Adventist University of the Philippines

Child Observation: Case Study in Child Development

Submitted by:

Christie Laput

Submitted to:

Mrs. Marieta Pagaduan

Course Instructor
I. Background
Data for the present study are derived from observations and vital statements gathered
from significant people that surround around the main focus of the study.

Children today differ to the children of old days, they have some other ways of
approaching people and interacting with them.

This research is to determine and identify some cases and ways that might help some
learning students include the Family or concern people for the main focus of this study,
to understand the early learning process and how can we build relationship with them
at a proper way. (Laure Falzon; Benefits of studying children;2016)

II. The Problem

Pinochio La Luz is a boy,5 Years Old. Enrolled as pre-school pupil. First Born in the
family. His favorite color is Blue. He likes to Play with cars and listening stories.

Pinochio La Luz is a smart boy. He participates and listens to his teacher. He knows how
to distinguish sounds of the animals and yet during exam week or written quizzes, he lost
the advantage due to lack of the ability to read.

III Related literature

What are reading disorders? Reading disorders occur when a person has trouble reading
words or understanding what they read. Dyslexia is one type of reading disorder. It
generally refers to difficulties reading individual words and can lead to problems
understanding text.

Most reading disorders result from specific differences in the way the brain processes
written words and text.1 Usually, these differences are present from a young age. But a
person can develop a reading problem from an injury to the brain at any age.
People with reading disorders often have problems recognizing words they already know
and understanding text they read. They also may be poor spellers. Not everyone with a
reading disorder has every symptom.

Reading disorders are not a type of intellectual or developmental disorder, and they are
not a sign of lower intelligence or unwillingness to learn.

Dyslexia is defined by the main two international classifications —DSM-IV and ICD-

10 — as a specific and persistent learning disability affecting the acquisition and
development of the written language code (reading and spelling) and causing significant
handicap to academic achievement and/or activities of daily life; it is considered where
reading performance is poorer than one standard deviation below the expected level for a
given age and intelligence and where these deficits cannot be explained by sensorial,
neurological, psychiatric, motivational, or other cause or by inadequate educational

instruction.( Michel Habib, Kimberly Giraud, in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2013)

Most reading problems are present from the time a child learns to read. But some people
lose the ability to read after a stroke or an injury to the area of the brain involved with
reading. This kind of reading disorder is called alexia.
(Leora Reiff Cherney (2015). Aphasia, Alexia, and Oral Reading, 22-36)

Hyperlexia is a disorder where people have advanced reading skills but may have
problems understanding what is read or spoken aloud. They may also have cognitive or
social problems.
(Darold Treffert MD.(2016) Hyperlexia in children: what is it and what to look for?)

Other people may have normal reading skills but have problems understanding written
words. (Landi, N., & Ryherd, K. (2017). Understanding specific reading comprehension deficit: A
review. Language and Linguistics Compass, 11(2), e12234.)

There is no single known cause of reading disorders, but research shows that disorders
are related to the brain’s inability to recognize and decipher sound/language aspects of
printed words.
 According to the International Dyslexia Association (IDA), it is estimated that up to 20
percent of the population has some symptoms of reading disorders. Reading disorders can
be inherited in certain families, and recent studies have identified genes that may put
someone at a higher risk to develop a disorder. (Conrad, A. (2018). Developmental Reading
Disorders)

Dyslexia tends to run in families. It appears to be linked to certain genes that affect how
the brain processes reading and language, as well as risk factors in the environment
includes the family history of dyslexia or other learning disabilities, premature birth or
low birth weight, exposure during pregnancy to nicotine, drugs, alcohol or infection that
may alter brain development in the fetus and individual differences in the parts of the
brain that enable reading.

Dyslexia can lead to a number of problems, including:

 Trouble learning. Because reading is a skill basic to most other school

subjects, a child with dyslexia is at a disadvantage in most classes and may have trouble
keeping up with peers.

 Social problems. Left untreated, dyslexia may lead to low self-esteem,

behavior problems, anxiety, aggression, and withdrawal from friends, parents and teachers.

 Problems as adults. The inability to read and comprehend can prevent a child

from reaching his or her potential as the child grows up. This can have long-term
educational, social and economic consequences.

Children who have dyslexia are at increased risk of having attention-deficit/hyperactivity

disorder (ADHD), and vice versa. ADHD can cause difficulty sustaining attention as well
as hyperactivity and impulsive behavior, which can make dyslexia harder to treat. (Hulme, C
& Snowling ,M. (2017). Reading Disorder and Dyslexia. (p.731–735)

IV Conclusion
In this case, the subject has shown his weakness and strength. And
yet, even we find some things about him, still it’s not yet definite
to tell him about this reading disorders. This study just only by
observation and no exceptional materials used.
 Recommendation:
As a researcher, I would recommend to give the child time to
practice his reading skills through tutorials or any means in where
someone can help him cope up more in reading. Give him more
attention and encouragements as reading is quiet challenging for
the children.

Reflection:
Personally as I was doing this research as I reflected I realized that
each one of us has its own talent and skills which is written on the
Bible. Some things are can be developed within ourselves and
sometimes through the help of other people. God made things
possible forn us to live independently and dependent to Him alone.
I was thankful from the teachers before, they did have a great
patience for us,beginners. Especially primary and kinder gartin