19/08/2021
GE Board Exam 2021 Law Coverage:
-Obligations and Contracts ✓
-Laws on Property and Land Registration ✓
-Public Land Law and Natural Resources ✓
-Agrarian Reform laws ✓
-Code of Ethics of the Profession ✓
-Rules and Regulations Governing Land
Surveying ✓
-and other related laws
1 2
Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000
(R.A. 9003)
3 4
Ecological solid waste
management
• refer to the systematic administration of activities
which provide for segregation at source, segregated
transportation, storage, transfer, processing,
treatment, and disposal of solid waste and all other
waste management activities which do not harm
the environment
5 6
Other related laws
Prepared by
Engr. Mark Reynold M. Arriesgado, J.D.
National Solid Waste Management
Commission
• The Commission shall oversee the implementation of solid
waste management plans and prescribe policies to achieve
the objectives of this Act.
• The DENR, through the Environmental Management Bureau,
shall provide secretariat support to the Commission. The
Secretariat shall be headed by an executive director who
shall be nominated by the members of the Commission and
appointed by the chairman.
• Provincial Solid Waste Management Board and City and
Municipal Solid Waste Management Board
Kinds of Wastes
1. Solid waste shall refer to all discarded household,
commercial waste, non-hazardous institutional and
industrial waste, street sweepings, construction debris,
agricultural waste, and other non-hazardous/non-toxic
solid waste.
2. Hazardous waste shall refer to solid waste or
combination of solid waste which because of its quantity,
concentration, or physical, chemical or infectious
characteristics
3. Agricultural waste refer to waste generated from planting
or harvesting of crops, trimming or pruning of plants and
wastes or run-off materials from farms or fields
1

Kinds of Wastes
4. Yard waste shall refer to wood, small or chipped
branches, leaves, grass clippings, garden debris,
vegetable residue that is recognizable as part of a plant
or vegetable and other materials identified by the
Commission.
5. Municipal waste shall refer to wastes produced from
activities within local government units which include a
combination of domestic, commercial, institutional and
industrial wastes and street litters;
7 8
White goods
• shall refer to large worn-out or broken household,
commercial, and industrial appliances such as
stoves, refrigerators, dishwashers, and clothes
washers and dryers collected separately. White
goods are usually dismantled for the recovery of
specific materials (e.g., copper, aluminum, etc.)
9 10
Segregation
• refer to a solid waste management practice of
separating different materials found in solid waste
in order to promote recycling and re-use of
resources and to reduce the volume of waste for
collection and disposal
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Kinds of Wastes
6. Bulky wastes shall refer to waste materials which cannot be
appropriately placed in separate containers because of either
its bulky size, shape or other physical attributes. These include
large worn-out or broken household, commercial, and
industrial items such as furniture, lamps, bookcases, filing
cabinets, and other similar items.
7. Special wastes shall refer to household hazardous wastes
such as paints, thinners, household batteries, lead-acid
batteries, spray canisters and the like. These include wastes
from residential and commercial sources that comprise of
bulky wastes, consumer electronics, white goods, yard wastes
that are collected separately, batteries, oil, and tires. These
wastes are usually handled separately from other residential
and commercial wastes;
Leachate
• shall refer to the liquid produced when waste
undergo decomposition, and when water percolate
through solid waste undergoing decomposition. It is
contaminated liquid that contains dissolved and
suspended materials
Recycling
• refer to the treating of used or waste materials
through a process of making them suitable for
beneficial use and for other purposes, and includes
any process by which solid waste materials are
transformed into new products in such a manner
that the original product may lose their identity,
and which maybe used as raw materials for the
production of other goods or services
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2
 19/08/2021

Re-use Sample board exam question

• refer to the process of recovering materials Process of recovering materials intended for the same or
intended for the same or different purpose without different purpose without the alteration of physical and
the alteration of physical and chemical chemical characteristics.
characteristics
A. Reduce
B. Recycle
C. Reuse
D. Segragation

13 14

Buy-back center Materials recovery facility

• shall refer to a recycling center that purchases or • includes a solid waste transfer station or sorting
otherwise accepts recyclable materials from the station, drop-off center, a composting facility, and a
public for the purpose of recycling such materials recycling facility

15 16

Open dump Sanitary landfill

• shall refer to a disposal area wherein the solid
wastes are indiscriminately thrown or disposed of
without due planning and consideration for
environmental and Health standards
Note: Open dumps are no longer allowed under this
law, must be converted to controlled dumps
• shall refer to a waste disposal site designed,
constructed, operated and maintained in a manner
that exerts engineering control over significant
potential environment impacts arising from the
development and operation of the facility (final
disposal sites)

17 18

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Prohibited Acts under RA 9003
(1) Littering, throwing, dumping of waste matters
in public places, such as roads, sidewalks, canals, esteros
or parks, and establishment, or causing or permitting the
same;
(2) Undertaking activities or operating, collecting
or transporting equipment in violation of sanitation
operation and other requirements or permits set forth in
or established pursuant to this Act;
(3) The open burning of solid waste;
(4) Causing or permitting the collection of non-
segregated or unsorted waste;
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Prohibited Acts under RA 9003
(9) Establishment or operation of open dumps as
enjoined in this Act, or closure of said dumps in
violation of Sec. 37;
(10) The manufacture, distribution or use of non-
environmentally acceptable packaging materials;
(11) Importation of consumer products packaged in
non-environmentally acceptable materials;
(12) Importation of toxic wastes misrepresented as
“recyclable” or “with recyclable content”;
21
Penalties under RA 9003
(a) Any person who violates Sec. 48, paragraph (1) shall, upon
conviction, be punished with a fine of not less than Three hundred
pesos (P300.00) but not more than One thousand pesos (P1,000.00)
or render community service for not less than one (1) day to not
more than fifteen (15) days to an LGU where such prohibited acts
are committed, or both;
(b) Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars. (2) and (3), shall,
upon conviction, be punished with a fine of not less than Three
hundred pesos (P300.00) but not more than One thousand pesos
(P1,000.00) or imprisonment of not less than one (1) day to not
more than fifteen (15) days, or both;
(c) Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars. (4), (5), (6), and
(7) shall, upon conviction, be punished with a fine of not less than
One thousand pesos (P1,000.00) but not more than Three thousand
pesos (P3,000.00) or imprisonment of not less than fifteen (15) days
but not more than six (6) months, or both;
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Prohibited Acts under RA 9003
(5) Squatting in open dumps and landfills;
(6) Open dumping, burying of biodegradable
or non-biodegradable materials in flood-prone areas;
(7) Unauthorized removal of recyclable
material intended for collection by authorized
persons;
(8) The mixing of source-separated recyclable
material with other solid waste in any vehicle, box,
container or receptacle used in solid waste collection
or disposal;
20
Prohibited Acts under RA 9003
(13) Transport and dumping in bulk of collected
domestic, industrial, commercial and institutional wastes
in areas other than centers or facilities prescribed under
this Act;
(14) Site preparation, construction, expansion or
operation of waste management facilities without an
Environmental Compliance Certificate required pursuant
to Presidential Decree No. 1586 and this Act and not
conforming with the land use plan of the LGU;
(15) The construction of any establishment within
two hundred (200) meters from open dumps or controlled
dumps, or sanitary landfills; and
(16) The construction or operation of landfills or any
waste disposal facility on any aquifer, groundwater
reservoir or watershed area and or any portions thereof.
22
Penalties under RA 9003
d) Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars. (8), (9), (10) and (11) for
the first time shall, upon conviction, pay a fine of Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) plus an amount not less than five percent (5%) but not
more than ten percent (10%) of his net annual income during the previous
year.
The additional penalty of imprisonment of a minimum period of one (1)
year, but not to exceed three (3) years at the discretion of the court, shall be
imposed for second or subsequent violations of Sec. 48, paragraphs (9) and
(10).
(e) Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars. (12) and (13), shall, upon
conviction, be punished with a fine of not less than Ten thousand pesos
(P10,000.00) but not more than Two hundred thousand pesos
(P200,000.00) or imprisonment of not less than thirty (30) days but not
more than three (3) years, or both;
(f) Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars. (14), (15) and (16) shall,
upon conviction, be punished with a fine not less than One hundred
thousand pesos (P100,000.00) but not more than One million pesos
(P1,000,000.00), or imprisonment not less than one (1) year but not more
than six (6) years, or both.
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REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9072
AN ACT TO MANAGE AND PROTECT CAVES
AND CAVE RESOURCES AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES
25
Cave
• any naturally occurring void, cavity, recess or system
of interconnected passages beneath the surface of
the earth or within a cliff or ledge and which is large
enough to permit an individual to enter, whether or
not the entrance, located either in private or public
land, is naturally formed or man made. It shall
include any natural pit, sinkhole or other feature
which is an extension of the entrance. The term also
includes cave resources therein, but not any vug,
mine tunnel, aqueduct or other manmade
excavation.
27
Speleothem
• means any natural mineral formation or deposit
occurring in a cave or lava tube, including but not
limited to any stalactite, stalagmite, helictite, cave
flower, flowstone, concretion, drapery, rimstone or
formation of clay or mud.
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Penalties
Any person found guilty of any of the offenses
enumerated under Section 7 hereof shall be punished
by imprisonment from two (2) years to six (6) years or
a fine ranging from Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000)
to five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) or both
at the discretion of the Court: Provided That the
person furnishing the capital to accomplish the acts
punishable herein shall be punished by imprisonment
from six (6) yrs and one (1) day to eight (8) years or by
a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) to One million pesos (P1,000,000.00) or
both at the Discretion of the Court.
26
Speleogem
• means relief features on the walls, ceilings and floor
of any cave or lava tube which are part of the
surrounding hedrock, including but not limited to
anastomoses, scallops, meander niches,
petromorphs and rock pendants in solution caves
and similar features unique to volcanic caves.
28
Prohibited Acts
(a) Knowingly destroying, disturbing, defacing,
marring, altering, removing, or harming the
speleogem or speleothem of any cave or altering the
free movement of any animal or plant life into or out
of any cave:
(b) Gathering, collecting, possessing, consuming,
selling, bartering or exchanging or offering for sale
without authority any, cave resource; and
(c) Counselling, procuring, soliciting or employing any
other person to violate any provisions of this Section.
30
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Republic Act No. 8749
"Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999."
31
Greenhouse gases
• mean those gases that can potentially or can
reasonably be expected to induce global warming,
which include carbon dioxide, methane, oxides of
nitrogen, chlorofluorocarbons, and the like
33
RA 6552 (REALTY INSTALLMENT BUYER
PROTECTION ACT)
- Declared a public policy to protect buyers of real estate
on installment payments against onerous and
oppressive conditions.
- Also known as the MACEDA LAW
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Air pollutant
• any matter found in the atmosphere other than
oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and
the inert gases in their natural or normal
concentrations, that is detrimental to health or the
environment, which includes but not limited to
smoke, dust, soot, cinders, fly ash, solid particles of
any kind, gases, fumes, chemical mists, steam and
radio-active substances
32
Sample board exam question
What is the main reason why our planet is hotter,
which causes natural disaster, drought and floods?
A. too much water pollution
B. carbon pollution
C. uncontrolled temperature
D. noise pollution
34
RA 6552 REALTY INSTALLMENT BUYER
PROTECTION ACT
Rights of a Defaulting Buyer under RA 6552:
A.) Right to update payments without additional
interest or in the alternative a refund of cash
surrender value.
There are two categories of buyers accorded protection
under this law:
1. a buyer with at least 2 years of installments (Section 3)
2. a buyer with less than 2 years of installments (Section
4)
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RA 6552 REALTY INSTALLMENT BUYER
PROTECTION ACT
I.) Buyer with at least two (2) years of installment – Section 3
RA 6552
If the buyer in this category defaults in the payment of his
succeeding installments, he is entitled:
a. to pay without additional interest the unpaid installments
due within the total grace period earned by him. Said grace
period is equal to 1 month for every year of installment
payments he has made. Here the buyer has at least 2
months grace period for he should have paid at least 2 years
of installments to avail of the rights under this section.
- right can be exercised by the buyer only once in every five
years of the life of the contract.
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RA 6552 REALTY INSTALLMENT BUYER
PROTECTION ACT
II.) Buyer with less than two (2) years of installment –
Section 4 RA 6552
If he has paid less than two (2) years of installments, he
still has the right to pay within a grace period of not less
than sixty (60) days from the date the installment
became due.
If the buyer fails to pay the installment due at the
expiration of the grace period, i.e. 60 days, the seller
may cancel the contract after 30 days from receipt by
the buyer of the notice of cancellation or demand for
rescission of the contract by a notarial act.
(Here the buyer is not entitled to any refund.)
39
RA 8371
"The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997.”
(IPRA Law)
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RA 6552 REALTY INSTALLMENT BUYER
PROTECTION ACT
b. to be refunded of the cash surrender value of his
payments equal to 50% of his total payments if the
contract is cancelled. But if he has paid five years or
more, he is entitled to an increase of 5% every year and
so on but the cash surrender value shall not exceed
90% of his total payments.
In the computation of the total number of installment
payments the following are included:
1. down payment and
2. deposit or option money
38
Sample board exam question
Can a condominium buyer paid 50% of the purchased price of his unit
be considered a co-owner of the said condo?
a. Yes, he’s already occupying his unit in the concept of an owner.
b. No, he has not fully paid his unit.
c. Yes, because he is religiously paying his monthly amortization
d. No, he is not a member of the association.
40
IPRA Law is an exception to Regalian
Doctrine
The State shall protect the rights of ICCs/IPs to their
ancestral domains to ensure their economic, social and
cultural well being and shall recognize the applicability
of customary laws governing property rights or relations
in determining the ownership and extent of ancestral
domain;
42
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Ancestral Lands
Land occupied, possessed and utilized by individuals,
families and clans who are members of the ICCs/IPs
since time immemorial, by themselves or through their
predecessors-in-interest, under claims of individual or
traditional group ownership, continuously, to the
present, including, but not limited to, residential lots,
rice terraces or paddies, private forests, swidden farms
and tree lot.
43
Option to Secure Certificate of Title
under Commonwealth Act 141
Individual members of cultural communities, with respect to
individually-owned ancestral lands who, by themselves or through
their predecessors-in -interest, have been in continuous possession
and occupation of the same in the concept of owner since the
immemorial or for a period of not less than thirty (30) years
immediately preceding the approval of this Act and uncontested by
the members of the same ICCs/IPs shall have the option to secure
title to their ancestral lands.
For this purpose, said individually-owned ancestral lands, which are
agricultural in character and actually used for agricultural,
residential, pasture, and tree farming purposes, including those
with a slope of eighteen percent (18%) or more, are hereby
classified as alienable and disposable agricultural lands.
45
Composition of NCIP
Shall be composed of seven (7) Commissioners belonging to
ICCs/IPs, one (1) of whom shall be the Chairperson. The
Commissioners shall be appointed by the President of the
Philippines from a list of recommendees submitted by
authentic ICCs/IPs: Provided, That the seven (7)
Commissioners shall be appointed specifically from each of
the following ethnographic areas: Region I and the
Cordilleras; Region II; the rest of Luzon; Island Groups
including Mindoro, Palawan, Romblon, Panay and the rest
of the Visayas; Northern and Western Mindanao; Southern
and Eastern Mindanao; and Central Mindanao: Provided,
That at least two (2) of the seven (7) Commissioners shall
be women.
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Certificate of Ancestral Domain
Title (CADT)
Refers to a title formally recognizing the rights of
possession and ownership of ICCs/IPs over their ancestral
domains identified and delineated in accordance with
this law.
All lands certified to be ancestral domains shall be
exempt from real property taxes, specially levies, and
other forms of exaction except such portion of the
ancestral domains as are actually used for large-scale
agriculture, commercial forest plantation and residential
purposes and upon titling by other by private person.
44
National Commission on Indigenous
Peoples (NCIP)
Office created under this Act, which shall be under the
Office of the President, and which shall be the primary
government agency responsible for the formulation
and implementation of policies, plans and programs to
recognize, protect and promote the rights of ICCs/IPs.
46
Function of NCIP
In cases of conflicting interest, where there are adverse
claims within the ancestral domains as delineated in the
survey plan, and which cannot be resolved, the NCIP
shall hear and decide, after notice to the proper
parties, the disputes arising from the delineation of
such ancestral domains: Provided, That if the dispute is
between and/or among ICCs/IPs regarding the
traditional boundaries of their respective ancestral
domains, customary process shall be followed.
48
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Ancestral Domains Office (ADO)
The Ancestral Domain Office shall be responsible for
the identification, delineation and recognition of
ancestral land/domains.
It shall also issue, upon the free and prior informed
consent of the ICCs/IPs concerned, certification prior
to the grant of any license, lease or permit for the
exploitation of natural resources affecting the
interests of ICCs/IPs in protecting the territorial
integrity of all ancestral domains.
49
4. Historical accounts, including pacts and agreements
concerning boundaries entered into by the ICCs/IPs
concerned with other ICCs/IPs;
5. Survey plans and sketch maps;
6. Anthropological data;
7. Genealogical surveys;
8. Pictures and descriptive histories of traditional
communal forests and hunting grounds;
9. Pictures and descriptive histories of traditional
landmarks such as mountains, rivers, creeks, ridges,
hills, terraces and the like; and
10. Write-ups of names and places derived from the
native dialect of the community
51
Consultative Body
A body consisting of the traditional leaders, elders
and representatives from the women and youth
sectors of the different ICCs/IPs shall be constituted
by the NCIP from the time to time to advise it on
matters relating to the problems, aspirations and
interests of the ICCs/IPs.
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Ancestral Land Delineation Process
Proof of Ancestral Domain Claims shall include the
testimony of elders or community under oath, and other
documents directly or indirectly attesting to the possession
or occupation of the area since time immemorial by such
ICCs/IPs in the concept of owners which shall be any one (1)
of the following authentic documents:
1. Written accounts of the ICCs/IPs customs and traditions;
2. Written accounts of the ICCs/IPs political structure and
institution;
3. Pictures showing long term occupation such as those of
old improvements, burial grounds, sacred places and old
villages;
50
Sample board exam question
Before the delineation of the boundaries of the ancestral
domain of a particular indigenous community, the NCP shall
require the following:
I. Testimonies of elders or community leaders under oath.
II. Documents directly or indirectly attesting to the occupation
of the area since time immemorial by the applicants
III. Written accounts of the concerned indigenous cultural
communities of their political structures and institutions.
A. I & II
B. II & III
C. I & III
D. I, II, & III
52