Atdec (Atmospheric Dew Collector) : A Sustainable Method For Harvesting Atmospheric Water

JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato
AtDeC (Atmospheric Dew Collector): A Sustainable Method for Harvesting

Atmospheric Water
A Research Paper Submitted to
Mr. Karl Evan Pama
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject
Investigation, Immersion and Inquiries (III)
By:
Agregado, Zyrus Estelle
Capotoy, Benar Lene
Chatto, Angel Mae
Ebon, Jewel Lyre
Escalera, Jenny Jyb
Huesca, Rouie Jade
Mama, Jhalon
Principe, Yanesa
Solatorio, Shaira Mae
Villalobos, Mariel Sofia
Grade 12 – St. Mark
Karl Evan Pama
III Instructor
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CHAPTER l
INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains necessary background information the reader must
be aware of before further reading the rest of the paper. This presents the background
of the study, the problems and its objectives, the significance of the study, and definition
of terms. These sectors provided brief information about the study.
Background of the Study
Having a water shortage is one of the problems that threaten the world. Water is
one of the most important substances on earth since all plants and animals need
water to survive. But because of climate change, such as altered weather patterns
including droughts or floods, increased pollution, and increased human demand and
overuse of water may lead to water shortage. Water scarcity already affects every
continent where they experience lack of sufficient water, or not having access to
safe water supplies. When waters run dry, people cannot get enough to drink, wash or
feed crops, and economic decline may occur. Clean and readily available water is vital
for public health, whether it is used for drinking, domestic use, and food production or
recreation purposes. Improved water quality and sanitation and better water resource
management will improve economic development in countries and can make a major
contribution to poverty reduction.

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According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
(UNDESA), water scarcity is among the main problems to be faced by many societies
and the World in the XXIst century. Water use has been growing at more than twice the
rate of population increase in the last century, and, although there is no global water
scarcity as such, an increasing number of regions are chronically short of water. As
cited in WHO/UNICEF (2019), 2.2 billion people lack access to safely managed drinking
water services and over half of the global population or 4.2 billion people lack proper
sanitation. In the Philippines, more than 790 million people have no access to water. In
2019, the Manila metropolitan region has been in the holds of a water deficiency, as the
El Niño marvel has added to a 60% decrease in precipitation (Blomberg, M., 2019).
Atmospheric moisture is plentifully present in our surrounding air and is arising as
a significant wellspring of consumable water, particularly in zones with little downpour
yet generally high humidity (Lee, A., et.al 2012). The absence of water reasonable for
human activities involves worldwide need, since water is a component of survival for
living creatures. Regardless of the tremendous measure of water on the planet, its
greater part (97.5%) is in oceans with high salt substance, delivering it unsatisfactory for
human utilization, while the rest is found as new water (2.5%). Of this new water, 70% is
frozen and about 30% exists as moisture or in underground springs (Escamella, J. et.al,
2019, Eslami, M., et.al, 2018).
Converting water vapor in the air (humidity) to water is one way to reduce the
water shortage and this will be possible with the help of a prototype device. Atmospheric
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Dew Collector is a device that can capture and collection of water that is present in the
air either as vapour or small water droplets. Dew water is water droplets framed
because of build-up of atmospheric water vapour on surfaces of temperature
underneath its dew point temperature (Khalil, B. 2015).The extraction of water from air
has a few points of interest contrasted and different techniques. Air as a wellspring of
water is inexhaustible and clean and the measure of water in atmospheric air is
assessed as 14000 km3, and the measure of fresh water in the earth is just around 1200
km3 (Hamed, A., et.al 2010).
This problem encouraged the researchers to create a concept of device
that can harvest water in the atmosphere. The device will be versatile to collect
atmospheric water from daytime and night time. Through the help of the prototype
Atmospheric dew collector it can easily collects water from atmosphere to produce
clean water that can be useful for the community especially those places who suffers
from water shortage.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to create a prototype of atmospheric water collector. Specifically this
study aims to:
1. Design a prototype of atmospheric water collector.
2. Construct a prototype of atmospheric water collector.
3. Test the functionality of the prototype.

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4. Difference between the amounts collected in daytime and evening.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will primarily focus on proving that the researchers can harness water
in the atmosphere using the prototype that they have created for collecting water from
the atmosphere and determine if there is a significant difference between the volume of
water collected in daytime and evening. The testing of the prototype will be done at the
vicinity of Norala, South Cotabato.
Significance of the Study
The result of this study will be helpful to the following:
Community. Water is an essential and basic need of a person, the AtDeC
collects water from atmosphere to produce clean water that can be useful for the
community especially those places who suffers from water shortage.
Researchers. It can help to improve their analytical and research skill to make
this device possible and the prototype water collector is made from basic recycled
materials to lessen the cost in the production.

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Agricultural sector. This device helps farmer for watering crops and collecting
water during shortage. They can collect the water anytime which can be used to water
their plants.
The future researchers. This study could serve as guide to the future
researchers who will be interested study similar case. This research will serve as their
reference and additional information for those likely to perform similar research on the
concept of the prototype dew collector.
Definition of terms
The words define below are the common terms mentioned in the study, these
words were given definition in order to be well understood.
ATDEC. (Atmospheric Dew Collector) A device that collects water from the atmosphere.
Atmospheric. Relating to the atmosphere of the earth that will be used as the source of
the water.
Humidity. High humidity means the higher chances to get a right volume of water from
the device.
Weather condition. The device depends at the weather condition in collecting water.
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CHAPTER ll
Review of Related Literature
This chapter contains different related literatures and previous studies by the
researchers after a thorough search. This chapter will present facts and ideas, and
other relevant journals or articles to support and to help fully understand the study with
further information. These literatures were also utilized in conceptualizing the
conceptual framework.
Conceptual Framework
Atmospheric Dew Amount of water

Collector (AtDeC) collected
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Fig. 1 Conceptual Framework
AtDeC (Atmospheric Dew Collector): A Sustainable

Method for Harvesting Atmospheric Water
Factors Affecting the Collection of Atmospheric

Dew
Humidity Height of Weather Time of Collection Location

the material Condition
The amount from the Fog is most Humid sites, such
of water that Dew water likely to occur as the humid,
ground
is present in condensation at night or near coastal tropics, are
the air during happens when dawn when the more likely to
the dew the temperature of receive dew than
collection. It is cooler at environmental the day is arid areas
Fog happens higher heights. conditions are usually at its
when it is Particles of favorable lowest
exceptionally water vapor
humid. combine to
form modest
liquid water
beads that
hang within
the air.
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Fig 2. Literature Map
Atmospheric Dew Collector
Due to the scarcity of water, there is a dire need to harvest water from all available
resources. One of those water resources is fog. In arid agricultural regions where clean
and pure water requirements are needed for drinking and farming purposes, fog
harvesting is generally considered one of the most economical and easiest methods
(Azeem et al., 2020). Fogs have the potential to supply an alternative source of fresh
water in dry regions and can be gathered through the use of simple and low-cost
collection systems.
The traditional method of gathering fog is very simple, consisting of a mesh that is
exposed to the atmosphere over which the fog is driven by the wind. As the wind blows
fog through the device, the mesh captures the droplets, and gravity pulls the water
down into the containers below. Most of the time, the fog harvesters gather about three
liters a day per square meter of mesh. The beauty of fog harvesters, is that they make
very little effort. The harvesters can be used in remote areas and do not need constant
supervision; just set them up and collect the water at the end of the day. However,
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they're not very efficient, partly because the mesh holes need to be just the right size. If
they're too big, the droplets will run away. (Chen, 2018).
According to Climate Technology Centre and Network (2019), Fog harvesting
systems are best installed in open locations with a relatively high elevation, which are
exposed to wind flow. Meteorological and climatic information, such as the predominant
direction of wind flow, may have to be collected in order to identify optimal locations.
Training may also be necessary after the technical set-up to introduce the system and
its maintenance requirements to the local community. Thick fog, high wind speed and
tighter mesh material can all increase the performance of the harvesting system.
Maintenance includes routine inspection and cleaning of mesh nets, pipes and tanks to
remove dust, algae, bacteria, etc. to ensure maximum efficiency and maintain water
quality.
However, aside from the traditional fog collector, there are still other ways to
collect a fog as proposed by a British Designer, a potentially life-saving and thirst-
quenching design prototype. British designer Alon Alex Gross has built fog and dew
collectors to expand on current, conventional rain harvesting techniques with
lightweight, modern materials. Apparently, the system can also be connected to the
Internet for increased connectivity and remote monitoring. Yet, these gadgets are low-
tech enough for people living in water-scarce developing areas to collect clean drinking
water.
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According to Paul (2012), Gross uses design to show users how individuals can
come up with their own answers to environmental and technical challenges. His system
blends ancient methods of fog gathering and dew processing with technological
improvements such as super light materials and internet access. Gross' fog harvester
has a 2-metre screen mesh capable of collecting up to 10 liters of fog droplets from the
air in 24 hours. It can be used during the day or night, and is most effective when
dealing with wind in the high ground. Its function is almost the same as the traditional
fog collector however the difference is that his device is composed of modern materials.
He also created another fog collector that weighs only 400 grams and has a
special laminate foil that pulls drops of dew into it, allowing it to collect up to 1.5 liters of
fresh water per night. The dew collector is very effective, even though it only collects
water at night. It is most effective when placed on the ground under conditions of 50%
or more humidity. As extreme conditions can sometimes harm the laminate foil that
collects the dew, Gross has also designed an additional sensor system that can react to
atmospheric changes by opening or closing the device accordingly. In order to be as
open as possible, it is planned to be compatible with a large range of popular internet
programs, such as Internet Explorer and Flash. (Mok, 2018).
Humidity
According to Water Technology (2015), it is well known that humidity and water
vapor are in the ambient air. The quantity of water vapor in the air, measured as relative
humidity, is a function of the location, season and time of day. Vaporized water is a gas,
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but, like other gases, it physically occurs in air in terms of temperature and partial
pressure.
The humidity will be high on the off chance that there is a great amount of water
vapor noticeable all around. The higher the humidity, the more humid it feels outside.
The proportion of the present absolute humidity to the maximum conceivable absolute
humidity is relative (which relies upon the current air temperature). A 100% relative
stickiness perusing indicates that the air is completely soaked with water vapor and can
no longer hold, making it possible to downpour. This doesn't imply that the general
humidity should be 100% with the goal for it to rain, it should be 100% where the mists
are shaping, yet the overall humidity close to the ground could be substantially less
(Chandler, 2018).
According to PAGASA, the Philippines has high relative humidity due to high
temperatures and surrounding bodies of water. The average relative humidity per month
ranges from 71% in March to 85% in September. The combination of warm
temperatures and high relative and absolute humidity gives rise throughout the
archipelago to high, sensible temperatures. It is particularly uncomfortable during March
to May, when temperature and humidity reach their highest levels.
Height of the AtDeC (Atmospheric Dew Collector) from the ground
The Earth's air is lean layer of gasses composed of nitrogen (78%), oxygen
(19%), and other gasses (~3%). As you go to higher heights, they are less discussed
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particles pushing down on you (lower weight). When the weight of a gas decreased, the
temperature also decreases (the reverse is also true – when the gas weight increase,
the temperature increases). Subsequently, the temperature is lower at higher heights.
The fundamental reply is that the advance absent you get from the soil, the slenderer
the environment gets (National Geographic, 2015).
A fog collector is simply a frame that supports a vertical plane mesh portion. The large,
operational fog collectors are typically made of two supporting posts, and cables on
which the mesh suspended. The regular fog collector (SFC) has a surface of 1 square
meter with a base 2m above ground and is mounted perpendicular to the wind path
associated with the incidence of fog. (Swarndeep, 2016). Standardizing the height of the
frame above the ground is necessary because the collection of fog varies in height.
Schemenauer and Cereceda also proposed a standard fog collector (SFC) for
this purpose and in order to overcome barriers to quantitative comparison of fog
collection rates. The relatively inexpensive and simple SFC consists of a 1 m2 frame
with a double layer of 35% shade coefficient polypropylene mesh, mounted with its base
2 m above ground. The SFC can be equipped with a data collection package, including
an anemometer for wind speed and direction data, a tipping bucket and a data logger,
to facilitate understanding of site-specific fog water production characteristics. SFC
research has shown that fog collection rates are usually 1–10 L/m2 of vertical surface
collection per day but can exceed 30–40 L/m2/day. Collection rates reached as high as
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300 L/m2 /day when drizzle or light rain, coupled with 10 m/s winds, was present with
the fog.
Weather Condition
There is a tropical maritime climate in the Philippines, meaning that the weather
is usually hot and very humid. The area is currently only undergoing three seasons, hot
dry summer between March and May, rainy season between June and November, and
dry season between December and February. The predominant winds of the southwest
monsoon from May to October and the northeast monsoon from November to early May
produce the weather patterns of the Philippines (Travel Online, 2020).
During summer season when the sky is bright, the humidity is above 100
percent, there is high possibility that fog can form. When the air continues to cool and
condensation replaces evaporation, fog also forms after sunset. As there are no clouds
to trap the sun, the air cools better with bright skies (Summer Fog, 2015). According to
Morgan (2014), summer is the best season for collecting atmospheric water because
warmer temperatures can hold more humidity than colder temperatures. So, the
temperature makes all the difference. Cold winter air contains far less moisture than
warm summer air, even when saturated.
In the Philippines, due to the effect of the southwest monsoon, humidity levels
rise to the maximum for at least 20 to 30 rainy days. That is why it is much more difficult
to transmit summer weather, only one degree greater than the winter temperature data.
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It does not leave a sense of lacking of air in the evening, which comes rather late due to
the long daylight. There is simply no time for the air to cool, so the temperature drops to
an average of +27 °C (81 °F) (Weather and Climate, 2021).
The off-season of the Philippines is often called the rainy season, as rains
dampen beaches and certain roads can become impermeable. During June to
November, humidity increases, as rains are normal for 20-plus days a month.
Temperatures typically vary between 24 degrees Celsius (75 degrees Fahrenheit) to
upwards of 33 degrees Celsius (91 degrees Fahrenheit), with humidity averages about
90 percent (The Weather and Climate in the Philippines, 2020). Fogs during rainy
season will occur as rain falls into the cool air. This is normal with warm fronts, but only
if it does not travel so quickly will it occur with cold fronts as well. Cold air, dry at the
surface, evaporates as rain flows into it, allowing the dew point to rise. This saturation is
fog-forming (Fog types, 2020).
Time of Collection
When the sun rises, the air and the earth warm up. This results in the
temperature of the air being warmer than the temperature of the dew point, which
causes the fog droplets to evaporate. As the air cools during the longer night, the
relative humidity increases, which can lead to fog formation (The Weather Guys, 2015).
Fog is most likely to form late at night or early in the morning, when the temperature is
at its lowest. Cool ground air forms fog and dew as air-cools and water vapors
condense into tiny water droplets.

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Fog can occur in many ways, forming over cold, snow-covered soil as the
warmer air moves in. It also often forms near streams, waterways and river valleys, as
water increases the humidity of the air. It is most likely to occur when the level of the
dewpoint is very close to the current temperature reading, no more than 5 degrees
Fahrenheit difference. Furthermore, fog evaporates after sunrise as the sun warms the
fog from the below. The thicker the fog, the longer it takes to dissipate (Tukua, 2020).
Therefore, the following that are mentioned is the best time to harvest fog.
The occurrence of fogs can be also assessed from reports compiled by
government meteorological agencies. It is necessary that when you are going to collect
atmospheric dew, the device that is being used should be located in regions where
favorable climatic conditions exist. As the fog/clouds are carried by the wind to the
harvesting site, the interaction between the topography and the wind would have an
impact on the performance of the chosen area. (Acosta, 2018).
In the Philippines, the relative humidity is high, the region is actually only
experiencing three seasons, a hot dry summer known as tag-init between March and
May, a wet season known as tag-ulan between June and November, and a dry season
between December and February known as tag-lamig. Temperatures differ by area and
season, but in general, January is the coldest month and May is the warmest. (Travel
Online, 2020). Therefore, the best time to collect atmospheric dew in the Philippines is
from December to January because when the temperature is low, the humidity is high.
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When there is high humidity, the amount of the water collected from the device will be
justifiable.
Location
Owing to the high temperature and the surrounding water sources, the relative
humidity of the Philippines is high. The average monthly relative humidity ranges from
71% in March to 85% in September. During March to May, when temperature and
humidity reach their highest levels, it is particularly uncomfortable. Given the humidity
level, there is high humidity in places such as Baguio, Batangas, and Lake Sebu.
According to Empian (2019), collecting atmospheric water is useful in Baguio and
Benguet as fog is always present in the localities. Fog collectors are best suited to arid
and rural high-altitude areas such as Baguio City. Baguio enjoys low temperatures at
5,200 feet above sea level, it fell to a reported low temperature of 43 degrees
Fahrenheit in 1961. (6.3 degree Celcius). The average monthly humidity in Baguio is
that August is the most humid while April is the least humid month with the average
annual percentage of humidity is 78.0% (World Weather & Climate Information, 2019).
Some region in the Philippines is also well suitable for collecting atmospheric
water. In Batangas, a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in
Luzon, has some extremely humid months, and high humidity throughout the year. The
least humid month is April, which has a relative humidity of 76.6 percent, and the most
humid month is December, which has a relative humidity of 84.7 percent. As determined
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by the percentage of time in which the humidity comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or
miserable, the perceived humidity level in Batangas does not differ substantially
throughout the course of the year, remaining nearly 100 percent throughout (Weather
Spark, 2016).
The province of South Cotabato has experienced drought. The National Irrigation
Administration has rationed water releases of irrigation system in South Cotabato
Region and the neighboring areas because of the decreasing supplies of water due to
prevailing drought spawned by the El Niño Phenomenon. Engr. Orlando Tibang, top of
the South Cotabato Irrigation Management Office, said the water level in a several
communal and river irrigation system (RIS) in the zone have dropped by 50 to 70
percent because of the absence of downpours and the extraordinary dry climate.
(Mindanews, 2014).
In Mindanao, Norala is known as the “Rice Bowl of the South”. It supports variety
of plants and animals. Occasionally, it is hidden in the blanket of fog early in the
morning. Since Norala is located in the low ground, constant appearance of fog can be
seen. Basing the humidity and comfort level on the dew point Norala, as it decides
whether transpiration evaporates from the skin, cooling the body. Lower points of dew
feel drier and higher points of dew feel more humid In comparison to temperature, which
generally varies greatly between night and day, the dew point appears to change more
slowly, so a muggy day is usually followed by a muggy night while the temperature can
drop at night As determined by the percentage of time in which the humidity comfort
level is (Weather Spark, 2016).
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Amount of water collected
The conventional and traditional method of gathering fog is very basic, consisting
of a mesh that is exposed to the atmosphere over which the fog is pushed by the wind.
Two posts on the guy's wires are used to protect the mesh and the cables to suspend
the network. Water droplets embedded in the mesh gather and flow under gravity into
the channels of the water collecting system (Jarimi et al., 2020). According to the study
Axel Ritter, et.al (2015), that fog precipitation was more continuous than rainfall. In any
case, the volumes and recurrence of daily fog water collected shifted among the three
contemplated locales, typically not surpassing 10–40 L d−1/m2 of gathering surface.
The everyday normal collection rate was 1.9 L d¹, with a limit of 15 L d¹. The greatest
daily dew yield is associated firmly with relative humidity and connected feebly with air
temperature and wind speed (Danilo & Minonzo, 2018).
Furthermore, the fog collector uses a projector to trap fog droplets in the air and
transform them into drinking water. The 2 meter mesh will collect up to 10 liters of water
in 24 hours. It can be used during the day or night, which is most effective when dealing
with wind in the high land. The dew collector is made of a special laminate foil that
attracts drops of dew. The dew collector is efficient even though it is only collecting at
night. It weighs just 400 grams, but can also capture up to 1.5 liters of clean water each
night. It is most effective when placed on the ground under conditions of 50% or more
humidity (Paul, 2012).

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The Dew Water Collector takes in two (2) different forms, which are known to be
traditional and commercial, and there is an apparent difference to the amount of water
collected by the two mentioned forms. The maximum recorded dew water collected by
traditional water collectors such as the radiative passive collector yields usually within a
surface area range of 0.3–0.6 L/day/m2. Studies performed in more humid conditions
reported lower yields; for example, the maximum water obtained was 0.19 L/day/m2 in a
perennial grassland environment in the Netherlands 0.23 L/day/m2 in a humid tropical
island in French Polynesia and 0.23 L/day/m2. While the commercial water collectors
such as the active collectors can be classified into devices on a personal scale that can
produce 15-50 L of water per day, or larger machines on an industrial scale that can
produce up to 200,000 L/day. (Khalil et al., 2015)
CHAPTER lll
METHODOLOGY
For a research study to be accomplished, it requires systematic procedures using
the necessary materials and resources to come up with the data needed and the
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method of analysis to comply with the objectives of the researchers. This chapter
includes the locale of the study and the different phases or process the project must
undergo to draw results and conclusions.
Research Design
This study will utilize the experimental research design whereas the study
will establish cause-and-effect relationships from the variables to the amount of water
that the prototype can collect. The data will be collected through a test. The researchers
chose to have this research design to further inquire through experiments the
functionality of the prototype. The impact of one variable on the overall collected amount
of water is observed. (Lee, A., et. Al, 2012) & (Notman, N., 2020)
AtDeC (Atmospheric Dew

Collector): A Sustainable Designing of the Canvassing and
Method for Harvesting prototype buying of materials
Atmospheric Water
Testing of the Creating the

Analyzing the data
prototype prototype
Volume of collected water Volume of collected water Volume of collected water

and the time conducted at and the time conducted at and the time conducted in
daytime evening days
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Fig. 3 Research Flowchart
Locale of the Study
The study will be conducted in the Municipality of Norala, South Cotabato known
as the “Rice Bowl of South Cotabato”. This is the 3 rd class municipality in the province of
South Cotabato. It is composed of fourteen (14) barangays, namely: Dumaguil, Kibid,
Esperanza, Lapuz, Liberty, San Jose, Lopez Jaena, Matapol, Puti, San Miguel,
Simsiman, Tinago, Benigno S. Aquino, Jr. and Poblacion. It has a total of 9,121
households with a total population of 45,603 based on 2015 record in which 91.05% of
whom are of Ilonggo origin. It has a total land area of 19,440 hectares.
The researchers choose this as their study area because some part in Norala is
experiencing shortage of water. The Banga RIS, which serves parts of Banga and
Norala towns, currently supplies some 1,357 hectares but the water releases were
rationed to only 50 percent of the service area. Therefore this is the area that we will
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built our prototype in which the availability of fog can help the researchers to accomplish
their study.
Preparation of the Materials
The researchers prepared the different materials needed to create the prototype.
The materials are six (6) liters jug, two point five (2.5) meters garden net, two point five
(2.5) meters tarpaulin, one (1) round binding wire, one (1) whole bamboo 9ft in length,
candle glue, glue gun, electrical tape, and scissors.
Project Design
The researchers developed an atmospheric dew collector which can able to
collect atmospheric water. The device has an inverted triangle frame where will be the
atmospheric water will be collected. The 6 liters jug will be the storage area of the
collected atmospheric water. The device will be hang in the bamboo pole approximately
1 to 2 meters.
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Fig. 5. Prototype Design
Building the Atmospheric Dew Collector
The prototype is built in a 2.5 square meters wide. The distance of the pole 1 foot
apart from each other, each poles will be provided by bamboos with a measure of 9 feet
in length. At that point, the soil that was dig are used to fill the holes near the bamboos
base. Then, prepare a wire that is to 1 to 2 meters long to tie in each bamboo poles.
Construct a 2.5 meters inverted triangle frame made in bamboos with 4 sides
measuring 0.6 meters. The 2.5 tarpaulin is put in a rotation method along with the frame
and the exceeding sides of it will be fold. Afterwards, bind the wire in the very base of
the frame and tie it below the head of a 6 liters jug. Finally, cover the opening of the
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frame with a 2.5 meters garden net. The wires in each pole will be used to secure and
tie the prototype at the center that will be hang approximately 1 to 2 meters high.
Data Gathering
This contains test that will be using to check the AtDeC (Atmospheric Dew Collector)
prototype. The researchers will use a graduated cylinder to measure the amount of
atmospheric water that they collected in milliliters, wet and dry bulb hygrometer will be
utilized to measure the humidity of the area and digital timer will be used to record the
time taken of the collected atmospheric water. The gathering time of the data will be at
4:00 am - 6: 00 am and 6:00 pm – 8:00 pm. It will take 3 days for the data will be
gathered. The recorded data will be gathered by the researchers and the table below
will be utilized to record and document the testing process.
The table below will be used during the testing procedure:
Table 1. Shows the volume of collected water and the time conducted at daytime.
Time Taken Humidity Amount of Water Collected
(mL)
Table 2. Shows the volume of collected water and the time conducted at evening.
Time Taken Humidity Amount of Water Collected
(mL)
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Table 3. Shows the volume of collected water and the time conducted in days.
Humidity Amount of Water Collected
(mL)
Data Analysis
In order to analyze the data, the researchers undergo series of test and
observation. The researchers will use descriptive quantitative analysis. Descriptive
quantitative analysis is a type of analysis that aims to measure in terms of numbers.
The gathered data in terms of measurement scales and extended for more statistical
manipulation. The researchers utilize this type of analysis in order collect quantifiable
information for statistical analysis of the gathered data.
Statistical Tool
The researchers will use Independent sample t-Test to find the difference
between the amounts yield in the daytime and evening. Independent sample t-Test is a
type of test that used to determine if two (2) groups are significantly different from each
other interest. It evaluates if two (2) populations have equal means on some variable.
Hence, using this statistical it will help the researchers answer their statement of the
problem.
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CHAPTER IV
This chapter discusses the presentation, interpretation, and result of the study in
terms of functionality of the prototype.
Results and Discussion
This study has successfully created a prototype of the Atmospheric Dew

Collector. The prototype had collected dew in the atmosphere. The prototype was
tested in three days to prove that it can collect atmospheric water.
A. Designing a prototype of atmospheric water collector
Combining all of the parts of each components resulted to the project design of
the study. This pertains to the overall part of the Atmospheric Dew Collector. Figure 5
below shows the formulated design of the researchers.
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Figure 5. Schematic diagram of Atmospheric Dew Collector
The dew collector collects dew without the use of external energy or any kinds of
mechanisms. As we can see in the illustration when the fog lifts, the warmer moist air pass over
the cool surface, the air is cooled and the water vapor condense into droplets on the surface of
the tarpaulin. Then the water drives into the water bank the pole served as the support in the
dew collector and the screen is used to trap the humid air as well as to blocks the objects that
will enter inside the device.
B. Construction a prototype of atmospheric water collector
Figure 6. Actual prototype of the Atmospheric Dew Collector.
The researchers built the prototype accordingly to the schematic diagram. Four (4)
bamboo pieces were used to become the pole for the prototype which then assisted to achieve
the desired shape of the collector. The top view or part of the prototype forms a wide
rectangular or square opening for the prototype to collect more dew water and if seen on its
sides, it forms more of tetrahedron shape in order for the collected dew water to approach a
small opening which leads to the water bank. The sides of the prototype is covered with
JMJ Marist Brothers
tarpaulin and the top part has screen or humid air trapper. With the prototype now built and set,
it was then ready to collect dew water.
C. Testing the functionality of the prototype
Table 1. The volume of collected water and the time conducted at daytime.
Time Taken Humidity Amount of Water Collected (mL)

5:49 am (Day 1) 71% 4.5 mL
6:00 am (Day 2) 64% 2 mL
5:39 am (Day 3) 46% 1.5 mL
Table 1 shows the amount of water collected in daytime and its humidity. On the
first day of testing exactly 5:49 am in the morning the device accumulated 4.5 ml, 2 ml
on the second day at exactly 6:00 am and on the last day, it collected 1.5 ml at exactly
5:39 am.
On the authority to Lesly Mackintosh (2011), the relative humidity is usually

highest around sunrise when the overnight low temperature is frequently close to the
dew point. The humidity drops during the day as the temperature rises and usually
reaches its lowest value in the middle or late afternoon when the day's maximum
temperature is recorded. Hence, Relative humidity is usually high at midnight and in the
early morning. As shown in the table conducted at daytime within 3 days, the prototype
was able to collect a total of 8 ml with a consecutive humidity of 58%, 64%, and 46%.
Table 2. The volume of collected water and the time conducted at evening.
Time Taken Humidity Amount of Water Collected (mL)

11:07 pm (Day 1) 68% 4 mL
11:43 pm (Day 2) 59% 3.5 mL
11:23 pm (Day 3) 40% 1 mL
JMJ Marist Brothers
In the table 2, it shows the amount of water accumulated, its humidity and time
taken. On the first night, the device accumulated 4 ml at exactly 11:07 pm, 3.5 ml on the
second day at exactly 11:43 pm and 1 ml on the last day exactly 11:23 pm.
Due to the absence of heat from the sun at night time, the water in air stays as it
is and the water vapor stays closer to the ground. When moisture in the air condenses
at a rate greater than it can evaporate, droplets are formed which are also called dew.
As said by Vanvuren (2019), high relative humidity is something over 50% and humidity
has an effect on the amount of moisture in the air. The table above shows that the
humidity for day 1 and day 2 are 68% and 59%, this conveys that the humidity at night
is high which further results to collecting a great amount of water. As for Day 3, there is
an inadequate amount of water collected due to low humidity (40%) at such time.
Table 3. The total volume of collected water and the time conducted in days.
Time Taken Amount of Water Collected (mL)

Day 1 8.5 mL
Day 2 5 mL
Day 3 2.5 mL
In the table 3, it shows the total amount of atmospheric water that had been
collected. On the first day of testing the device, the total amount of dew collected is 8.5
ml, 5 ml on the second day and on the third day it accumulated 2.5 ml.
According to Vanvuren (2019), High relative humidity is something over 50%.

Humidity has an effect on the amount of moisture in the air. As a result, due to the high
relative humidity, we obtained 5 mL to 8.5 mL on days 1 and 2. On the other hand,
since the humidity is just above normal on day 3, we only obtained 2.5 mL. There is
insufficient moisture in the air to collect the necessary amount of water.
Table 4. Difference between the amounts collected in daytime and evening
n Mean S.D. t df p-value Statistically

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Significant
Day 3 2.67 1.60728 -.127 4 .905 No
time
Evening 3 2.83 1.60728 -.127 4 .905 No
An independent-samples t-test was conducted to compare the amount collected

in daytime and evening conditions. There was no significant difference in the amount
collected for daytime (M=2.67, SD = 1.61) and evening (M = 2.83, SD =1.61) conditions;
t (4) = -.127, p = .905. These results suggest that different time interval does not have
an effect on the amount of collected of atmospheric water. Specifically, our results
suggest that we can collect sufficient amount of water in different time interval.
Dew happens when a surface temperature is cooled (by losing heat to the sky
through radiation) below the dew point temperature of the surrounding air; and thus,
water condenses and accumulates on the surface (Atashi, et al.,2019).
The temperature at which water vapor in the air condenses into liquid water, such
as dew, and fog, is known as the dew point. Since the dew point is often lower or equal
to the air temperature, dew or fog is most common at any time of the day especially
when the air temperature is usually lowest and the dew point is highest. The ratio of the
current amount of water vapor in the air at a given temperature to the maximum amount
of water vapor possible in the air at that temperature is known as relative humidity
(Patrick S.,2020)
Chapter V
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
This part of the paper presents the summary of the findings, conclusion derived
from the data analysis, and recommendations for future studies.
JMJ Marist Brothers
Summary of the Findings
The researchers of this study came up with this concept because they
discovered that there is water shortage in the vicinity surrounding their hometown. In
line with this, the researchers constructed a prototype called Atmospheric Dew Collector
(AtDeC) using DIY materials that can be found within the household. In order to
complete the research, the researchers designed the prototype and decided what kind
of materials to use and canvassed the materials that was used in creating the prototype.
After canvassing, the researchers constructed the prototype considering its location and
humid. Finally, the researchers tested the prototype with a span of three (3) days, they
measured the water in mL using a graduated cylinder and wet and dry bulb hygrometer
for the humidity.
Conclusion
The following are the conclusion derived from the analysis of the data and
results:
1. An Atmospheric Dew Collector (AtDeC) can be designed.

2. A prototype of Atmospheric Dew Collector (AtDeC) can be constructed.
3. Atmospheric Dew Collector (AtDeC) can harvest atmospheric water in different
time intervals.
4. The amount of collected atmospheric water in daytime and evening have no
significant difference in terms of volume because the P-value which is 0.905 is
higher than 0.05.
Recommendations
Based from the results and outcome of the study, the researchers recommend the
following:
JMJ Marist Brothers
1. The researchers recommend to test the width and height of the device if it can
effect on the amount of atmospheric water collected.
2. The researchers recommend to test multiple parts of the day with an interval
of every 5 hours.
3. The researchers recommend to conduct water analysis to test if the gathered
atmospheric water is safe to drink
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JMJ Marist Brothers
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Appendix A
Construction of the Prototype

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Figure 7. Construction of the Prototype

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Appendix B
Final Product
Figure 8. Atmospheric Dew Collector
Appendix C
Results from Independent t-Test
Group Statistics
Amountofwatercollected N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
1 3 2.6667 1.60728 .92796

Difference
2 3 2.8333 1.60728 .92796
Table 5. Results of Independent sample t-Test

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Appendix D
Plagiarism Report
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Curriculum Vitae
Name: Zyrus Estelle I. Agregado
Address: Prk. Reloquimas, Poblacion, Norala South Cotabato
Contact Number: 09276070883
Email: cristelledenielle22@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Sex: Female
Birthdate: February 21, 2002
Place of Birth: Koronadal City
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University-Integrated Basic Education

Department
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Strand
S.Y. 2020-2021
Junior High School: Norala National High School
Grades Seven to Ten
S.Y. 2018-2019
Elementary: Norala Central Elementary School
Grades One to Six
S.Y. 2014-2015
Name: Benar Lene F. Capotoy

JMJ Marist Brothers
Address: Poblacion, Sto. Niño, South Cotabato
Email: lenecapotoy06@gmail.com
Sex: Female
Date of Birth: July 06, 2002
Place of Birth: Sto. Niño, South Cotabato
Religion: Born Again Christian
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Senior High School:
Notre Dame of Marbel University-Integrated Basic Education Department

Senior High School
S.Y. 2020-2021
Junior High School:
Sto. Niño National High School
S.Y. 2018-2019
Elementary:
Sto. Niño Central Elementary School
S.Y. 2014-2015
Name: Angel Mae E. Chatto
Address: Prk. Del Pilar, Kibid, Norala South Cotabato

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Email: angelmaechatto29@gmail.com
Sex: Female
Birthdate: March 17, 2002
Place of Birth: Norala District Hospital

Department
S.Y. 2020-2021
Junior High School: Norala National High School
Grades Seven to Ten
S.Y. 2018-2019
Elementary: Norala Central Elementary School
Grades One to Six
S.Y. 2014-2015
Name: Jewel Lyre V. Ebon
Address: 9509, Sto. Niño, South Cotabato

JMJ Marist Brothers
Email: jewellyreebon@gmail.com
Contact No: 09550637772
Sex: Female
Place of Birth: Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat
Date of Birth: November 26, 2002
Religion: Jehovah’s Witnesses

Department
S.Y. 2020-2021
Junior High School: Sto. Niño National High School
9509, Sto. Niño, South Cotabato, Philippines
S.Y. 2018-2019
Elementary: Sto. Niño Central Elementary School
9509, Sto. Niño, South Cotabato, Philippines
S.Y. 2014-2015
Name: Rouie Jade F. Huesca
Address: Poblacion, Banga, South Cotabato

JMJ Marist Brothers
Email: rouiejadeheusca@gmail.com
Sex: Male
Date of Birth: January 18,2003
Place of Birth: Surallah, South Cotabato
Senior High School:

Senior High School
S.Y. 2020-2021
Junior High School:
Libertad National High School
S.Y. 2018-2019
Elementary:
Banga Central Elementary School
S.Y. 2014-2015
Name: Jhalon G, Mama
Address: Purok Morillo, Brgy. Sta. Cruz, Koronadal City,

South Cotabato
Contact: 09956533327
JMJ Marist Brothers
Email: jhalondmu@gmail.com
Personal Information
Sex: Male
Birthday: May 27, 2003
Place Birth: City of Koronadal
Religion: Islam
Citizenship: Islam
Educational Background

Department
S.Y. 2020-2021
Junior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University – Integrated Basic Education
Department
Grade Seven to Ten
S.Y. 2015-2019
Elementary: Notre Dame of Marbel University – Integrated Basic Education Department
Grade Two to Six
S.Y. 2010-2015
Name: Yanesa D. Principe
Address: Poblacion, Sto. Niño, South Cotabato
Email: principeyanesa@gmail.com
JMJ Marist Brothers
Sex: Female
Date of Birth: April 24, 2002
Place of Birth: Lake Sebu, South Cotabato
Religion: Baptist
Senior High School:

Senior High School
S.Y. 2020-2021
Junior High School:
Sto. Niño National High School
S.Y. 2018-2019
Elementary:
Sto. Niño Central Elementary School
S.Y. 2014-2015
Name: Shaira Mae J. Solatorio
Address: Prk. Quirino, Brgy. Lopez Jaena, Norala South

Cotabato
Email: shairamsolatorio@gmail.com
JMJ Marist Brothers
Sex: Female
Birthdate: September 06, 2002
Place of Birth: Brgy. Lopez Jaena, Norala, South Cotabato

Department
S.Y. 2020-2021
Junior High School: Notre Dame of Norala, Inc.
Grades Seven to Ten
S.Y. 2018-2019
Elementary: Notre Dame of Norala, Inc.
Grades One to Six
S.Y. 2014-2015
Name: Marielle Sofia I. Villalobos
Address: Purok Silang Poblacion Sto. Nino, South

Cotabato
Email Address: mariellesofiav@gmail.com
JMJ Marist Brothers
Sex: Female
Date of Birth: November 16, 2003
Place of Birth: Koronadal City, South Cotabato

Department
S.Y. 2020-2021
Junior High School: Notre Dame of St. Nino, Inc.
Grades Seven to Ten
S.Y. 2018-2019
Elementary: Montessori Casa Precious Jewels Inc.

Sto. Nino, South Cotabato
Grade Four to Six

Atdec (Atmospheric Dew Collector) : A Sustainable Method For Harvesting Atmospheric Water

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JMJ Marist Brothers

Notre Dame of Marbel University

AtDeC (Atmospheric Dew Collector): A Sustainable Method for Harvesting

A Research Paper Submitted to

Mr. Karl Evan Pama

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject

Investigation, Immersion and Inquiries (III)

Agregado, Zyrus Estelle

Capotoy, Benar Lene

Chatto, Angel Mae

Ebon, Jewel Lyre

Escalera, Jenny Jyb

Huesca, Rouie Jade

Solatorio, Shaira Mae

Villalobos, Mariel Sofia

Grade 12 – St. Mark

Karl Evan Pama

This chapter contains necessary background information the reader must

of terms. These sectors provided brief information about the study.

Background of the Study

overuse of water may lead to water shortage. Water scarcity already affects every

continent where they experience lack of sufficient water, or not having access to

contribution to poverty reduction.

According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

scarcity as such, an increasing number of regions are chronically short of water. As

Atmospheric moisture is plentifully present in our surrounding air and is arising as

a significant wellspring of consumable water, particularly in zones with little downpour

2019, Eslami, M., et.al, 2018).

Converting water vapor in the air (humidity) to water is one way to reduce the

because of build-up of atmospheric water vapour on surfaces of temperature

km3 (Hamed, A., et.al 2010).

This problem encouraged the researchers to create a concept of device

from water shortage.

Statement of the Problem

study aims to:

1. Design a prototype of atmospheric water collector.

2. Construct a prototype of atmospheric water collector.

3. Test the functionality of the prototype.

4. Difference between the amounts collected in daytime and evening.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

vicinity of Norala, South Cotabato.

Significance of the Study

The result of this study will be helpful to the following:

Community. Water is an essential and basic need of a person, the AtDeC

community especially those places who suffers from water shortage.

materials to lessen the cost in the production.

concept of the prototype dew collector.

words were given definition in order to be well understood.

Review of Related Literature

further information. These literatures were also utilized in conceptualizing the

Atmospheric Dew Amount of water

Fig. 1 Conceptual Framework

AtDeC (Atmospheric Dew Collector): A Sustainable

Factors Affecting the Collection of Atmospheric

Humidity Height of Weather Time of Collection Location

Fig 2. Literature Map

Atmospheric Dew Collector

According to Climate Technology Centre and Network (2019), Fog harvesting

collect a fog as proposed by a British Designer, a potentially life-saving and thirst-

collectors to expand on current, conventional rain harvesting techniques with

atmospheric changes by opening or closing the device accordingly. In order to be as

open as possible, it is planned to be compatible with a large range of popular internet

programs, such as Internet Explorer and Flash. (Mok, 2018).