Heat Technology

Chapter 10 Section 4
Objectives:
• Analyze several kinds of heating systems

• Describe how a heat engine works

• Explain how a refrigerator keeps food cold

• List some effects of heat technology and the

environment
It’s a Fact!
• Heating, cooling, and breathing can produce
hazardous waste gases and vapors

• An adequate ventilation system provides about

280L to 850L of outside air per min. for each
person in a room
Important names in history…
• James Watt (modern steam engine)

• Rudolf Diesel & Gottlieb Daimler (internal

combustion engines – 2 and 4-cycle engines)

• Karl Benz (patented internal combustion

engines) – credited with Daimler for building
the first automobile
 Examples of Heat Technology:
• Heater in your home

• Automobiles

• Refrigerators

• Air conditioners

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Heating Systems:

• Many homes and buildings have a central

heating system that controls the temperature of
every room

• There are several different kinds…

Hot Water Heating:
• The high specific heat of water makes it useful
for heating systems

• Hot water heaters raise the temperature of water

• Heated water is pumped through pipes that lead

to radiators in each room

• The water returns to the heater to be heated

again
Warm Air Heating:
• Air cannot hold as much thermal energy as water can

• Air is heated by burning fuel (natural gas) in a furnace

• The air travels through ducts to different rooms

• Cool air sinks and enters vents near the floor

• A fan forces the cooler air into the furnace to be heated

again

• Air filters clean the air

 Heating & Insulation:
• Heat can escape quickly. How do you create a
system that is not wasteful?

• Insulation: a material that reduces the transfer

of thermal energy; used in walls, ceilings, floors

• Fiberglass insulation

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It’s a Fact!

• Earth receives enough energy from the sun in 1

minute to meet the planet’s energy demands for
an entire year!!
Solar Heating:
• Passive solar heating: no moving parts; relies on
the building’s structural design & materials

• Active solar heating: has moving parts; pumps

and fans distribute the sun’s energy
 Solar Home Design:

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Heat Engines:
• Automobiles work because of heat

• Heat engine: a machine that transforms heat

into mechanical energy, or work

• Fuel combines with oxygen in a chemical change

that releases thermal energy: combustion
External Combustion Engines:
• Heat engines that burn fuel outside the engine

• Fuel is burned to release thermal energy that can

be used to do work

• Ex: simple steam engine

▫ Steam drives pistons or turbines to generate
electrical energy from thermal energy
 External Combustion Engine:

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Internal Combustion Engines:
• Heat engines that burn fuel inside the engine

• Fuel used is gasoline in a 6-cylinder car engine

(burned inside the cylinders)
Internal Combustion Engines:
• A series of steps in burning fuel:
1. Intake stroke: gas and air enter cylinder
2. Compression stroke: crankshaft turns and
pushes piston up compressing the fuel mixture
3. Power stroke: spark plug uses electrical energy
to ignite the compressed fuel mixture, piston
moves down
4. Exhaust stroke: crankshaft turns and piston is
forced back up, pushing gasses out of the
cylinder
 Internal Combustion Engine:

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Cooling Systems:
• Transfers thermal energy from a warm area to
an area outside

• Thermal energy naturally goes from an area of

higher temperature to an area of lower
temperature

• Air conditioners need to do work to move warm

air to a warmer area
Cooling & Energy:
• Most cooling systems require electrical energy to
do the work

• Electrical energy is used by a device called a

compressor (compresses the refrigerant)

• The refrigerant is a gas that has a boiling point

below room temperature, it condenses easily
 How a refrigerator works…

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Heat Technology & Thermal Pollution:
• All systems transfer heat to the environment

• Negative effect of excess thermal energy:

thermal pollution (excessive heating of a body of
water)

• Thermal “waste” energy

• Dangerous for organisms that live in the water

Quick Quiz:
• You can cool the kitchen by leaving the
refrigerator door open. (T/F)

• Refrigeration is possible because of energy

absorbed and released during changes in state
(T/F)

• A radiator heats a room by heating the air, which

circulates in convection currents (T/F)