mwptpg;GfSk;> fbj Nghf;Ftuj;JfSk; fPo;fz;l Kfthpf;F mDg;gg;gLk;.

23.0 nkhj;j xg;ge;jk;

,e;j xg;ge;jk; (Kjy; kw;Wk; 2-tJ ml;ltizfis Nrh;j;J) fld;

nfhLg;gtUf;F vOjpf; nfhLj;j vy;yh Mtzq;fs; Mfpait nkhj;j xg;ge;jk; vd;W
fUjg;gLk;.

24.0 fld; nfhLg;gth; mwptpg;Gfs;

fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F ,e;j xg;ge;jk; Fwpj;J vy;yh tp\aq;fisAk;

ntspapLtjw;F chpikAz;L vd;W fld; nfhLg;gtUk;> cj;jputhjk; mspg;gtUk; xg;Gf;
nfhs;fpd;wdh;. NkYk; ,t;thwhd tp\aq;fis epjp epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; tq;fpfSf;Fj;
njhpag;gj;Jtij fld; ngwgth; jfuhW nra;a khl;Nld; vd;fpwhh;.

25.0 uj;J nra;jy;

,e;j xg;ge;jk; mJ Vw;gl;l ehspy; ,Ue;J mKypy; ,Uf;Fk;. mij fld;

ngWgth; mry;> tl;b kw;Wk; vy;yh njhiffisAk; ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; fPo; nrYj;jpa
gpwF uj;J nra;a KbAk;.

26.0 kw;wit

26.1 nkhop

egh;fSf;fpilNa Mq;fpy nkhop vy;yh fbj Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;Fk;

cNahfg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

26.2 jpUj;jq;fs;

,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpy; cs;s epge;jidfis khw;wNth jpUj;jNth KbahJ.

,Ug;gpDk; epge;jid 2 (2.3) gb tl;b tpfpjk; NkYk; epge;jid 2.11-,y; nrhy;ypagb
khjj;jtizfs; khw;wpaikf;fTk; KbAk;. kw;w epge;jidfs; vy;NyhiuAk;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;. ve;j chpikfisNah my;yJ epge;jidfisNah js;Sgb nra;tJ
vOj;J %ykhf njhptpf;fg;gl;L vy;yh jug;gpdh;fSk; ifnahg;gkpl;lhy; nry;y
jf;fjy;y.
26.3 jpuz;l chpikfs;

fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; vy;yh ghpfhuq;fSk; ,q;F

nfhLf;fg;gl;lhNyh my;yJ chpikapay; rl;lk;> nghJ rl;lk; Rq;fj; Jiw> tpahguk;
my;yJ eilKiwapy; cs;s vy;yh ghpfhuq;fSk; jpuz;l NtW epthuzk; njhlh;e;J
filgpbf;fg;gLk;.

26.4 ,e;j fld; xg;ge;jk; vy;yh ghh;bfs;> njhlh;r;rpahsh;fs;> thhpRfs;> eph;thf];jh;fs;

Mfpath;fspd; gyd;fSf;Fk; cj;jputhjk; mspf;Fk;.

26.5 fld; nfhLg;gtUf;F chpj;jhd vy;yh chpikfs;> ghpfhuq;fs; ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd;

fPo; my;yJ kw;w xg;ge;jq;fs;> Mtzq;fs;

26.6 ,t;nthg;ge;jj;jpd;gb fld; ngWgthpd; nghWg;GfshdJ mtiu $l;lhfTk;>

jdpahfTk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;.

27 fld; ngWgthpd; Vw;Giu:

27.1 fld; ngWgth; ,t;nthg;ge;jj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s midj;J epge;jidfSf;Fk; kw;Wk;

ml;ltizapy; $wg;gl;Ls;s midj;J tpsf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; tpguq;fSf;F
fl;Lg;gl;ltuhthh;.

27.2 ,t;nthg;ge;jk; kw;Wk; ,t;nthg;ge;jj;jpd; njhlh;Gila Mtzq;fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;s

epge;jidfs; kw;Wk; tpsf;fq;fis fld; ngWgth; mtUf;F Ghpe;j nkhopapy; njspthf
njhpag;gLj;jg;gl;Lk;> mjd; tpisTfisAk; tpsf;fkhf vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ.

P huk; / mjpfhuk; ngw;w mYtyh;

27.3 ,t;nthg;ge;jkhdJ fld; nfhLg;gthpd; mq;ff
ifnahg;gkpl;l ehspy; Vw;gl;ljhfTk;> mkyhf;fg;gl;ljhfTk; fUjg;gLk;;.