Control Measures

Engr. Lauro C. Canceran

Presenter
 Objective in the control of
hazardous substances :
To prevent or
minimize exposure
of workers to
harmful
environmental
hazards which could
lead to serious
occupational
illnesses and
diseases and even
death.
Interactions Between People and Environment
 Generalized Diagram of
Methods of Control
SOURCE AIR PATH RECEIVER
Environment Control Measures

1. Engineering control
2. Administrative control
3. Personal Protective Equipment
 ENGINEERING CONTROL

1. Substitution

2.Modification in Process/Equipment
3. Maintenance of
equipment
4. Isolation
5. Wet method
6. Industrial Ventilation
INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION

The process of supplying or

removing air by natural or
mechanical means to and from any
space.
 PURPOSE OF INDUSTRIAL
VENTILATION
To ensure condition of thermal
comfort
To renew the air in the workplace,
therefore diluting eventual air
contaminants to acceptable levels.
To prevent hazardous air
contaminants from reaching the
workers breathing zone
TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL
VENTILATION

General or Dilution Ventilation

Local Exhaust Ventilation
 GENERAL VENTILATION

It aims at the removal of air in the

work environments so that the
possible contaminants are diluted to
levels considered to be not harmful
to health.
General or Dilution Ventilation

Natural Mechanical
Ventilation Ventilation
 DILUTION VENTILATION IS LESS
EFFECTIVE AND MORE EXPENSIVE WHEN

1. Contaminants is highly toxic

2. Emitted materials are primarily
particulates
3. Emissions vary with time
1. Emission sources consist of large
point sources
5. Employees work in the immediate
vicinity of the emission source
 Important Pointers for Work
Environment Improvement through
Industrial Ventilation

1. Air exhausted must be replaced by a

supply air
2. Avoid cross drafts of air near local
exhaust hoods
3. Short circuiting of air must be
prevented
Short Circuiting
Important Pointers of Work Environment
Improvement through Industrial
Ventilation

4. Provide excess exhaust capacity if there

are adjoining spaces
5. Contaminated air must be discharged
outdoors to avoid re-entry
6. Lay-out of equipment and process
should be considered in relation to the
direction of air flow
 Zone of
Contaminant
Release Operators
Breathing Zone Clean Air
Discharge Supply
Opening
LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION
(LEV)
It aims at the removal
of the air contaminants
from the working
environment before
they can reach the
breathing zone of the
workers in harmful
concentration.
LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION
SYSTEM
Duct Stack
Air Cleaning Device

Hoods Fan
 LOCAL EXHAUST HOODS

Enclosure Exterior Receiving

 TABLE OF RANGE OF
CONTROL VELOCITIES
Range of Control Velocities:

Condition of Dispersion of Examples Control Velocity,

Contaminant m/sec

Released with practically no Evaporation 0.25 – 0.50

velocity into quiet air from tanks

Released at low velocity into Spray booth, 0.50 – 1.0

moderately still air plating, welding

Active generation into zone of Barrel filling, 1.0 – 2.5

rapid air motion crushers

Released of high initial velocity Grinding, abrasive 2.5 – 10.0

into zone of rapid air motion blasting
 Parts of a Laboratory Hood

Front View Side (Inside) View

 Fume Hood Guidelines
 Keep hood surfaces clear
and baffles unobstructed to
allow proper airflow.

 Airflow in a fume hood

is easily disrupted; do
not use the fume hood
for storage!
 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
1. Reduction of work periods
2. Adjusting work schedules
3. Employee information and training
 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
1. Reduction of work periods
2. Adjusting work schedules
3. Employee information and training
4. Job Rotation
5. Education of supervisors

6. Housekeeping and Maintenance

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
(PPE)
Dust / Gas Respirators

Goggles/Spectacles

Face Shields
Gloves

Aprons
TYPES OF RESPIRATORS

1. Air Purifying Respirators

2. Air - supplying Respirators
 Types of Respirators (Air-Purifying)

Dust Mask/ Mechanical Filter Chemical Cartridge Type

Types of Respirators (Air-Supplying)

Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

SCBA
 Criteria for Selection
of Respirators

• Identification of contaminants
• Maximum possible concentration of
contaminants in the workarea
• Acceptability in terms of comfort
• Compatibility with the nature of job
• Proper fit to the face of user to prevent
leakage
Glove General Uses
Material

Butyl Offers the highest resistance to permeation by most gases and

water vapor. Especially suitable for use with esters and
ketones.
Neoprene Provides moderate abrasion resistance but good tensile strength
and heat resistance. Compatible with many acids, caustics
and oils.
Nitrile Excellent general duty glove. Provides protection from a wide
variety of solvents, oils, petroleum products and some
corrosives. Excellent resistance to cuts, snags, punctures and
abrasions.
PVC Provides excellent abrasion resistance and protection from most
fats, acids, and petroleum hydrocarbons.
PVA Highly impermeable to gases. Excellent protection from aromatic
and chlorinated solvents. Cannot be used in water or water-
based solutions.
Viton Exceptional resistance to chlorinated and aromatic solvents.
Good resistance to cuts and abrasions.
Silver Shield Resists a wide variety of toxic and hazardous chemicals.
Provides the highest level of overall chemical resistance.

Natural Provides flexibility and resistance to a wide variety of acids,

rubber caustics, salts, detergents and alcohols.
 REMEMBER…

 Allhazards can be controlled

 There are usually many alternative
methods of control
 Some methods of control are better
than the others
 Some situations will require more than
one control method to obtain optimum
results
SALAMAT PO!
 Substitution of Materials Used
Factors to be considered:

 Technological and
economical feasibility
 Availability of substitute
material
 Toxicological and safety
aspect
 Rules on Substitution
 Replace expensive
solvents with other
chemicals
 Replace hazardous
substance with a less
dangerous one
 Use of chemicals with
higher rather than lower
flashpoints
 Substitution Examples
 Freon instead of methyl bromide as a
refrigerant
 Methyl chloroform and
dichloromethane instead of carbon
tetrachloride
 Less toxic substitutes for asbestos as
an insulating material
 Modification in the Process or
Equipment

 Reduces contaminant generation

 Eliminate the formation of undesirable
by-products
 Eliminate or minimize physical contact
between workers and hazardous
substances
 Modification in the Process or
Equipment

 Reduces contaminant generation

 Eliminate the formation of undesirable
by-products
 Eliminate or minimize physical
contact between workers and
hazardous substances
 Modification in the Process or
Equipment

 Brush painting or dipping instead of spray

painting
 Vapor degreasing in tanks with adequate
ventilation system to replace
handwashing of parts in open containers
 Automatic electrostatic paint-spraying
instead of manual compressed-air paint-
spraying.
spraying
 Isolation or Shielding
 Closed system – used for toxic
chemicals
 Enclosures – total or partial usually
combined with local exhaust ventilation
 Separating Walls – if there are
operations more hazardous than the
others
 Distance – hazardous operations
performed at distant locations