UECM1713 Tutorial: Euler equations, Variation of parameters

1. Solve the given Euler equation.

(a) x2 y 00 + 5xy 0 + 4y = 0, x > 0.
(b) 3x2 y 00 + 6xy 0 + y = 0, x > 0.

Ans: (a) y = x2 (c1 + c2 ln x) (b) y = x1/2 c1 cos( 2 ln x) + c2 sin( 2 ln x)

2. Use the method of variation of parameters to find a particular solution of the given nonhomogeneous equation. Then find the general solution of the equation.
(a) y 00 + y = sec x tan x
(b) y 00 2y 0 + 2y = ex sin x
1
x
Ans: (a) y = c1 sin x + c2 cos x
+ x cos x + sin x ln | sec x| (b) y = e (A sin x + B cos x x cos x)
2
3. Solve by variation of parameters.
(a) xy 00 + y 0 = x, x > 0.
(b) x2 y 00 xy 0 + y = 2x, x > 0.
(c) x2 y 00 2xy 0 + 2y = x3 sin x, x > 0
2
Ans: (a) y = c1 +c2 ln x+ x4 . (b) y = c1 x+c2 x ln x+x(ln x)2 . (c)y = yh +yp = c1 x+c2 x2 x sin x
4. Solve the given initial value problem.
(a) t2 x00 (t) 12x(t) = 0, x(1) = 3, x0 (1) = 5.
(b) x2 y 00 + xy 0 + y = 0,
(c) xy 00 + y 0 = x,

y(1) = 1, y 0 (1) = 2.

y(1) = 1, y 0 (1) = 1/2.

Ans: x = 2t4 + t3 , y = cos ln x + 2 sin ln x, y =

3
x2
ln x +
4
4