Thermalfluid Lab – MEC 554 / LSRC / SCA Rev.

01-2017

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
_________________________________________________________________________
Program : Bachelor of Engineering (Hons.) Mechanical
Course : Thermalfluids Lab
Course Code : MEC 554
Lecturer/Tutor Name : Dr Aman Mohd Ihsan Bin Mamat
Group : EMD5M4B
________________________________________________________________________________
Lab Report
Experiment’s Title
Analysis of Air-conditioning Processes
Link YouTube: https://youtu.be/76GNvQkoMn8
Bil Student Name Student ID Signature
NUR ARNIESHA AZZWAR BINTI ABDULLAH 2019685552
1.

NUR NAJWA ‘IZZATI BINTI SHAFARIZAL 2020452938

2.

WAN AMINUDDIN BIN WAN AHMAD YUSRI 2019685866

3.

Lab Session : 8 NOVEMBER 2021 Approved by:

Submission of Report : 15 NOVEMBER 2021 Received by:

ABSTRACT
The experiment which is to analyse type of air conditioning process had been discuss for a week.
There are given raw experimental data. The data help us to determine pressure at certain
temperature, relative humidity, specific humidity, enthalpy and use molar mass. The application
of conservation of mass also was used in order to calculate mass flow rate. The interpolation
from property table also important to our case.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................2

INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................1

OBJECTIVE..................................................................................................................................6

LIST OF THE APPARATUS.......................................................................................................6

PROCEDURE................................................................................................................................8

RESULT AND CALCULATION..............................................................................................12

DISCUSSION...............................................................................................................................24

CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................30

REFERENCES............................................................................................................................31

APPENDIX..................................................................................................................................33

REPORT ASSESSMENT FORM..............................................................................................i

 LIST OF TABLE

Table 1 Results of Analysis of Air-Conditioning Process..........................................................................12

Table 2 Steam Humidification Data Table................................................................................................19
Table 3: Cooling and Dehumidification Data Table 1...............................................................................21
Table 4:Cooling and Dehumidification Data Table 2................................................................................22
Table 5 Experimental Data........................................................................................................................33
 LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1:Schematic diagram of the air conditioning unit used in the experiment...........................1
Figure 2 : Heating process...............................................................................................................2
Figure 3: Cooling process.................................................................................................................3
Figure 4: Different processes...........................................................................................................4
Figure 5: Psychrometric Chart.........................................................................................................5
Figure 6: Computer Linked Air Conditioning Laboratory Unit......................................................6
Figure 7: Screen display readings....................................................................................................7
Figure 8: Type of switch turn on for Cooling and Dehumidification..............................................8
Figure 9: Type of switch turn on for 1kW heat supplied.................................................................9
Figure 10 : Type of switch turn on for 1.5kW heat supplied .....................................................10
Figure 11: Type of switch turn on for Steam humidification process...........................................11
Figure 12: Schematic of A Modem Air-Conditioning System With Advanced Air Treatment
Processes........................................................................................................................................27
Figure 13: Automotive Air-conditioning unit................................................................................29
INTRODUCTION

Air-conditioning is the process of treating air to meet the needs of the people who live in
the conditioned environment. By experiencing specific thermodynamic processes, the properties
of air may be adjusted. Simple heating, steam humidification, simple cooling, and
dehumidification are the most fundamental operations in an air-conditioning system.

Human comfort zone is a condition that reflects satisfaction with one's thermal
surroundings. The sensation of temperature in a place is referred to as thermal comfort.
Maximum productivity is aided by optimal levels of thermal comfort. Temperature, humidity, air
purity, and air movement are all essential aspects in human comfort. An air conditioning system
is a system that successfully manages these conditions to create the intended effects on the
inhabitants of a room.

Using a Computer Linked Air Conditioning Laboratory Unit, we are analysing the air-
conditioning process (P.A. Hilton). The psychometrics chart may be used to determine the
qualities of treated air.

Figure 1:Schematic diagram of the air conditioning unit used in the experiment

1
 Air conditioning is the process of treating air to manipulate its temperature, humidity,
cleanliness, and distribution at the same time in order to meet the needs of a conditioned
environment. Typically, the assembly includes a heating system for adjusting the inside
temperature and humidity in the winter. To transfer interior heat to a suitable heat sink, such as
the outdoors, most air conditioning systems use a vapour-compression refrigeration system.
Steady flow processes can be used to show air conditioning:

Mass conservationDry air : ∑ ma ,i=∑ mw ,e

Water : ∑ mw ,i =∑ mw ,e

Energy Equation for steady flow : ∑ Ei =∑ Eo

Qi +W i + ∑ mi hi=Qe +W e + ∑ me h e

Sensible heating

Since moisture is added or withdrawn into the air stream, the quantity of moisture for basic
heating and cooling remains constant. As a result, the specific humidity at the inlets and outlets is
the same.

Heating process - Inside a duct, air flows through resistance wires (heaters). As heat is delivered
to the air stream, the temperature of the dry bulb rises (Te>Ti).

Figure 2 : Heating process

Cooling Process - The air flow goes through the

cooling coil (refrigerator evaporator tubes). Heat is transferred from the hotter air stream to the
cooler refrigerant of chilled water flow, lowering the temperature of the dry bulb (Te < Ti).

2
 Figure 3: Cooling process

Conservation of energy

Q=ma ( h2−h 1)

Steam humidification –

Since the moisture content is constant (mv and constant), while the peak moisture absorption
capacity (mg) increases with temperature rise, the relative humidity is low (air is dry). If steam is
utilised to humidify, this will result in extra heating. The stream will be slightly cooled if water is
sprayed.

Mass conservation Dry air mass balance: ma ,1=m a ,2 =ma ,3=ma , 4

Water mass balance :ma ,1 ω1=ma ,2 ω2 ( heating )

m a ,2 ω 2=m a ,3 ω3 (humidifying)

mw =ma (ω3−ω2)

Energy balance :Q ¿ +m a h1=m a h2

Q¿ =ma (h ¿ ¿ 1−h2)¿

Cooling and dehumidification –

Dehumidification is a condensation-based procedure for removing excess moisture from dry air.
It's done by changing the cooling process. The air is allowed to cool for a longer time before

3
reaching its dew point (saturation state). Further cooling towards the saturation point (100
percent relative humidity 0) will cause some of the moisture in the air to condense.

Dry air mass balance: ma ,1=m a ,2 =ma

Water mass balance :ma ,2 ω2 +mw =ma ,3 ω❑

Energy balance :Q out +m ( h2−h1 ) −m w hw

There are reference for psychrometric chart:

Figure 4: Different processes

4
Figure 5: Psychrometric Chart

5
OBJECTIVE
The objective of our experiment is to find out the changes in air properties as it is treated in a
basic air-conditioning unit.

LIST OF THE APPARATUS

 Computer Linked Air Conditioning Laboratory Unit (P.A. Hilton)

Figure 6: Computer Linked Air Conditioning Laboratory Unit

6
Figure 7: Screen display readings

7
PROCEDURE

The unit was started by having the suction fan running and the screen displaying the master
Menu. Program 1 shows the process data displayed on a schematic layout of the system. Program
2 displays the properties of the treated air on the psychrometric chart

a) No process
1. The data and psychrometric chart were printed to read the initial properties of the
air as it enters the air-conditioning unit
b) Cooling and Dehumidification
1. The compressor of the refrigeration system was turned on.
2. The air was cooled until 18°C to 20°C (stable temperature)
3. The time and rate of condensation (100ml) from the beginning of the cooling
process (stable temperature) were measured.
4. The data and psychrometric chart were printed.
5. The heat rate and amount of moisture removed from the air were calculated.
6. The compressor was switched off to start the sensible heating process

Figure 8: Type of switch turn on for Cooling and Dehumidification

8
c) Sensible Heating
1. 1 kW pre-heater switch was turned on and allowed for 5 minutes. The data and
psychrometric chart were printed
2. Next, the power heater was increased to 1.5kW by turning on the 0.5 kW re-
heater switch and allowed for 5 minutes. The data and psychrometric chart were
printed.
3. All the switches were turned off to start the Steam humidification process
In this process, the temperature rise of the air at the exit were be calculated

Figure 9: Type of switch turn on for 1kW heat supplied

9
 Figure 10 : Type of switch turn on for 1.5kW heat supplied 

d) Steam humidification
1. All water heaters switches were turned on to boil the water.
2. When steam was produced, only 3 kW of heat was turned on to maintain the
steam and allow 5 minutes.
3. The data and psychrometric chart were printed.
4. After that, the amount of steam introduced, the change in relative humidity, and
the corresponding rise of temperature were calculated
5. All the switches were turned off after all the experiment complete

10
Figure 11: Type of switch turn on for Steam humidification process

11
RESULT AND CALCULATION
Cooling &
Experiment Sensible Heating
No Steam Dehumidification
Process Humidification 5
Reading 1kW 1.5kW 100 ml
mins
29.0°
T1 (TAd) 28.1°C 28.7°C 28.9°C 28.9°C 29.3°C
C
24.5°
T2 (TAw) 25.2°C 25.3°C 25.4°C 25.4°C 24.8°C
C
29.1°
T3 (TAd) 28.3°C 39.6°C 41.4°C 32.2°C 29.4°C
C
27.0°
T4 (TAw) 25.8°C 28.6°C 31.0°C 31.3°C 29.0°C
C
18.2°
T5 (TAd) 28.1°C 28.3°C 32.5°C 31.4°C 18.1°C
C
15.0°
T6 (TAw) 25.0°C 27.9°C 28.2°C 30.7°C 18.0°C
C
17.8°
T7 TAd) 28.1°C 27.8°C 37.0°C 31.3°C 17.9°C
C
14.0°
T8 (TAw) 25.0°C 27.5°C 29.0°C 30.8°C 17.8°C
C
19.9°
T9 (T1) x x x x 19.4°C
C
69.1°
T10 (T2) x x x x 78.9°C
C
40.8°
T11 (T3) x x x x 41.8°C
C
T12 (T4) x x x x 3.4°C 3.9°C
Qp (W) x 993.6 980.2 x x x
Qr (W) x 0 521.2 x x x
Qb (W) x x x 3662.8 x x
Pevap (P1) kPa x x x x 179.7 185.8
Pcond (P3) kPa x x x x 966.9 1000
ma (gram/sec) 217.6 217.2 213.6 214.7 221.1 220.9
mr x x x x 0 0
Time x x x x 5 mins 15 mins 40 s
Drain Water
x x x x x 100 ml
(ml)
Table 1 Results of Analysis of Air-Conditioning Process

Sample Calculation

12
No Process

From the experimental data,

T 1 ( T AD )=28.1℃

T 2 ( T AW )=25.2 ℃

217.6 g 1 kg kg
m a= × =0.2176
s 1000 g s

C p=1.005 Kj . K /Kg

Saturated pressure, Pg

By using Table, A-4, At T1=28.1℃

28.1−25 Pg −3.1698
=
30−25 4.2469−3.1698

Pg =3.8376 kPa

Relative humidity ∅

Based on psychometric chart, where at:

T 1 ( T AD )=28.1℃

T 2 ( T AW )=25.2 ℃

∅=79.00 %

Specific humidity, ω

Pv
∅=
Pg

13
Pv =∅ v x P g

Pv =0.79× 3.8376=3.0317 kPa

0.622 Pv
ω=
P atm −Pv

0.622 ( 3.0455 )
¿
101.325−3.0455

¿ 0.01927

Enthalpy

h1 =C p T 1 +ω 1 h g

Where h g can be find using interpolation method by refer table A-4,

30−25 2555.6−2546.5
=
28.1−25 h g−2546.5

kJ
h g=2552.14
kg

Substitute value h g into h1 =C p T 1 +ω 1 h g, we will get

h1 =1.005 ( 28.1 ) + ( 0.01927 )( 2552.14 )

kJ
h1 =77.42
kg

14
Sensible heating

The temperature rises of the air at the exit:

 1kW pre-heater

∆ T dry =T 7 −T 1=27.8−28.7=−0.9 ° C

∆ T wet =T 8−T 2=27.5−25.3=2.2° C

From experimental data:

T 3 ( T AD ) =39.6℃

T 4 ( T AW ) =28.6 ℃

By using psychometric chart, relative humidity is ∅=4 5 %

By using table A-9, we can calculate saturation pressure for T 3 ( T AD ).

40−35 7.3851−5.6291
=
39.6−35 Pg −5.6291

Pg =7.2446 KPa

Specific humidity, ω

Pv 2
∅=
Pg

Pv 2=∅ x P g

Pv =0.45× 7.2446=3.2601 kPa

15
 0.622 Pv
ω 2=
P atm−P v

0.622 ( 3.2601 )
¿
101.325−3.2601

¿ 0.0207

Enthalpy

h2 =C p T 3 + ω2 hg …… 1

Using table A-4, h g can be determined;

40−35 2573.5−2564.6
=
39.6−35 h g−2564.6

kJ
h g=2572.79 …... 2
kg

Substitute 2 into 1

h2 =1.005 ( 39.6 )+ ( 0.0206 ) (2572.79 )

kJ
h2 =92.797
kg

16
  1.5kW pre-heater

∆ T dry =T 7 −T 1=37.0−28.9=8.1° C

∆ T wet =T 8−T 2=29.0−25.4=3.6 ° C

From experimental data:

T 3 ( T AD ) =41.4 ℃

T 4 ( T AW ) =31.0℃

Using psychometric chart, the relative humidity ∅=48 %

Pg , Saturation Pressure for T 3 ( T AD );

45−40 9.5953−7.3851
=
41.4−40 P g−7.3851

Pg =8.004 KPa

Specific humidity, ω

Pv 2
∅=
Pg

Pv =∅ x P g

Pv =0.48× 8.004=3.842 kPa

0.622 Pv
ω 2=
P atm−P v

17
 0.622 ( 3.842 )
¿
101.325−3.842

¿ 0.0245

Enthalpy

h2 =C p T 3 + ω2 hg …… 1

Referring table A-4, h g can be determined using interpolation;

45−40 2582.4−2573.5
=
41.4−40 hg −2573.5

kJ
h g=2575.99 …… 2
kg

Substitute 2 into 1;

h3 =1.005 ( 41.4 ) + ( 0.0245 )( 2575.99 )

kJ
h3 =104.719
kg

18
Steam Humidification:

By using psychometric chart, we get:

State Temperature Relative Humidity,∅ Humidity ratio, Enthalpy, h

(°C) (%) ω kJ
( ¿
kg
1 T1(Ad) = 28.9 75 0.020 78
T2(Aw) = 25.4
2 T3(Ad) = 32.2 93 0.030 106
T4(Aw) = 31.3
3 T5(Ad) = 31.4 95 0.029 103
T6(Aw) = 30.7
4 T7(Ad) = 31.3 96 0.028 104
T8(Aw) = 30.8
Table 2 Steam Humidification Data Table

*Remarks ω state

Mass of Moisture

ṁc =ṁ ( ω2 −ω1 )

¿ 0.2147 ( 0.030−0.020 )

Kg
¿ 2.147 x 1 0−3
s

Change of relative Humidity

△ ∅=∅ 2−∅ 1=93−75=18 %

Temperature rises

19
∆ T dry =T 3 −T 1=32.2−28.9=3.1 ° C

∆ T wet =T 4 −T 2=31.3−25.4=3.3 ° C

Cooling And Dehumidification:

20
 i. For first 5 minutes

By using psychometric chart, we get:

State Temperature Relative Humidity,∅ Humidity ratio, Enthalpy, h

(°C) (%) ω kJ
( ¿
kg
1 T1(Ad) = 29.0 69 0.017 74
T2(Aw) = 24.5
2 T3(Ad) = 29.1 85 0.022 85
T4(Aw) = 27.0
3 T5(Ad) = 18.2 71 0.010 42
T6(Aw) = 15.0
4 T7(Ad) = 17.8 66 0.008 39
T8(Aw) = 14.0
Table 3: Cooling and Dehumidification Data Table 1

*Remarks ω state

Moisture removes

ṁc =ṁ ( ω2 −ω3 )

¿ 0.2211 ( 0.022−0.010 )

Kg
¿ 2.653 x 1 0−3
s

Saturated water-temperature table A-4, Temperature at T3(Ad)

20−15 83.915−62.982
=
18.2−15 hf −62.982

Kg
h f =76.379
KJ

Heat rate

21
 ṁ ( ( h2 −h3 )− ( ṁc h f ) )
Q̇=
t

0.2211 ( ( 85−42 )−( 0.002653 x 76.379 ))

¿
5 ×60

¿ 0.0315KJ/s

ii. Achieve 100ml (15 minutes and 40 seconds)

By using psychometric chart, we get:

Temperature Relative Humidity,∅ Humidity ratio, Enthalpy, h

(°C) (%) ω kJ
( ¿
kg
1 T1(Ad) = 29.3 66 0.017 73
T2(Aw) = 24.8
2 T3(Ad) = 29.4 97 0.026 94
T4(Aw) = 29.0
3 T5(Ad) = 18.1 99 0.013 51
T6 Aw) = 18.0
4 T7(Ad) = 17.9 99 0.013 50
T8 Aw) = 17.8
Table 4:Cooling and Dehumidification Data Table 2

*Remarks ω state

Moisture removes

ṁc =ṁ ( ω2 −ω3 )

¿ 0.2209 ( 0.026−0.013 )

Kg
¿ 2.872 x 1 0−3
s

Saturated water-temperature table A-4, Temperature at T3

22
 20−15 83.915−62.982
=
18.1−15 hf −62.982

Kg
h f =75.2605
KJ

Heat rate

ṁ ( ( h2 −h3 )− ( ṁc h f ) )
Q̇=
t

0.2209 ( ( 94−51 )−( 0.002872 x 72.2605 ) )

¿
940

¿ 0.01006KJ/s

23
DISCUSSION
a) Answer all the problems in the experimental and discuss the results obtained by
explaining the factors that contributes to the air property changes for each process
problems
1- No process

It was discovered that the dry bulb temperature value was greater than the wet bulb
temperature value. The dry bulb temperature was greater because it was closest to the blower
speed control, which produces no steam at dry temperatures. However, when the temperature is
moist, it is closest to the steam injector. In the no process experiment, the dry bulb temperature,
T1, was 28.1 degrees Celsius, and the wet bulb temperature, T 2, was 25.2 degrees Celsius. At T3,
the temperature rises to 28.3 degrees Celsius, then drops to 28.1 degrees Celsius at T 5, and then
constant to 28.1 degrees Celsius at T7. The values for the moist temperature drop at T4; 23.8
degrees Celsius, then the temperature rise at T6; 25.0 degrees Celsius. No process in air
conditioning means that no heat is created, and all of the properties produced are the same as the
room temperature.

2- Sensible heating

a) 1 kW

When comparing the value of dry and wet bulb temperatures, it was discovered that dry
bulb temperatures yielded a larger value than wet temperatures. The dry temperature, T 1,
was 28.7 degrees Celsius, while the wet bulb temperature, T 2, was 25.3 degrees Celsius.
The values acquired as a result of this method were then not constant. The dry bulb
temperature had been elevated at T3, but subsequently lowered till T7. The wet bulb
temperature measurements follow the same trend as dry bulb temperature values. The
temperature drops at T4 and then fell linearly toT8.

24
 b) 1.5 kW

When comparing the value of dry and wet bulb temperatures, it was discovered
that dry bulb temperatures yielded a larger value than wet temperatures. The dry bulb
temperature, T1, was 28.9 degrees Celsius, while the wet temperature, T2, was 25.4
degrees Celsius. The values acquired as a result of this method were then not constant.
The dry bulb temperature had been elevated at T 3, but subsequently lowered till T7. The
wet bulb temperature measurements follow the same trend as dry bulb temperature
values. The temperature rises at T4 and then fell linearly to T8.

Both the preheat and the reheat, in theory, are increasing the temperature of the air
because they both deliver heat to the air. Unfortunately, some temperature reduction
occurs during air flow to the output. To fix this problem, the air must be reheated to a
specific temperature so that we can get the desired temperature.3- Steam humidification.
We can see from the data that after turning on the water heater to boil the water, the
output temperature for both dry and wet bulb temperature began to rise. The steam that
was created from the boiling water is obviously the source of the temperature increase.
Steam appears to raise the temperature of the wet bulb more than the other methods. We
may benefit from these reactions by adding air to raise the humidity of the air, and by
adding steam to increase the temperature of the air.

3- Steam humidification

According to the results of the experiment, once the water heater is turned on to boil the
water, the dry and wet temperatures rise. It has been discovered that the steam created by boiling
water raises both the wet and dry temperatures. Wet temperature rises faster than other processes.
Because of the steam, the humidity of the air rises throughout this procedure. All water heaters
were turned on to boil the water and create steam for the steam humidification process. When the
steam was created, just 3kW of heat was switched on to keep the steam flowing. As can be seen
from the data, the temperature value for both the dry and wet bulb is consistent. The 3kW heater
is correctly working, in other words, the steam is effectively maintained, as evidenced by the
consistent value of the temperature measured. Maintaining steam pressure is critical for

25
achieving the process aim of humidifying the air. Steam must be maintained to provide a high
moisture content in the air, as well as a high humidity level. The relative humidity derived from
the psychometric chart is extremely high (98%), indicating that the air has been successfully
humidified. Finally, when compared to prior methods, this one has a much greater temperature
value. The temperature value may be influenced by the steam created before.

4- Cooling and dehumidification

The obtained values for both dry and wet bulb temperatures varied, increasing at T 3 and T4,
decreasing at T5 and T6, and then increasing again at T7 and T8. However, this technique resulted
in temperatures of up to T12. As for that, since the cooling and dehumidification processes are
both engaged, all of the temperature readings are at a lower value. The chilled air has begun to
circulate, lowering the room temperature. In terms of the factor that contributes to the change in
air property for this process, it is due to compressor utilization, which in turn causes the
temperature of the air to drop, resulting in cooled air flowing out of the system.

26
b) Find the schematic of a modem air-conditioning system with advanced air treatment
processes and explain the function of the main devices.

Figure 12: Schematic of A Modem Air-Conditioning System With Advanced Air

Treatment Processes

27
28
 The function of main device:

N Devices Functions
o
1 Compressor The heat contained in the refrigerant is concentrated when it is circulated under
pressure in the system. Low-pressure gas is replaced by high-pressure gas. Only
by having a restriction in the high-pressure side of the system can this pressure be
built up.
2 Condenser To receive the high-pressure gas from the compressor and convert this gas to a
liquid. Heat transfer, or the concept that heat will always travel from a warmer to
a colder substance, is how it works. The heat is carried away by air flowing over
the condenser coils, and the gas condenses.
3 Evaporator The refrigerant liquid is transformed to a gas, which absorbs heat from the
compartment's air. When the liquid refrigerant reaches the evaporator, its
pressure is dropped, allowing it to dissipate its heat content and become
significantly cooler than the surrounding fan air. As a result, the refrigerant
absorbs heat from the warm air and swiftly reaches its low boiling point. The
refrigerant then vaporizes, absorbing as much heat as possible.
4 Expansion It allows the liquid refrigerant to expand or change state from liquid to vapor in
valve the evaporator by removing pressure from it. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant
enters in a quiet environment and exits in a chilly environment. The valve's
orifice does not remove heat; instead, it decreases pressure.

29
 c) Explain with the suitable diagrams the operation and arrangements in an
automotive air-conditioning unit.

Figure 13: Automotive Air-conditioning unit

Firstly, the evaporator, which is another heat exchanger used in air conditioning, absorbs
heat from the passenger compartment and turns liquid refrigerant running through it into
vapours, which are then cooled by the blower fan. This high-temperature, low-pressure vapour is
then delivered to a compressor, which raises the pressure above the vapour and turns the vapour
refrigerant to liquid refrigerant. The refrigerant is now in a liquid condition at high pressure and
temperature. This high-pressure, high-temperature liquid refrigerant is then transported to the
condenser, which uses forced convection produced by the radiator fan or a separate fan to drop

30
the temperature of the refrigerant. The refrigerant is now at a low temperature, but the liquid
pressure is about the same. The high-pressure, low-temperature refrigerant is then transferred to
the expansion valve, which relieves the pressure and restores the refrigerant to its original state.
The refrigerant is subsequently returned to the evaporator to complete the cycle.

CONCLUSION
The objective of the experiment which is to observe and understand the changes in air
properties as it is treated in a basic air- conditioning unit was successfully achieved. The most
basic of processes involved in an air-conditioning system are simple heating, steam
humidification, simple cooling, and dehumidification where the purpose of that processes is to
maintain a room or industrial facility at the desired temperature and humidity. It is very
important to know the application behind the air- conditioning system to improve the current
invention of air- condition.

31
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Alhamdo, M. H., Theeb, M. A., Abdulhameed, J., Marques, J. G. O., Costa, A., Pereira, C.,
Fortini, A., Situmbeko, S., Inambao, F., Dhillon, A., Ghosh, P., Raveau, P., Burin, E.,
Bazzo, E., & Chancán, M. (2020, November 27). Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the air-
conditioning system with... ResearchGate. Retrieved November 11, 2021, from

32
 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Schematic-Diagram-of-the-air-Conditioning-system-
with-modifications-and-sensors_fig4_283184242.

Mishra, P. (2020, June 4). How A car air conditioning system works? - nicely explained.
Mechanical Booster. Retrieved November 11, 2021, from
https://www.mechanicalbooster.com/2017/12/car-air-conditioning-system.html.

APPENDIX
LS-1:Analysis of Air

33
Conditioning
Processes

Experiment
Sensible Heating Steam Cooling & Dehumidification
No Process
Reading
Humidification
1kW 1.5kW 5 mins 100 ml
T1 (TAd) 28.1°C 28.7°C 28.9°C 28.9°C 29.0°C 29.3°C
T2 (TAw) 25.2°C 25.3°C 25.4°C 25.4°C 24.5°C 24.8°C
T3 (TAd) 28.3°C 39.6°C 41.4°C 32.2°C 29.1°C 29.4°C
T4 (TAw) 25.8°C 28.6°C 31.0°C 31.3°C 27.0°C 29.0°C
T5 (TAd) 28.1°C 28.3°C 32.5°C 31.4°C 18.2°C 18.1°C
T6 (TAw) 25.0°C 27.9°C 28.2°C 30.7°C 15.0°C 18.0°C
T7 TAd) 28.1°C 27.8°C 37.0°C 31.3°C 17.8°C 17.9°C
T8 (TAw) 25.0°C 27.5°C 29.0°C 30.8°C 14.0°C 17.8°C
T9 (T1) x x x x 19.9°C 19.4°C
T10 (T2) x x x x 69.1°C 78.9°C
T11 (T3) x x x x 40.8°C 41.8°C
T12 (T4) x x x x 3.4°C 3.9°C
Qp (W) x 993.6 980.2 x x x
Qr (W) x 0 521.2 x x x
Qb (W) x x x 3662.8 x x
Pevap (P1) kPa x x x x 179.7 185.8
Pcond (P3) kPa x x x x 966.9 1000
ma (gram/sec) 217.6 217.2 213.6 214.7 221.1 220.9
mr x x x x 0 0
Time x x x x 5 mins 15 mins 40 s
Drain Water (ml) x x x x x 100 ml

Table 5 Experimental Data

34
 FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
40450 SHAH ALAM
SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN
Tel: 03-55435190 Fax: 03-55435160

_ _

REPORT ASSESSMENT FORM

Experiment’s Title:
ANALYSIS OF AIR CONDITIONING PROCESSES

Prepared by:

Bil Name Matrix No Signature

1. NUR NAJWA ‘IZZATI BINTI SHAFARIZAL 2020452938
2. NUR ARNIESHA AZZWAR BINTI ABDULLAH 2019685552

3. WAN AMINUDDIN BIN WAN AHMAD YUSRI 2019685866

Course Outcome Full Mark Assessment Given Mark

No Technical Report
Full Mark Given Mark
1 Introduction CO2 10
Experimental
2 C02 10
Procedures
Data/result/sample of
3 CO2 20
calculation
Discussion and
4 CO2 20
Conclusion
TOTAL 60 /60
Course Outcome Full Mark Assessment Given Mark
No Writing Performance
Full Mark Given Mark
1 Structure CO3 5
2 Graphics/Figures/Tables C03 5
i
3 Mechanics CO3 5