ROLE OF TOURISM IN THE

DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION IN
RURAL AREAS OF NEPAL
A case study of Shree Janajagriti Secondary School,
Dharche Rural Municipality-5, Machhakhola, Gorkha,
Nepal

A Thesis Submitted to Central Department of Rural

Development, Tribhuvan University in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
degree of Bachelor of Arts in Rural Development

Submitted By:
Suresh Gurung
Central Department of Rural Development
Faculty of Humanities and Social Science
Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu

TU Registration No.: 7-2-921-142-2014

 Exam Roll No.: 320035
Shrawan 32, 2078

Acknowledgement

During my time of the research and preparation of this report, I

got support, assistance and suggestions from many people whom
I am very thankful for it. First of all, I would like to express my
gratitude to the students and teachers of Shree Janajagriti
Secondary School, Machhakhola and department of Rural
Development for providing me the opportunity to conduct this
research. I would like to thank my professor, Mr. Narayan
Koirala for his continuous support, guidance and
encouragement.

I would like to thank all the respected teachers and staffs of

department of the Rural Development. My gratitude goes to all
the teachers and staffs of Shree Janajagriti Secondary School,
the locals of Machhakhola, the staff of Les Amis de Laprak and
Good Neighbours International Nepal for their valuable time.
And finally I would like to thank my family members for
providing resources and further assistance. Without the help of
all these people, institutions and the organization, the
preparation of my report would have been very difficult.

Suresh Gurung
 Abstract
Tourism is the activities of people traveling to and staying in
places outside their usual environment for leisure, business or
other purposes for not more than one year. Tourism is vital for
the success of many economies around the world. There are
several benefits of tourism on host destinations. Tourism not
only contributes towards more economic activities but also
generates more employment, revenues and play a significant
role in development. Among them, education sector in rural
Nepal is one of many sectors that has been benefited by tourism.

The research was carried out entitled, ‘Role of Tourism in the

development of education in rural areas of Nepal: A case
study of Shree Janajagriti Secondary School, Dharche Rural
Municipality-5, Machhakhola, Gorkha’. The objective of this
research was to analyze and study the importance of tourism in
rural development, especially the education sector. The study is
based on data available from the field survey. The data collected
for the research were entirely done by primary method. It were
collected through intensive field study with the support of
interview, observation and key informants interview. The
findings of this study have indicated, the village education
institutions have been flourished and improved overtime
because of the tourism activities. Students from each house have
been receiving some kinds of support from tourism and the
teachers as well.
 Table of Contents

Unit 1: Introduction

1.1: Background of the study 1, 2

1.2: Statement of the Problem 3
1.3: Objective of the study 3
1.4: Significance of the study 4
1.5: Limitation of the study 4, 5

Unit 2: Literature Review

2.1: Concept of Tourism 6

2.2: Tourism - A global overview 6, 7, 8

2.3: Tourism in Nepal 8, 9, 10

Unit 3: Research Methodologies

3.1: Source of Sampling Method 10

3.2: Source of Data collection Method 10, 11

3.3: Data collection Tools and Techniques 11, 12
Unit 4: Data presentation, analysis and
interpretation

4.1: Introduction of the Study area 12, 13, 14

4.1.1: Population of the study area 15
4.1.2: Ethnicity and Caste Composition 16

4.1.3: Religious Condition of the study area 17

4.1.4: Major Occupation 18

4.1.5: Education Background of the study area 18

4.2: Role of Tourism in the education sector of the study

area 19, 20

Unit 5: CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1: Conclusion 20, 21
5.2: Recommendations 21, 22

REFERENCES 23
ANNEX – (I) Questionnaire for Local People 23, 24, 25

ANNEX – (II) Questionnaire for school staffs 26, 27, 28

LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title of Table Page No.

1 Population distribution of Machhakhola 15

2 Population distribution of Shree Janagjagriti 15
Secondary School
3 Ethnicity and caste composition of
Machhakhola 16
4 Ethnicity and caste composition of Shree
Janagjagriti Secondary School 16
5 Religious condition of Machhakhola 17
6 Religious condition of Shree Janjagriti
Secondary School 17

ACRONYMS/ ABBREVIATIONS
IUOTO : International Union of Official Travel Organizations
WTO : World Trade Organization
UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization
FAO : Food and Agriculture Organization
WHO : World Health Organization
UNO : United Nations Organization
US : United States
NGO : Non – Governmental Organization
INGO : International Non – Governmental Organization
RM : Rural Municipality

Unit 1: Introduction

1.1: Background of the study

The tourism industry has fascinated the whole world. Most of
the nations have recognized the economic advantages of
tourism. Tourism is a fruitful procedure for transferring the real
resources from industrially advanced countries to developing
countries. It is also one of the important sources for earning
scarce foreign exchange and generating employment. Tourism is
a highly labour intensive industry offering employment to both
skilled and semiskilled manpower. Being a service-oriented
industry, it creates employment opportunities for the local
people as well. The employment generation of tourism industry
is more important in a developing country where the level of
unemployment and underemployment tends to be high. Besides,
providing employment, tourism can be a tool of regional policy
aimed at achieving an equitable balance between major
industrial areas and the rest of the country. Thus, tourism
enables transferring the resources from one part of the country to
another. The tourism industry makes tremendous contribution to
the improvement of social and political understanding between
people and the countries. Traveling in different countries fosters
better relationship between people of various places. Personal
and international contacts have always been an important way of
sharing and spreading ideas about other cultures. Thus, tourism
is an important media to promote cultural exchange and
international co-operation. Nepal cannot isolate itself from
changing global trends of institutionalizing the tourism business.
1
The concept of tourism development in Nepal began only after
the 1950's political change.The revolution of 1950/51 ended the
Rana's monopoly of family rule and they were overthrown from
the power. From viewpoint of tourism, the great revolution of
1950 was a boom for Nepal. After 1950's revolution, Nepal's
expanding diplomatic relations, her membership of UNO (1955)
and other world organization like IUOTO, WTO, UNESCO,
FAO, WHO. The summit of Mt. Sagaramatha (Everest) in 1955
by Tenzin Norgey Sherpa and Edmund Hillary was a great
landmark in the history of tourism in Nepal. Since then, the
contribution of tourism to the economy of Nepal, and as a source
of foreign exchange earning has been quite encouraging except
the 10years maoist conflict of 1995-2005/6. Tourism is Nepal's
fourth largest industry by employment, according to a new
study. The analytical study on tourism released by the Central
Bureau of Statistics recently shows that Nepal’s tourism industry
provides 371,140 jobs. This represents 11.5 percent of persons
engaged in all industries in the country.
In addition, tourism products are major exports of Nepal. It has
contributed a lot in the improvement of the living standards of
the rural people by providing jobs. One of the many sectors that
have been benefited directly and indirectly from tourism is the
education sector in Nepal. Parents have been able to send
children to school. Many educational institutions of rural Nepal
have been able to flourish to provide education to children from
underprivileged and needy families through NGO’s/INGO’s run
by tourism entrepreneurs and foreign tourists.

2
1.2: Statement of the Problem
Tourism plays a vital role in the process of national economy. It
is not only an important sources of foreign currency but also a
major employment generating industry. Tourism in Nepal ranges
from nature, culture, adventure, sports, pilgrimage, eco-tourism,
community based tourism, sustainable to mountaineering.
The study area, Machhakhola is a starting and ending point of
many treks in Northern Gorkha. Despite having potentialities in
tourism industry, this destination receives less number of tourist.
Low facilities of accommodations, less participation of private
sectors, lack of support from local bodies and local people are
major causes.
This study help to identify the present situation of tourism in
Machhakhola which will help to improve the tourism industries
and as a result improve the education sector including other
sectors.

1.3: Objective of the study

The general objective of the study is to analyze the tourism
about Machhakhola and its contribution to the educational
sector. The specific objectives of the study are to assess the
status of tourism development, to analyze the challenges and to
evaluate the prospects of tourism development in the study area
while primarily focusing on the educational sector.

3
1.4: Significance of the study
Nepal, being a developing country, depends on agricultural
economy. Problem like unemployment and population growth is
rising days by days. There are no large scales for
development .Nepal has big potentiality to develop tourism and
tourism is suitable in cultural, rituals, language customs, and
geographical condition. Considering the important of tourism
development Nepal government has made a number of
provisions in five-year plan. Nepal government has planned to
explore new tourist area to preserve the potentiality of such
tourist area and such tourist area need sufficient infrastructure
over there.
This study will be beneficial for the personals and organizations
that are looking for the tourism development, management and
progress in this sector. This study will be helpful for the NGO’s;
INGO’s working in the field of education through tourism in
development in Machhakhola.

1.5: Limitation of the study

This study area is limited only to Machhakhola. It studies all
kinds of contributions and help received by the students, staffs
and teachers of Shree Janajagriti Secondary School from NGO’s
and INGO’S directly related to tourism. Any kind or research
works are done within certain area of limitation. It determines its
nature need situation and area of study. So, the conclusion drawn
from this study was more suggestive rather than conclusive.

4
Therefore, findings of this study may not be applicable for the
context of national aggregate level. Therefore, findings of this
study may not be applicable for the context of national aggregate
level. Every study has its own limitation due to the time and
resource availability. So, the major limitations of this study are
as follows:
 The study covers only the selected area of Machhakhola and
Shree Janajagriti Secondary School

 Estimation of donations and support from NGO’s and INGO’S

is based on the information provided by the locals, staffs of
Shree Janajagriti Secondary School and the staffs of all the
contributing NGO’s and INGO’s

 The interview is conducted with the local people, staffs of

Shree Janajagriti Secondary School and the staffs of all the
contributing NGO’s and INGO’s
The findings and recommendations of the study are useful to
formulate plan and policy of tourism so that it can contribute
directly and indirectly in the development of education of the
particular area. This study will be useful to provide a clear cut
research framework to analyze the tourism related issues for
future researcher.

5
Unit 2: Literature Review

2.1: Concept of Tourism

The word, ‘Tourism’ is derived from French word, ‘Tourisme’
has a simple meaning related to travel and profession. As the
word, ‘Tourism’ directly concerns with ‘Tourist’ and the term
tourist as defined according to the time change. “A tourist is a
person who stays for a period of more than a day and less than
six months in a country he or she visits.” As defined by Swiss
Professor Walter Hunziker and Kurt Krapf, “Tourism is the sum
of the phenomenon and relationship arising from the travel and
stay of non-resident, in so far as they do not lead to permanent
resident and are not connected with any earning activity.” Thus
traveling has been a human phenomenon since the dawn of the
human civilization.

2.2: Tourism - A global perspective

Tourism as emerged as an industry which, according to the
WTO, in 1991 generated approximately 74 million jobs in its
directs and services oriented industries, such as airlines, hotels,
travel services and publications (Edington and Smith: 94) The
world Trade organization predicts that international tourism by
the years 2000 and 2010 will involve 702 million and 1108
million visitors respectively.

6
This tourism will have significant economic and environmental
implications worldwide (Nepal, 1997). Madrid (1999)
international tourist arrival grew by a solid 2.4 percent
worldwide in 1998, despite fallout from Asia’s economic crises,
which depressed travel throughout the Pacific Rim countries.
According to preliminary results released by the World Tourism
Organization 625 million tourist visited foreign country in 1998.
Receipts from international tourism, exclude airfares, climbed
two percent to US$ 444.7 billion. Arrivals to South Asia grew
by 5 percent-twice the world average- to reach 5 million tourists,
while receipts climbed 2.8 percent to US$ 4.4 billion. Indian
which accounts for nearly half the 16 regional total, managed to
maintain of growth rate on one percent in arrivals by attracting
increasing numbers of European tourists. Iran achieved
significant tourism growth of 21 percent in terms of arrivals and
22 percent in earning, although starting from a very low base.
Sri Lanka also showed good tourism growth with an increase of
just over 4 percent in arrivals and jump of nearly 10 in tourism
receipts. The Maldives each becomes an increasingly important
destination in the South Asia Region with a strong increase in
tourism of 10 percent last year. (Source: internet) Nearly twenty
year ago the American Futurologist Herman Kahn, (1976)
predicted that by the end of the century tourism would be one of
the largest international industries in the world; it appears that he
was correct.

7
Already the international tourism and travel industry is 4 times
as larger as the internationals arms trade than and twice as large
as the trade in petroleum product. By 1990 tourism expenditure
in the United States, Including both domestic and oversea was
nearly twice as large as expenditure in all forms of educations
and was only surpassed by the health and medical service
(Shrestha, 2059). Rob Davidson and Robert Maitland (1997)
have mentioned that ‘from its early origins as an indulgence
restricted to the rich and leisured classes. Tourism and grown to
become an inseparable part of modern life and an integral part of
modern life and an integral part of social. Cultural and economic
activity in Western Europe, as in other parts of the developed
and developing world. The European Union 1995 Green Paper
on tourism remarked that: ‘More than a matter of habit or a
heterogeneous set of economic activities, tourism has become,
within less than a century, a determining factor in the life of
millions of people, tourism changes with the improvement in
improvement and result of it.’ (Commission on the EC, 1995)
2.3: Tourism in Nepal
Nepal is a model of diverse culture and nature. Tourism industry
flourishes in its surrounding. Published and unpublished works
have been done by numerous scholars’ concerned organization
about tourism.

8
Talking about the tourism destination in the world Nepal has
been selected as one the rural tourism destination in the world.
M. B. Shrestha has covered some important aspect of Nepalese
aviation and tourism in his book "Nepalese aviation and
tourism" and tried to explain the aviation history and rule of
aviation in tourism. He further discussed the economic
significant and the benefit of tourism in the economy of host
country which is measured mainly in terms of foreign exchange
receipt from tourism and its multiplier effects and different
activities, contributing to national income and employment
generation in rural areas thus contributing to regional balance.
Tourism development will also induce new business
opportunities by opening market for social products, promotes
new skill and encourage positive change in land use and
production system.

Due to a surge in tourist arrivals, the amount of foreign

exchange earnings from tourism also jumped from Rs11.71
billion in 2000-01 to Rs75.80 billion in 2017-18. Tourism
revenue in 2017-18 was equivalent to 9.9 percent of the total
foreign exchange earnings that year. The number of
international tourists in Nepal has been increasing over the
years. Arrivals more than doubled from 464,000 in 2000 to 1.17
million in 2018. In this scenario, there is no doubt that
expansion of tourism to villages will contribute more to the
economic development for the country like Nepal. Tourism
plays an indeterminate role in Nepal’s economy.

It has become a pillar for economic development in recent years.

According to a study of World Tourism Organization, one
incoming tourist in a particular country provides direct and
indirect employment to nine persons. The tourism 17 sector
accounts 19 percent of foreign currency earnings. On top on this,
the sector pays for more than 33% of total revenue to the
government.

Unit 3: Research Methodologies

3.1: Source of Sampling Method

This study is related on role of tourism in development of
education in rural Nepal. Thus, this sample represents the school
of the study area, the staffs of school and the supporting INGO’s
and NGO’s and local people. It is selected systematically,
scientifically and methodologically.

3.2: Source of Data collection Method

Data and information have been gathered and adopted from both
sources (primary and secondary) and it has been tabulated and
interpreted accordingly. Both the manual and the computerized
tools has applied.

10
The available data/information has collected and analyzed
together for the conveniences of the study.
-Primary data were collected during field study with the help of
scheduled questionnaire.
-Secondary data were obtained through different sources like
published books, secondary authorities like INGO, NGO.

3.3: Data collection Tools and Techniques

The following tools and techniques of data collection were used
to get proper information.

3.3.1: Questionnaire
This method of data collection is quite popular in case of big
enquiries. In questionnaire method, questionnaire is sent to
persons with request to answer the questions and return the
questionnaire. Questions are printed in definite order, mailed to
samples who are expected to read that questions, understand the
questions and write the answers in provided space.

3.3.2: Interview
In this method, there is a direct contact between respondents and
researchers to required information. This methods also aim at
collecting information about qualitative fact such as ideas,
feelings and views, behaviors that is very helpful to find out the
truth.

11
3.3.3: Observation
Observation has been one of the basic techniques of data
collection to document the present condition of the respondents.
While interviewing the respondents, the researcher observed the
study area.

3.3.4: Focus Group Discussion

Focus group discussion has been carried out with people of the
study area. The participants of the focus group discussion were
targeted to school staff, local people and NGO/INGO activist.
The topics to discuss in FGD was inflow of tourists, prospects of
tourism, impact of tourism in education, problems of tourism,
services available to attract tourists and further plans to be
performed to increase the tourism and improve the quality of
education sector.

Unit 4: Data presentation, analysis and

interpretation

4.1: Introduction of the Study area

Dharche Rural Municipality of Gorkha district falls under the
Gandaki province. This region is dominantly inhabited by the
Gurung communities who are the followers of Bon religion
(प्रकृति पु जन).

12
The naming of this village municipality is a combination of the
words from the local language, ‘Dharja and Gang’. Dharja
means flag and Gang means hill. Dharja and Gang, the hill
where the prayer flag is put and buried, are associated with
nature worship and folk beliefs. The practice of praying and
burying flags/flowers on the rivers and hills for the success or
protection of the journey when wishing to accomplish one's task
or leaving the village proves that the indigenous tribes are nature
worshippers.
Therefore, an open museum of nature and culture - Dharche has
been prepared with the tourism slogan "Tourism for me, tourism
for me" and a new rural municipality Dharche of potential and
prosperity has been established. It is spread over 28.1357
degrees north latitude and 84.5228 degrees east longitude and
the area is 652 km2. It is located at an altitude of 630-7309
meters above sea level. This village municipality has 7 wards
which was created by restructuring the 6 VDCs of the area,
‘Keraunja Uhiya, Laprak, Gumda, Kashigaun and Lapu’. The
Dharche Rural Municipality is bordered to the east by Tibet of
neighboring China and Dhading district, Barpak Sulikot RM in
the west, Chumnuvri RM in the north and Arughat RM in the
south.The maximum temperature is between 29 degrees Celsius
and the minimum is 5 degrees Celsius. According to the current
household survey, there are 3932 households and a population of
18724. However, the population of this village municipality has
increased at the rate of 2.18 percent.

13
This village is inhabited by Bon, Buddhists, Hindus and then
Christians. In terms of population, 83.9% are Gurungs, 11% are
Ghales, 4.9% are from Vishwakarma and the remaining 0.2%
are from other tribes. Professionally, about 40% are involved in
agriculture, 23% in wages, 22.5% in students, and 7.5% in
foreign employment and the rest in other professions. In terms
of land use, agricultural land is 9.83%, forest cover is 36.67%,
grass and bush is 20%, barren and rocky land is 30.38%, snow
cover is 2.53% and the rest is lakes.

Machhakhola is headquarter of the Dharche Rural Municipality.

It is surrounded by Reshikhola and Budi Gandaki River from
two sides. It is a small settlement at an altitude of 850m.
Machhakhola is the starting and ending point of many beautiful
treks like the Rupina La Pass, Lower Manaslu, Nesyang Cho,
Tsum Valley and Manaslu Circuit.

Shree Janajagriti Secondary School is the only one in

Machhakhola which was established in 2046 B.S. From 2068
B.S., it started to get support from INGO’s established by a
foreigner and a tourism entrepreneur from a nearby village. And
many tourists have sponsored children from needy families to
get a better education.

14
4.1.1: Population of the study area
Table 1
Population Distribution of Machhakhola
Population Number Percentage
Male 207 48.6
Female 219 51.4
Total Population 426
Total Households 80
Population Growth 1.2 %
rate

Table 2
Population Distribution of Shree Janajagriti Secondary
School
Populations Male Female Total
Students 119 108 227
Staffs 11 5 16

As we can see that the number of the locals of Machhakhola and

students of Shree Janajagriti Secondary School is nearly equal.
This is because, half of the students are from neighboring
villages whereas the rest are from Machhakhola.

15
4.1.2: Ethnicity and Caste Composition

Table 3
Ethnicity and Caste Composition of Machhakhola
Ethnicity and Caste Population Percentage
Gurung 408 95.7%
Bishwokarma 13 3.2%
Pariyar 5 1.1%
Total 426

Table 4
Ethnicity and Caste Composition of Shree Janajagriti
Secondary School
Ethnicity and Caste Students Staffs
Gurung 217 12
Bishwokarma 7
Pariyar 3
Brahmin 4
Total 227 16

16
4.1.3: Religious Condition of the study area
Table 5
Religious Condition of Machhakhola
S.N. Population Percentage
Bon 385 90.6
Buddhists 23 5.3
Hindu 5 1.1
Christian 13 3
Total 426

Table 6
Religious Condition of Shree Janajagriti Secondary School
S.N. Students Teacher
Bon 188 12
Buddhists 31
Hindu 5 4
Christian 3
Total 227 16
 17
4.1.4: Major Occupation
Professionally, about 40% are involved in agriculture, 15% in
wages, 35.5% in students, 4% in foreign employment, 3.5% in
tourism and 2% in business. Like any other rural areas of Nepal,
we can see that agriculture is the major occupations of this
place. The agriculture in this place still uses traditional tools. It
includes farming and livestock. Daily wages work comes in
second place. Daily wages works are mostly related to
government projects like road construction, bridge and trail
repairs and construction, electricity poles, school and
government building constructions and private sectors like
house construction, furniture works, stone cutting etc. Recently,
the local people are getting interested in tourism a lot than
before.

4.1.5: Education Background of the study area

As a rural area, the literacy rate of this village is around 50%.
Currently, 35.5% of total population are students. And around
15% have completed secondary level and have taken vocational
trainings as well. Often the local people have been receiving
skill training programs related to farming and animal husbandry,
awareness programs of climate change, conservations programs
of bio-diversity are also conducted by private and government
organizations as well.
 18
4.2: Role of Tourism in the education sector of the study
area
The Dharche Rural Municipality is a living museum of natural
beauty and culture. The number of tourists are not that much
compared to the central and eastern regions of Nepal. However,
tourism have been helping to improve the lifestyle of the local
people through support of education and health.
Shree Janajagriti Secondary School of Machhakhola is one the
school of Dharche Rural Muicipality that has been receiving
tremendous support from tourism. The school have got direct
support from an international association called, ‘Les Amis De
Laprak’ which was established by two French people,
‘Jacqueline and Michel Touya’ with the aim to help the people
of Dharche regions especially in the education sector. These two
people were a friend of Mr. Sunar Gurung, a local of Laprak, a
neighboring village of Machhakhola. He is an entrepreneur in
the field of tourism and looks all the works of this INGO in
Nepal.
Since 2068 B.S, Les Amis De Laprak have been providing
dresses, school bags and study materials to the whole students of
Shree Janajagriti Secondary School. In 2071 B.S, the association
built a 1 storey building of 7 rooms at a cost of Rs. 20, 00,000
for Shree Janjagriti Secondary School. Since then, they have
provided 3 extra teachers with salaries of Rs. 5, 85,000 yearly.
The association have been providing school materials as well.
 19
And the association is planning to increase the support for the
school in the coming years.

The school have been receiving support directly from tourists as

well. According to the headmaster of the school, Mr. Suryaman
Gurung, around 6/7 groups of tourist trekking the Manaslu
region through the Machhakhola area have donated teaching and
study materials every year since 2011. The helping groups were
mostly brought and recommended by trekking guides of the
Dharche region. According to Mr. Suryaman Gurung, few others
association related to tourism has also shown interest in helping
the school and sponsor needy childrens with their studies.

Unit 5: CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1: Conclusions
Tourism have provided jobs and uplifted the living standards of
the local rural people of these areas. It has helped in many rural
areas where even government have not been able to reach out
properly. For example, the Everest region have good education
and health facilities. After summiting Mt. Everest in 1955 along
with Tenzin Norgay Sherpa, Edmund Hillary built schools,
health posts and hospitals there as a tribute to the local people.

20
Since then, the local people of the region have been receiving
help from NGO’s and INGO’s established by people from the
tourism field. We can see that the education sector has improved
quite a lot, thanks to the tourism.
However, the beautiful regions of Gorkha like the Dharche
Municipality and its wards like Machhakhola have not been able
to receive the same kind of benefits from tourism like of the
other mentioned places. The Machhakhola is a gateway to the
world’s 8th highest peak, Mt. Manaslu (8163 M). Climbing
expeditions of Manaslu and its surrounding peaks and the treks
around it all starts from Machhakhola.
For Machhakhola to receive well number of tourists, overall the
trekking regions of the northern Gorkha needs to be developed
as a tourist hotspot. Therefore, concerned authorities tourism
needs immediately focus their attention to explore immense
tourist resources of this area.

5.2: Recommendations
Tourism plays a vital role in the socio-economic development
and the permanent sources of foreign currency earnings for the
country as well as for the people residing in the Dharche area.
To improve the education sector via tourism, first the flow of
tourist should be increased.

21
As Machhakhola is a starting and ending point of many treks of
Northern Gorkha and Dharche region, the overall region of
Northen Gorkha and Dharche should be promoted by
government and private sectors to increase the number of
tourists. And as a result, Machhakhola can receive support from
tourism in building infrastructures of development especially the
education sector.
The following recommendations can be given in order to
promote further tourism development.
-The facilities available in hotels like accommodation capacity;
restaurant facilities and bar should be addressed.
-The guide service in every hotel should be improved by hiring
trained people or experts in the field of tourism. The employer
should be provided on the job training that covers history,
culture, and economic situation of local and national level.
-The encouraging tourist package should be developed and
trekking service around the area should be improved.
-Various things like natural beauty, sightseeing places, historical
monuments, ancient temple, etc. attracts tourists in Nepal. So,
the government should preserve and keep such attractions.
Programmes should be made to connect all interesting places by
the roadways and airways.
-There are few hotels, due to this reason, tourists do not like to
stay in the Hotel.

22
REFERENCES
-TUCL Digital Repository
-www.kathmandupost.com
-Berger V (1978)-The Economic Impact of Tourism in Nepal:
--An Input-Output Analysis
-http://www.dharchemun.gov.np/
-Bhatia, A. K. (2000). Tourism Development Principle and
Practices. New Delhi: Sterling Publication
-Wikipedia – Tourism in Nepal
-https://www.tourismdepartment.gov.np/

ANNEX – (I) Questionnaire for Local People

Name: …………………... Occupation: ………………..
Education: ……………… Religion: …………………...
Caste: …………………...

1. How do you think about the inflow of tourists before five

years and now?
a) More than before ( ) b) Less than before ( )
c) As it is ( ) c) No idea ( )

2. What are the positive things caused by tourism industry in

society?
a) Sanitation ( ) b) Self-confidence ( ) c) Education ( )
d) Life style ( )

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3. How do you think that the tourism industry is responsible to
change the economic condition of local resident of
Machhakhola?
a) Somehow better ( ) b) Employment ( )
c) Purchasing Power ( ) d) Living standard ( )

4. What do you think about tourism?

a) Necessary ( ) b) Not necessary ( ) c) No idea ( )
d) Medium of foreign currency earning ( )

5. Do you think that tourism brings positive change in education

in Machhakhola?
a) Yes ( ) b) No ( )

6. In your opinion, what are the responsible factors for the

development of tourism industry?
a) Construction of luxurious hotels ( ) b) Trekking Route ( )
c) Access of transportation facilities to other places ( )
d) Others ( )

7. What is your attitude towards the Tourism?

a) Very Positive ( ) b) Positive ( ) c) Negative ( )

8. Do you think that inflow of tourists have been increasing in

the past years?
a) Yes ( ) b) No ( ) c) No Idea ( )
 24

9. What kinds of changes do you noticed with the increase in

number of tourists visiting this place?
a) Dirtier ( ) b) Become Independent ( )
c) Creation of job opportunities ( )
d) Enlargement of market ( )

10. What is the type of your house?

a) Old ( ) b) Moderate ( ) c) Modern ( )

11. What do you think are the reasons for problems of Tourism
in Machhakhola and in overall the whole Northern Gorkha?
a) Difficult Travel Route ( )
b) In adequate promotion and Advertisement ( )
c) Political Instability ( )
(d) Lack of electricity and internet ( )

12. What can be done to develop the Tourism in Machhakhola

and in overall the whole Northern Gorkha?
a) Promotion and Advertising ( )
b) Develop Trekking Route ( )
c) Improve Hotels and Facilities ( )
 25
ANNEX – (II) Questionnaire for the school staffs of
Shree Janajagriti Secondary School
Name: …………………... Occupation: ………………..
Education: ……………… Religion: …………………...
Caste: …………………...

1. When was the school established? ..............................

2. Was it established by the government, by private

organizations or by the locals? ............................

3. How many classes are there and till which level the school
provides education? ....................................

4. How many students are there in your school? ………………..

5. How many staffs are there in your school? ...............................

6. Are they all posted by government? .........................................

7. How much help does the government provides

annually? .......................................

8. How much have tourism helped the school till

now? .......................................
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9. When did the association, ‘Les Amis de Laprak’ started
helping your school? .......................................

10. How have they helped you to improve the school in overall?
……………………

11. What are the types of support and help they provide to your
school? …………………….

12. How many storey building and rooms did they built and
when was it? ...............................

13. To how many teachers are they providing

salaries? .....................

14. What are they help they provide to the students annually?
......................................

15. Do they provide school dress, study and writing materials to

all the student? ......................................

16. Are they planning to increase the support for you schools in
the future? ........................
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17. Are there any other tourism related association beside Les
Amis de Laprak that are contributing to the education sector of
your village? .......................

18. How many tourists have helped your school on their own?
……………………..

19. How many students have they sponsored till now? …………

20. What can be done to develop the Tourism in Machhakhola

and in overall the whole Northern Gorkha to uplift people’s life
so that they can send their children to school?
a) Promotion and Advertising ( )
b) Develop Trekking Route ( )
c) Improve Hotels and Facilities ( )
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