Subject: Math 207 - Differential Equations and Complex Variables

Homework – 2 (Linear Second order ODE and Power series)

————————————————————————————————————————————-
Problem 1 ( Variation of Parameters) If the non-homogeneous equation y 00 + a(x)y 0 + b(x)y = f (x)
has yh (x) = c1 y1 (x) + c2 y2 (x) as a general solution of the associated homogeneous equation y 00 + a(x)y 0 +
b(x)y = 0. Show that the particular solution yp (x) of the non-homogeneous equation is given by
Z Z
y2 (x)f (x) y1 (x)f (x)
yp (x) = −y1 (x) dx + y2 (x) dx
W (y1 , y2 )(x) W (y1 , y2 )(x)

where W (y1 , y2 )(x) is the Wronskian of the two independent solutions y1 and y2 of the associated homo-
geneous equation.

Problem 2 (Method of undetermined coefficients) Solve the following differential equations using
method of undetermined coefficients.
1. y 00 + y = −30 sin 4x

2. y 00 + 4y 0 + 4y = 4 x2 + 6 ex
3. y 00 − y 0 − 6y = 20 e−2x , y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 6
4. y 00 − 4y 0 + 4y = 6 xe2x , y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 3

5. y 00 − 3y 0 + 2y = 3 e−x − 10 cos 3x, y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 2

Problem 3 (Variation of parameters) Solve the following differential equations using method of vari-
ation of parameters.
e2x
1. y 00 − 4y 0 + 4y = 6 + x

2. y 00 − 2y 0 + 4y = ex sin x
3. y 00 + 2y 0 + 4y = e−x ln x
4. y 00 + y = cos x, y(0) = 3, y 0 (0) = 0

Problem 4 (Euler Cauchy Equation) Solve the following differential equations.

1. x2 y 00 + 3xy 0 + y = 3x6

2. xy 00 − y 0 = (3 + x)x2 ex
3. x2 y 00 + 5xy 0 + 4y = 0, y(1) = 1, y 0 (1) = 1

Problem 5 (Higher order) Solve the following differential equations:

1. x3 y 000 − x2 y 00 + 2xy 0 − 2y = 0
2. y 000 + 3y 00 + 7y 0 + 5y = 0, y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0, y 00 (0) = 0.

3. y 000 − 2y 00 − 4y 0 + 8y = e−3x + 8x2

Problem 6 (Applications)

1. (Electric circuit) Find the steady-state current in the RLC-circuit if R = 8 Ω, L = 0.5 H, C =

0.1 F, E = 100 sin 2t V.
2. (Electric circuit) Find the transient current in the RLC-circuit if R = 6 Ω, L = 0.2 H, C =
0.025 F, E = 110 sin 10t V.

3. (Mass spring system) Find the steady-state oscillation of the mass-spring system modeled by the
ODE: y 00 + 6y 0 + 8y = 130 cos 3t.

1
 4. (Mass spring system) Find the transient motion of the mass-spring system modeled by the ODE:
y 00 + 2y 0 + 0.75y = 13 sin t.
1 5
Problem 7 (Legendre’s Equation) Show that P5 (x) = 8 (63x − 70x3 + 15x) using both Legendre
polynomial formula and Rodrigue formula.

Problem 8 (Bessel’s Equation) Show that

1. [x−ν Jν (x)]0 = −x−ν Jν+1 (x)
q
2. J−1/2 (x) = π2x cos x