Nanyang Technological University

School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences

Division of Mathematical Sciences

MH1811 Mathematics 2 Tutorial 1

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et
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1. Show that y = dt is a solution of the differential equation:
x 1 t

x2 y 0 + xy = ex .

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2. Verify that y = is a solution of the initial value problem:
ln x
x2 y 0 = xy − y 2 , y(e) = e, x > 1.

3. Solve the following initial-value problems:

√ 1 2 1 3
(a) y 0 = e2x + x + cos 3x, y(0) = 2 (Ans: y(x) = e2x + x3/2 + sin 3x + )
2 3 3 2
(b) y 00 = xex , y(0) = 3, y 0 (0) = 4 (Ans: y(x) = 5 + 5x − 2ex + xex )
dy √ √ √
(c) = y cos2 y (Ans: y = 0 or y = (nπ + π2 )2 , n = 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . or 2 tan( y) = x + C )
dx
π
(d) y 0 = y 2 + 1, y(0) = 1 (Ans: y = tan(x + ) )
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4. Solve the following differential equations:
dy
(a) y − (x − 2) = 0, for x > 2. (Ans: y = C(x − 2))
dx
dy x(y 2 − 1) (x − 1) + C(x − 2)2
(b) = (Ans: y = and y = −1)
dx 2(x − 2)(x − 1) (x − 1) − C(x − 2)2
dy p
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(c) y 2 = 3x2 y 3 − 6x2 (Ans: y = 2 + Ke3x3 )
dx
dy
(d) sec x = ey+sin x (Ans: y = − ln(C − esin x ) ) )
dx
5. Solve the following differential equations.
dy 2 2
 2

(a) + xy = xex /2 (Answer: y = e−x /2 12 ex + C )
dx  
dx 1
(b) (t − 1) − x − t = 0 (Answer: x = (t − 1) ln |t − 1| − +C )
dt t−1
(
1
eβx + Ce−αx , if α + β =
6 0
(c) y 0 +αy = eβx , where α and β are constants. (Ans: y = α+β −αx
(x + C)e , if α + β = 0.

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6. (Newton’s Law of Cooling) The rate of at which an object’s temperature T is changing at
any given time is roughly proportional to the difference between its temperature and the
temperature of the surrounding medium Tm . Thus we have
dT
= −k(T − Tm ),
dt
where k is a constant. Suppose the initial temperature of the object is T0 .

(a) Show that

T − Tm = (T0 − Tm )e−kt .

(b) A hard-boiled egg at 98◦ C is put in a sink of 18◦ C water. After 5 minutes, the egg’s
temperature is 38◦ C. Assuming that the water has not warmed appreciably, how much
longer will it take the egg to reach 20◦ C? (Answer: About 8 mins.)

7. (Mixture problem.) A tank contains 1000 L of water in which initially 100 g of salt is dissolved.
Brine runs in at a rate of 10 L/min, and each liter (L) contains 5 g of dissolved salt. The mixture
in the tank is kept uniform by stirring. Brine runs out at 10 L/min. Find the amount of salt
in the tank at any time t. (Answer: 5000 − 4900e−0.01t )

8. Consider the initial value problem

dy
x2 = x2 + xy + y 2 , where x > 0, y(1) = 0.
dx
(i) Use the substitution y = vx, where v is a function of x, to transform the differential
dy
equation x2 = x2 + xy + y 2 into the following differential equation relating v and x,
dx
1 dv 1
2
= , x > 0.
1 + v dx x

(ii) Use part (i) to solve the initial value problem, that is find y in terms of x.