Es-091 - W Passivation Treatment For Corrosion-Resistant Steel (Immunization)

ENGINEERING ES-091
SPECIFICATION
PASSIVATION TREATMENT
FOR
CORROSION-RESISTANT STEEL
(IMMUNIZATION)
PRODUCTION - Released - 10 Oct 2014 18:11:43 UTC
*APPLICABLE DATES AND SIGNATURES ON FILE
NOTICE: Honeywell, Inc. CLAIMS PROPRIETARY RIGHTS IN THE INFORMATION DISCLOSED HEREON. THIS DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED OR COPIED IN
WHOLE OR IN PART, BE DISCLOSED TO OTHERS, NOR BE USED FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSES WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM Honeywell, Inc.
DATE DATE LATEST SHEET NO. OF

WRITTEN RELEASED REVISION NO. SHEETS WRITTEN BY: *
DATE
* * * 1 12 APPROVED BY: *
LATEST CAGE CODE Honeywell Inc. AEROSPACE – SOUTH BEND
REVISION 06848 3520 WESTMOOR ST.
W SOUTH BEND, IN 46628
ENGINEERING ES-091
SPECIFICATION
1.0 Scope
This specification covers a passivation treatment to remove surface contamination and
produce a passive surface condition for stainless steels.
CAUTION:
DO NOT PASSIVATE NITRIDED CRES PARTS. IF
PASSIVATION IS REQUIRED, IT MUST BE
PERFORMED PRIOR TO NITRIDING.
1.1 Corrosion Protection of CRES Castings

1.1.1 Un-machined, new corrosion-resistant steel castings do not require passivation
(immunization) as specified on the drawing, unless the drawing states passivation or
immunization is mandatory.
Instead of passivation/immunization, all raw 400 series and precipitation hardenable

corrosion-resistant steel castings shall be treated per ES-2092 prior to final machining.
All 300 series raw corrosion-resistant steel castings require neither passivation/immunization,
nor treatment per ES-2092 prior to machining.
1.1.2 All machined CRES castings shall be passivated/immunized as specified on the drawing.
1.1.3 For Passivation of nozzles or receivers used in Electrohydraulic Servovalves (EHSV), see
Appendix A.
2.0 Applicable Documents

The below listed documents of the issue in effect on the date of the Purchase Order or
amendment (or in the case of Honeywell documents, the current issue), shall form part of this
specification to the extent referred to herein. When the requirements of any of the referenced
documents conflict with the requirements of this specification, the requirements of this
specification shall take precedence.

DATE
ENGINEERING ES-091
SPECIFICATION
2.1 Publications
2.1.1 ASTM Publications

ASTM A380 Cleaning and De-Scaling Stainless Steel
2.1.2 Government Publications
2.1.3 SAE Publications

AMS-2700 Passivation of Corrosion-Resistant Steels
AMS-STD-753 Corrosion-Resistant Steel Parts Sampling, Inspection and Testing for
Surface Passivation
2.1.4 Honeywell Specifications/Documents

ES-2092 Corrosion Preventative Compound
FI-1269 Passivation Testing of Corrosion Resistant Steel Bearings
3.0 Technical Requirements

Two passivation bath processes are applicable, depending upon bath temperature. Either is
acceptable if surface tests can be met after treatment; recommended is the elevated
temperature process for 400 series stainless steel.
Table 1. Passivation Bath Options

% Nitric Acid by Volume in Sodium
Temperature ° F Minutes Distilled Dichromate
or Deionized Water Na2Cr207●2H2O
45-55% Technical Grade (42° Be, Sp. 2.5-3.5% by Weight
120 - 140° 30 (±5)
Gr. 1.42)
45-55% Reagent Grade (42° Be, Sp. 2.5-3.5% by Weight
Room Temp 45 (±5)
Gr. 1.42)
NOTE: The use of other chemical compositions listed in AMS-QQ-P-35 or AMS-2700 Nitric
Acid Methods are acceptable as an alternative to ES-091, provided the Quality
Assurance (QA) provisions in Section 4.0 are met.

DATE
ENGINEERING ES-091
SPECIFICATION
3.1 Bath Processes
3.1.1 Parts must be handled or racked such that the acid solution touches all surfaces; this may
require multiple positions if parts have blind holes, which will trap air or trap acid after
treatment.
3.1.2 The passivation solution shall be made up of distilled, deonized, or reverse osmosis water and
low halide rinse water, which must be maintained during operation.
3.1.3 The tank containing parts for passivation shall be electrically insulated from the parts; a
nonmetallic tank or polymer coating in a stainless steel tank are examples.
3.1.4 The solution shall not contain copper in excess of 0.3 grams per liter.
3.1.5 The solution tank requires an exhaust duct even if used cold.
3.2 Passivation Process

All parts shall be processed by either hot or room temperature methods outlined in Table 1,
with the following procedure.
3.2.1 Parts are to be thoroughly degreased to remove all oil or grease.
3.2.2 Soak in an alkaline cleaner for 10 to 15 minutes at 150-160° F. The solution shall be an
alkaline de-rusting compound containing wetting and chelating agents that the manufacturer
has approved for use with stainless steel alloys. An ultrasonic cleaning is permissible in the
cleaning process.
3.2.3 Rinse parts in running water; a water break free surface must be obtained. If any sign of rust
is evident; treat the parts as noted in Section 7.0.
3.2.4 Immerse parts in passivation (immunizing) solution under the guidelines noted in Section
3.1. The parts shall be moved around in the bath to insure the water film from rinsing is
dispersed.
3.2.5 Upon removal from the bath, rinse the parts in clean, ambient temperature, running water.

DATE
ENGINEERING ES-091
SPECIFICATION
3.2.6 Rinse the parts in a second clean, ambient temperature, running water rinse.
3.2.7 The final rinse is to be in 120 – 200°F distilled, deionized or reverse osmosis water to
eliminate its sensitivity to chloride and iron contamination.
3.2.8 Parts are to be blown dry using forced air.
NOTE: Special attention must be paid to ascertain total dryness in blind holes and recessed
areas. Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) is acceptable to aid in the drying process.
3.3 Storage
3.3.1 For temporary storage, corrosion protection shall consist of parts being clean, dry, and sealed
in clear poly bags or similar containers, with a desiccant or Vapor Corrosion Inhibiting (VCI)
paper.
3.3.2 For extended storage, immerse in, or spray with, water, displacing corrosion inhibitors in
conformance with ES-2092 and package accordingly. (Other corrosion inhibitors will require
prior approval from Honeywell South Bend Materials and Process Engineering (M&PE) via
the RMSB-3830 process.)
3.3.3 Parts requiring a dry film lubricant shall not be treated per ES-2092 after the dry film has
been applied. As an alternative, corrosion protection shall consist of parts being clean, dry
and sealed in clear poly bags or similar containers, with a desiccant or VCI paper.
3.3.4 Any corrosion inhibitor other than ES-2092 shall be approved by Honeywell South Bend
M&PE through the RMSB-3830 process.
4.0 Quality Assurance Provisions

General Quality Assurance requirements are per AMS-STD-753 except as follows.
4.1 Certification and Testing

4.1.1 Proper certification must be furnished on each order. Unless otherwise specified, no lot
testing is required for ES-091.

DATE
ENGINEERING ES-091
SPECIFICATION
4.1.2 All CRES ball bearing assemblies must be tested per FI-1269, or as indicated on drawings for
adequate passivation.
4.1.3 For verification purposes, the copper sulfate test shall be used per Section 4.2. Note that this
test is hypersensitive and should be used on 400 series CRES by personnel familiar with its
limitations. Alternatively, the humidity test per Section 4.3 can be used on all CRES.
4.1.4 Components made solely from fully heat-treated 440C CRES are exempt from testing per
Sections 4.2 or 4.3.
4.2 Copper Sulfate Test

All lubricant must be removed by suitable degreasing solution or equivalent to expose all
CRES surfaces for testing.
4.2.1 Dissolve 8 grams of copper sulfate (CuSO4●5H2O) in 500 ml of distilled or deionized water
to which has been added 2 ml of sulfuric acid.
4.2.2 Immerse the specimen in the copper sulfate solution for a period of six minutes.
4.2.3 At the end of the six-minute immersion, dry the specimens and examine them for the
presence of deposited copper. Any copper deposit indicates a non-passivated surface.
4.3 Humidity Test

All lubricant must be removed by suitable degreasing solvent or equivalent to expose all
CRES surfaces for testing.
4.3.1 Subject the specimen to 95-100% humidity at 100-115° F in a suitable humidity cabinet for
no less than 24 hours.
4.3.2 The specimen shall be free of rust to the naked eye (1x magnification) following exposure.
4.4 Samples
Samples used for the process certification testing required by Sections 4.2 or 4.3 that were
found to pass the requirements of those paragraphs must be re-passivated per Section 3.1.
(They need not be retested per Sections 4.2 or 4.3.)

DATE
ENGINEERING ES-091
SPECIFICATION
4.5 Classification of Test
These tests are classed as routine control tests.
4.6 Responsibility for Inspection

The supplier shall supply all samples and shall be responsible for performing all required
tests. Results of the tests shall be reported to the purchaser when required by purchase order.
Honeywell reserves the right to perform such confirmatory tests as deemed necessary to
assure the material conforms to the requirements of this specification.
5.0 Acknowledgment
A supplier shall mention this specification number in all quotations and when acknowledging
purchase orders.
6.0 Rejection
Material not conforming to this specification or Fuel and Actuation Engineering (FAE)
authorized modifications shall be subject to rejection.
7.0 Notes
7.1 During the processing operations such as forming, machining, tumbling, and lapping, iron
particles or other foreign particles may become smeared or embedded in the surface of the
parts. These particles must be removed or they will appear as rust or stain spots. This
condition may be prevented by immersing the parts in the solution of nitric acid and
dichromate in this specification that will dissolve the particles and leave a thin, transparent
film over the restored surface.
7.2 This treatment is to be applied after all operations such as machining, etc. have been
completed except as noted.
7.2.1 On matched assemblies with a close diametric fit, the parts may be treated before the final
match grinding on the surfaces to be matched.
7.2.2 Parts electropolished all over do not need passivation.

DATE
ENGINEERING ES-091
SPECIFICATION
7.3 This treatment is to be applied to parts before any brazing or case hardening and not after
such a process; this includes nitriding, cyaniding, and plating.
7.3.1 The general rule is the passivation treatment is performed before any assembly operations;
exceptions must be carefully reviewed.
7.4 This treatment may remove some light rust but is not a derusting process. Significant visible
rust must be removed before this treatment. Refer to ASTM A380 with the suggested
methods as follows.
7.4.1 Soak parts in a solution of 25% by volume phosphoric acid at 140° F for a minimum time to
remove the rust. Thorough rinsing is imperative to remove traces of the acid.
7.4.2 Soak in a proprietary alkaline rust remover following the manufacturer’s directions. The
most effective cleaners are near boiling for treatment. The alkaline cleaners are the preferred
method.
7.4.3 A molten caustic bath, such as sodium hydride or Virgo Bath, may be used for de-rusting
where available.
8.0 Alternative Specifications
8.1 AMS-2700 Method 1 Solutions are permissible.
8.2 Any exceptions from this specification will require prior approval from Honeywell South
Bend M&PE via the RMSB-3830 process.
9.0 Approved Process
9.1 Only Honeywell Aerospace Approved Process Source List (APSL) processors shall be used.
9.2 If ES-091 is used for the sole purpose of cleaning prior to braze, the APSL approved process
for passivation may be waived provided that the passivation process is included into the
RMSB3830 approved for braze.

DATE
ENGINEERING ES-091
SPECIFICATION
Appendix A
1.0 Special Treatment Requirements For Nozzles And Receivers Used In

Electrohydraulic Servovalves (EHSV) Only
The following requirements apply when treating nozzles or receivers for Electrohydraulic
Servovalves (EHSV) such as part numbers:
• 2682307-240
• 2682307-285
• 2682307-420
• 2682075
• 2683683
• 2683684
2.0 Technical Requirements For Nozzles And Receivers Used In Electrohydraulic

Servovalves (EHSV)
The following treatment is acceptable if surface tests are met after treatment.
Table 2. Passivation Bath

% Nitric Acid by Volume in Sodium Dichromate
Temperature ° F Minutes
Distilled or Deionized Water Na2Cr207•2H2O
45-55% Reagent Grade (42° Be, 2.5-3.5% by Weight
Room Temp 45 (± 5)
Sp. Gr. 1.42)
CAUTION:
CORROSIVE SOLUTION. APPROPRIATE
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
(PPE) IS REQUIRED.

DATE
ENGINEERING ES-091
SPECIFICATION
2.1 Passivation Process
All parts shall be processed by the method listed below.
2.1.1 Rinse only with distilled or deionized water to eliminate its sensitivity to chloride and iron
contamination. Do not use any equipment that can induce residual magnetism to the parts.
2.1.2 Heat enough Ferlon solution (180-240 grams per liter) to boiling in a suitable glass beaker.
CAUTION:
BOILING ALKALINE/CORROSIVE
SOLUTION. APPROPRIATE PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT REQUIRED.
2.1.3 Place parts in the boiling Ferlon solution. Remove glass beaker from the hot plate and soak
for ten minutes.
2.1.4 Place glass beaker in an ultrasonic cleaning machine. The machine must contain sufficient
water to fill the cleaner to a higher level than the solution in the beaker. Ultrasonic clean the
parts for one minute.
2.1.5 Discard the Ferlon solution.
2.1.6 Double-rinse the parts in the beaker with deionized water.
2.1.7 Ultrasonic clean the parts in a glass beaker containing deionized water in the ultrasonic
cleaner for one minute.
2.1.8 Drain the deionized water.
2.1.9 Add sufficient passivation solution in the glass beaker containing parts. Soak 40 to 50
minutes at room temperature.
2.1.10 Discard passivation solution.

DATE
* * * 10 12 APPROVED BY: *
ENGINEERING ES-091
SPECIFICATION
2.1.11 Double-rinse with deionized water.
2.1.12 Ultrasonic clean the parts in a glass beaker containing deionized water in an ultrasonic
cleaner for one minute.
2.1.13 Drain the deionized water.
2.1.14 Rinse the parts in isopropyl alcohol.
2.1.15 Drain the isopropyl alcohol.
2.1.16 Blow dry the parts individually using purified compressed air with a fixture fitted to the parts
inlet.
2.1.17 Inspect 10% of each part lot processed using 30x magnification to ensure parts are free from
any solution entrapment.
2.1.18 Place dry, clean parts in clean plastic poly bags with suitable VCI paper.
NOTE: Dispose any spent solution in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations.
3.0 Quality Assurance Provisions For Nozzles And Receivers Used In

Electrohydraulic Servovalves (EHSV) Only
3.1 General Requirements

The following requirements apply when treating nozzles or receivers for Electrohydraulic
Servovalves (EHSV)
3.1.1 Proper certification must be furnished on each order. Unless otherwise specified, no testing is
required.
3.1.2 Humidity Test for Qualification of Process. All lubricant must be removed by using a suitable
solvent to expose all CRES surfaces for testing.

DATE
* * * 11 12 APPROVED BY: *
ENGINEERING ES-091
SPECIFICATION
3.1.3 Subject three specimens to 95-100% humidity at 110-115° F in a suitable humidity cabinet
for no less than 24 hours.
3.1.4 The specimens shall be free of rust or stain following exposure.
3.1.5 Samples used for the required testing and that were found to pass the requirements of those
paragraphs, must be re-passivated.
3.2 Responsibility for Inspection

The supplier shall supply all samples and shall be responsible for performing all required
tests. Results of the tests shall be reported to the purchaser when required by purchase order.
Honeywell reserves the right to perform such confirmatory tests as deemed necessary to
ensure the material conforms to the requirements of this specification.
4.0 Preparation For Delivery For Nozzles And Receivers Used In

Electrohydraulic Servovalves (EHSV)
4.1 Packaging and Shipment

The following guidelines shall be used for packaging and shipment.
4.1.1 Parts shall be protected by ensuring parts are clean, dry, and sealed in clear poly bags or
similar containers, with VCI paper.
4.1.2 Parts shall be packaged for shipment in accordance with commercial practice to assure carrier
acceptance and safe transportation to the point of delivery.

DATE
* * * 12 12 APPROVED BY: *

Es-091 - W Passivation Treatment For Corrosion-Resistant Steel (Immunization)

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ENGINEERING ES-091

*APPLICABLE DATES AND SIGNATURES ON FILE

DATE DATE LATEST SHEET NO. OF

1.1 Corrosion Protection of CRES Castings

Instead of passivation/immunization, all raw 400 series and precipitation hardenable

2.0 Applicable Documents

DATE DATE LATEST SHEET NO. OF

2.1.1 ASTM Publications

2.1.2 Government Publications

2.1.3 SAE Publications

2.1.4 Honeywell Specifications/Documents

3.0 Technical Requirements

Table 1. Passivation Bath Options

DATE DATE LATEST SHEET NO. OF

3.2 Passivation Process

3.2.1 Parts are to be thoroughly degreased to remove all oil or grease.

DATE DATE LATEST SHEET NO. OF

3.2.8 Parts are to be blown dry using forced air.

4.0 Quality Assurance Provisions

4.1 Certification and Testing

DATE DATE LATEST SHEET NO. OF

4.2 Copper Sulfate Test

4.3 Humidity Test

DATE DATE LATEST SHEET NO. OF

4.6 Responsibility for Inspection

7.2.2 Parts electropolished all over do not need passivation.

DATE DATE LATEST SHEET NO. OF

8.0 Alternative Specifications

8.1 AMS-2700 Method 1 Solutions are permissible.

9.0 Approved Process

DATE DATE LATEST SHEET NO. OF

1.0 Special Treatment Requirements For Nozzles And Receivers Used In

2.0 Technical Requirements For Nozzles And Receivers Used In Electrohydraulic

Table 2. Passivation Bath

DATE DATE LATEST SHEET NO. OF

2.1.5 Discard the Ferlon solution.

2.1.6 Double-rinse the parts in the beaker with deionized water.

2.1.8 Drain the deionized water.

2.1.10 Discard passivation solution.

DATE DATE LATEST SHEET NO. OF

2.1.13 Drain the deionized water.

2.1.14 Rinse the parts in isopropyl alcohol.

2.1.15 Drain the isopropyl alcohol.

3.0 Quality Assurance Provisions For Nozzles And Receivers Used In

3.1 General Requirements

DATE DATE LATEST SHEET NO. OF

3.1.4 The specimens shall be free of rust or stain following exposure.

3.2 Responsibility for Inspection

4.0 Preparation For Delivery For Nozzles And Receivers Used In

4.1 Packaging and Shipment

DATE DATE LATEST SHEET NO. OF

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