AOD Sheet

Best Approach
Application of Derivative
(Tangent & Normal
Monotonocity
Maxima-Minima)
(Sheet)
By Mathematics Wizard
Manoj Chauhan Sir (IIT Delhi)
No. 1 Faculty of Unacademy,
Exp. More than 13 Years in
Top Most Coachings of Kota
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Application of Derivative
TANGENT & NORMAL
THINGS TO REMEMBER :
I The value of the derivative at P (x1 , y1) gives the
slope of the tangent to the curve at P. Symbolically
dy 
f (x1) =  = Slope of tangent at
dx  x
1 y1
P (x1 y1) = m (say).
II Equation of tangent at (x1, y1) is ;
dy 
y  y1 =  (x  x1).
dx  x
1 y1
III Equation of normal at (x1, y1) is ;
1
y  y1 =  (x  x1).
dy
d x  x
1 y1
NOTE :
1. The point P (x1 , y1) will satisfy the equation of the curve & the equation of tangent & normal line.
2. If the tangent at any point P on the curve is parallel to the axis of x then dy/dx = 0 at the point P.
3. If the tangent at any point on the curve is parallel to the axis of y, then dy/dx =  or dx/dy = 0.
4. If the tangent at any point on the curve is equally inclined to both the axes then dy/dx = ± 1.
5. If the tangent at any point makes equal intercept on the coordinate axes then dy/dx = – 1.
6. Tangent to a curve at the point P (x1, y1) can be drawn even through dy/dx at P does not exist.
e.g. x = 0 is a tangent to y = x2/3 at (0, 0).
7. If a curve passing through the origin be given by a rational integral algebraic equation, the equation of the
tangent (or tangents) at the origin is obtained by equating to zero the terms of the lowest degree in the equation.
e.g. If the equation of a curve be x2 – y2 + x3 + 3 x2 y  y3 = 0, the tangents at the origin are given by
x2 – y2 = 0 i.e. x + y = 0 and x  y = 0.
IV Angle of intersection between two curves is defined as the angle between the 2 tangents drawn to the
2 curves at their point of intersection. If the angle between two curves is 90° every where then they are
called ORTHOGONAL curves.
y1 1  f ( x1 )2 y1
V (a) Length of the tangent (PT) = (b) Length of Subtangent (MT) =
f ( x1 ) f ( x1 )
(c) Length of Normal (PN) = y1 1  f ( x1 )2 (d) Length of Subnormal (MN) = y1 f ' (x1)

VI DIFFERENTIALS :
The differential of a function is equal to its derivative multiplied by the differential of the independent
variable. Thus if, y = tan x then dy = sec2 x dx.
In general dy = f  (x) d x.
Note that : d (c) = 0 where 'c' is a constant.
d (u + v  w) = du + dv  dw d (u v) = u d v + v d u
Note :
1. For the independent variable 'x' , increment  x and differential d x are equal but this is not the case with
the dependent variable 'y' i.e.  y  d y.
dy
2. The relation d y = f  (x) d x can be written as = f  (x) ; thus the quotient of the differentials of 'y' and
dx
'x' is equal to the derivative of 'y' w.r.t. 'x'.
Get 10% Instant Discount On Unacademy Plus [Use Referral Code: MCSIR] 2
SOLVED EXAMPLES

Ex. 1. The slope of the tangent of the loucs y = cos–1 (cos x) at x =  is
4
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) –1

Sol. (D) If  < x < 0 then y = cos–1 (cos x) = cos–1 {cos (–x)} = – x.
2
dy dy 
  1    1
dx dx  x  / 4
Ex. 2. The equation of a curve is given by x =et sin t, y = et cos t. The inclination of the tangent to the curve at

the point t = is
4
  
(A) (B) (C) (D) 0
4 3 2
t
dy dy / dt e  cos t  sin t 
Sol.   t
dx dx / dt e  sin t  cos t 
1 1

dy  2 2 0
  
dx  t  / 4 1 1

2 2
c
Ex.3 If the line joining the points (0, 3) and (5, –2) is a tangent to the curve y = then the value of c is
x 1
(A) 1 (B) –2 (C) 4 (D) None of these
3 2
Sol. (C) The equation of the line is y – 3 = (x – 0), i.e., x + y – 3 = 0
05
c dy c
y =  
x 1 dx  x  12
Let the line touches the curve at ()
dy  c c
 – 3 = 0,   2
 1 and  =
 1
dx  ,    1
c
 2
1
c / 
or 2 = c or (3 –)2 = c = ( + 1)2
 3 – = (+ 1 ) or 3 – = 
 3 –  = (+ 1) or 3 – = + 1
 So, c = (1 + 1)2 = 4
Ex.4 A balloon is pumped at the rate of 'a' the rate of 'a' cm3/minute. The rate of increase of its surface area
when the radius in 'b' cm, is
2a 2 a 2a 2
(A) cm2/min (B) cm2/min (C) cm /min (D) None of these
b4 2b b
4 
d  r 3 
dV 3   4r 2 dr dr a
Sol. (C)   = a (given)  
dt dt dt dt 4r 2
dS d  4r 
2
dr a 2a dS  2a
  8r.  8r. 2
   
dt dt dt 4r r dt rb b
Ex. 5 If xy = a2 and S = b2x + c2y where a, b and c are constants then the minimum value of S is
(A) abc (B) bc a (C) 2abc (D) none of these
c 2a 2
Sol. (C) S = b2x +
x
dS 2 c2a 2 ca
  b  2 = 0  x = 
dx x b
d 2S 1 d 2S 
 2c 2a 2 . 3   0
dx 2
x dx 2  x ca / b
ca c2a 2
 min S = b2 .  = 2abc
b ca
b
x x
Ex.6 The maximum value of f (x) = 3 cos2x + 4 sin2x + cos + sin is
2 2
(A) 4 (B) 3  2 (C) 4  2 (D) None of these
x x 1  x x
Sol. (C) f(x) = 4 – cos2x + cos + sin  f ' (x) = sin 2x –  sin  cos 
2 2 2 2 2
 2x 2 x 1 x x  x x   x x  1
= 2sin x.  cos  sin    cos  sin    cos  sin  2sin x  cos  sin   
 2 2  2 2 2  2 2   2 2  2
 x x   x   1
=  cos  sin  2 2 sin x.sin       f ' (x) = 0
 2 2   2 4  2
x x  
 cos  sin  0  x   f    4 2
2 2 2 2
Ex.7 If f(x) = a loge |x| + bx2+ x has extremums at x = 1 and x = 3 then
3 1 3 1 3 1
(A) a   , b   (B) a   , b   (C) a   , b  (D) None of these
4 8 4 8 4 8
Sol. (A) Around x = 1, 3 we have |x| = x.
f (x) = a logex + bx2 + x
a
f '(x) = + 2bx + 1
x
From the question, f '(1) = 0 f '(3) = 0
a 3 1
 a + 2b + 1 = 0, + 6b + 1 = 0 a = – , b = –
3 4 8
Ex 8. Let f(x) = 1 + 2x2 + 22x4 + ..... + 210x20. Then f(x) has
(A) more than one minimum (B) exactly one minimum
(C) at least one maximum (C) none of these
Sol. (B) f ' (x) = x (4 + 4.2 .x + ...... + 20.2 .x18)
2 2 10
 f ' (x) = 0 x = 0 only
also , f '' (0) > 0
Ex.9 Let the function f(x) be defined as below
f(x) = sin–1 + x2, 0 < x < 1
f(x) = 2x, x 1
f(x) can have a minimum at x = 1 if the value of  is
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) none of these
f 1  h   f 1 2 1  h   2
Sol. (D) lim  lim  lim 2 = 2.
h 0 h h 0 h h 0
2
f 1  h   f 1 sin 1   1  h   2 sin 1   1  2h  h 2
lim  lim  lim = 2 if sin–= 1
h 0 h h  0 h h  0 h
 f (x) is differentiable at x = 1 if = sin 1. Then
f ' (x) = 2x, 0 < x < 1 and f ' (x) = 2, x 1
 f ' (1 –) = 2 (1 –) > 0 and f ' (1 + ) = 2 > 0.
So, f(x) does not have a maximum or a minimum at x = 1.

Ex.10 Find the equations of the tangent and normal to the curve x = a sin 3t, y = cos 2t at t = .
4
Sol. We have
dx
x = sin 3t  = 3 cos 3t
dt
dy dy  dy / dt  2sin 2t
and y = cos 2t  = –2 sin 2t   
dt dt  dx / dt  3cos3t
 
2sin  2  
 dy   4  2sin   / 2  2 2
  dx     
t    3cos   / 4  3
4 3cos  3  
 4
  1 
when t = point of contact is P  ,0 
4  2 
Equation of the tangent at the point P is given by 2 2x  3y  2  0
Equation of the normal at the point P is given by
y0 3
  3 2x  4y  3  0
1 2 2
x
2
Ex.11 The function f(x) = 1 + x (sin x) [cos x], 0 < x /2
(A) is continuous on (0, /2) (B) is strictly decreasing in (0, /2)
(C) is strictly increasing in (0,/2) (D) has global maximum value 2
Sol. (A) For 0 < x  [cos x] = 0.
Hence f(x) = 1 for all x (0, /2]. Trivially f(x) is continous on (0,).
This functions is neither strictly increasing nor strictly decreasing and its global maximum is 1.
Ex.12 Let f be an increasing function on [a, b] and g be a decreasing function from [a, b] to [a, b], then
(A) f o g is a decreasing function (B) g o f is an increasing function
(C) f o g is an increasing function (D) none of these
Sol. (A) For x1 < x2, x1, x2  [a, b], since g is decreasing so g(x1) > g (x2)
 f(g(x1)) > f (g(x2)) i.e. f o g is decreasing function on [a, b].
Similarly g o f is also decreasing function
Ex.13 The equation x4 – 7x + 2 = 0 has
(A) exactly two real and distinct solutions (B) has four real roots
(C) no real root (D) all the four roots lie between 0 and 2
4
Sol. (A) Let f(x) = x – 7x + 2. Since f (0) = 2, f (1) = – 4 and f(2) = 4
so by intermediate value theorem there is x1  (0, 1) and x2 (1, 2) such that f(x1) = f(x2) = 0.
Also f '(x) = 4x3 – 7, so f(x) decreases for x < (7/4)1/3 and increases for x > (7/4)1/3 and 1 < (7/4)1/3 <2
Thus f (x) cannot be zero at any other point.
Ex.14 If f(x) = x2/3 then
(A) (0, 0) is a point of maximum (B) (0, 0) is not a point of minimum
(C) (0, 0) is a critical point (D) There is no critical point
dy 2 1/ 3
Sol. (C)  x . This derivative is never zero, but there is no derivative for x = 0.
dx 3
So (0, 0) is a critical point.
dy dy
If x < 0 then < 0 and if x > 0 then > 0. Thus (0, 0) is a point of minimum.
dx dx
Ex.15 Let f (x) = (x – 4) (x – 5) (x – 6) (x – 7) then
(A) f '(x) = 0 has four real roots
(B) three roots of f ' (x) = 0 lie in (4, 5) (5, 6) (6, 7)
(C) the equation f '(x) = 0 has only two roots
(D) three roots of f ' (x) = 0 lie in (3, 4) (4, 5) (5, 6)
Sol. (B) Since f(4) = f(5) = f(6) = f(7) = 0, so by Rolle's theorem applied to the intervals [4, 5], [5, 6], [6, 7]
there exist x1 (4, 5), x2 ( 5, 6), x3 ( 6, 7) such that f '(x1) = f ' (x2) = f ' (x3) = 0.
Since f ' is a polynomial of degree 3 so cannot have four roots.
Ex.16 If the curves y2 = 6x, 9x2 + by2 = 16, cut each other at right angles then the value of b is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 9/2 (D) None of these
Sol. (C) The intersection of the two curves is given by 9x2 + 6bx – 16 = 0 ...... (i)
dy 3
Differentiating y2 = 6x, we have  .
dx y
dy 9x
Differentiating 9x2 + by2 = 16, we have 
dx by
3  9x 
For curves to intersect at right angles, we must have at the points of intersection   = –1
y  by 
27x = by2
Thus we must have
9x2 + by2 = 16  9x2 + 27x – 16 = 0 ..... (ii)
(i) and (ii) must be identical so 27 = 6b 9/2.
Ex.17 For the parabola y2 = 16x, the ratio of the length of the subtangent to the abscissa is
(A) 2 :1 (B) 1 : 1 (C) x : y (D) x2 : y
dy dy 8 dx y 2 16x
Sol. (A) Differentiating, 2y = 16 so = . Thus the length of the subtangent is y. .    2x .
dx dx y dy 8 8
Hence length of the subtangent : abscissa = 2x : x = 2 : 1
Ex.18 If the tangent to the curve 2y3 = ax2 + x3 at the point (a, a) cuts off intercepts and on the coordinate
axes, where then the value of |a| is
(a) 16 (b) 28 (C) 30 (D) 31
Sol. (C) The slope of the tangent is
dy 2ax  3x 2

dx 6y 2
and the value of this slope at (a, a) is 5/6 . Therefore, the equation
5 x y
y – a = x  a    1 ,
6 a / 5 a / 6
represents the tangent. Thus the x-intercept is – a/5, and the y-intercept is a/6.
From = 61 ,we now get
a2 a2
  61  a2 = 25 × 36 |a| = 30
25 36
Ex.19 Let g (x) = (log (1 + x))–1 – x–1 , x > 0 then
(A) 1 < g (x) < 2 (B) –1 < g(x) < 0 (C) 0 < g(x) < 1 (D) none of these
Sol. (C) For x > 0, consider the function f(x) = log (1 + x) on the interval [0, x]. Since the function is
differetiable on (0, x), by Lagrange's theorem , there, is a (0, x) such that
log 1  x   log 1  0  1
 f ' 
x 0 1 
log 1  x  1
  1
x 1 
 log (1 + x) < x  g (x) > 0
1 1
Also (0, x)  x  
1  1 x
log 1  x  1 x
   log ( 1 + x) >  g(x) < 1.
x 1 x 1 x
Ex.20 A stone is droped into a quiet lake and the waves move in circles . If the radius of a circular wave
increases at the rate of 4 cm/sec, Find the rate of increase in its area at instant when its radius is 10 cm.
Sol. At any instant t, let the radius of the circle be r cm and its area be A cm2. Then
dr
= 4cm/ sec (given) ..... (i)
dt
dA  dA dr 
Now, A = r2   . 
dt  dr dt 
d  dr 
=
dr
 r 2  4   A  r and dt  4  = (2r × 4) cm /sec = (8r) cm /sec
2 2 2
 dA  2 2
  dt  = (8× 10) cm /sec = (80) cm /sec
r 10
Hence, the area of the circle is increasing at the rate of (80) cm2/sec at the instant when r = 10 cm.
Ex.21 A particie moves along the curve 6y = x3 + 2. Find the points on the curve at which y-ccordinate is
changing 8 times as fast as the x-ccordinate
Sol. Let the required point be (x, y).
dy dx
Given : 8 ..... (i)
dt dt
Given curve is 6y = x3 + 2 ..... (ii)
On differentiating both sides of (ii) w.r.t t, we get
dy dx
6  3x 2
dt dt
 dx  dx
 6  8   3x 2 [Using (i)]
 dt  dt
 3x2 = 48
 x2 = 16
 x = 4
Putting x = 4 in (ii) we get y = 11
62 31
Putting x = – 4 in (ii) we get y = 
6 3
 31 
Hence, the required points are (4, 11) and  4, .
 3 
Ex.22 If in a triangle ABC, the side 'c' and the angle C remain constant while the remaining elements are
da db
changed slightly, show that  0
cos A cos B
c
Sol. As given,we have  k (constant)
sin C
a b
  k  a = k sin A and b = k sin B
sin A sin B
 da = k cos A. dA and db = k cos B. dB
da db
or  = k(dA + dB) = kd (A + B) = kd (– C) = 0
cos A cos B
da db
Hence,  0
cos A cos B
sin x
Ex.23 Verify Rolle's theorem for the following function f(x) = in 0 x 
ex
sin x
Sol. Consider f (x) = in [0,]
ex
Since ex 0 for any x [0,] and f(x) is the quotient of two continuous functions, it follows that f(x) is
continuous on [0,]
e x cos x  e x sin x  cos x  sin x 
Also , f ' (x) =  , which clearly exists for all x  (0,)
e 2x ex
So, f (x) is differentiable on (0,). Also, f(0) = f () = 0
So, all the conditions of Roll's theorem are satisfied
 There must exist c (0,) such that f ' (c) = 0
 cos c  sin c   0
Now, f '(c) = 0 
ec

 cos c – sin c = 0  sin c = cos c  c =
4

Thus, c = ( 0,) such thaty f ' (c) = 0
4
Hence, Rolle's theorem is verified
Ex.24 Find a point on the parabola y = (x – 3)2 , where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining (3, 0) and (4, 1).
Sol. Let us apply Lagrange's mean-value theorem for the function
f(x) = (x – 3)2 in the interval [3, 4].
Now, f (x) being a polynomial function, it is continuous on [3, 4]
Also f ' (x) = 2(x – 3) , which exist for all x (3, 4)
So, f '(x) is differentiable on (3, 4).
Thus, both the conditions of Lagrange's mean-value theorem are satisfied
So, there must exist a point c (3, 4) such that
f  4   f  3
f ' (c) = 1
 4  3
7
Now f '(c) = 1  2(c – 3) = 1  c (3, 4)
3
7 1
Now, x = and y = (x – 3)2  y = .
2 4
7 1
Thus, at the point  ,  on the given curve the tangent is parallel to the chord joining (3, 0) and (4, 1).
2 4
Ex.25 Find the points of local maxima and local minima as well as the corresponding local maximum and loocal
minimum values for the function f(x) = (x – 1)3 (x + 1)2
Sol. f (x) = (x – 1)3 ( x + 1)2
 f ' (x) = 2 (x – 1)3 (x + 1) + 3(x – 1)2 (x + 1)2 = (x – 1)2 (x + 1) (5x + 1).
 f ' (x) = 0
 (x – 1)2 (x + 1) (5x + 1) = 0
 Consider x = 1.
When x is slightly less than 1 clearly f ' (x) is + ve . when x is slightly greater than 1, then clearly f ' (x) is
+ve. Thus , f ' (x) does not change sign as x passes through 1.
So, x = 1 is neither a point of maximum nor a point of minimum.
consider x = – 1.
When x is slightly less than – 1 then f ' (x) = (+) (–) (–) = + ve.
When x is slightly greater than –1 then f' (x) = (+) (+) (–) = – ve.
Thus, f ' (x) changes sign from + ve to – ve as x passes through –1
So, x = –1 is a point of local maximum.
Local maximum value = f(–1) = (–2)3 (–1 + 1)2 = 0
1
Consider x = –
5
1
When x is slightly less than – then f ' (x) = (+) (+) (–) = – ve
5
1
When x is slightly greater than – then f ' (x) = (+) (+) (+) = + ve
5
1
Thus, f ' (x) changes sign from –ve to + ve as x passes through –
5
1
So, x = – is a point of local minimum
5
 1  3456
Local miniumum value = f    
 5  3125
Ex.26 Find the maximum and minimum values of (x + sin 2x) on {0, 2}.
Sol. Let f(x) = (x + sin 2x)
Then, f ' (x) = (1 + 2 cos 2x) and f '' (x) = – 4 sin 2x.
1
Now, f ' (x) = 0  cos 2x =  , where x [0, 2]
2
2 4
 2x  or 2x   x = (/3) or x = (2/3)
3 3
  2  
f''   = – 4 sin   = – 4 sin = 2 3  0
3  3  3
 x = (/3) is a point of local maxima.
 2  3 3
Now, f    , f(0) = 0 and f(2) =2 .
3 6
 Maximum value of f(x) is 2at x = 2.
Again, we consider the point x = (2/3)
 2   2  4  
f     4sin  2    4sin  4sin  4sin  2 3  0
 3   3  3 3 3
2
So, x  is a point of local minima
3
 2   2  4 2  4  3 3
Now, f       sin   sin  ; f (0) = 0 and f(2) + sin 4= 2
 3   3  3 3 3 6
 The minimum value of f(x) is 0 at x = 0
Ex.27 Two sides of a triangle are given. Find the angle between them such that the area is maximum.
Sol. Let a and be the lengths of the given sides and let  be the angle between them. Let A be the area of the
triangle
1 dA 1 d 2A 1
Then, A = ab sin   ab cos and 2   ab sin
2 d 2 d 2
dA 1 
Now, 0  ab cos = 0  cos = 0 =
d 2 2
 d 2A  1  1
And  2    ab sin   ab  0
 d    / 2  2 2 2

 = is a point of maximum.
2
Hence, the area of the triangle is maximum when the angle between the given sides is (/2)

B C
a
Ex.28 Find the intervals on which the function f(x) = (x + 2) e–x is
(A) increasing (B) decreasing
Sol. f(x) = (x + 2) e –x
 f '(x) = – (x + 2)e–x + e–x 1.
 f ' (x) = – (x + 1) e–x ..... (1)
(a) f (x) is increasing
 f ' (x) 0
 – (x + 1)e–x 0 [From (i)]
 (x + 1) e–x 0
 (x + 1) 0 [ e–x >0]
 x – 1
 x ( – , –1]
 f(x) is increasing on (– ,–1]
(b) f(x) is decreasing
 f ' (x) 0
 – (x + 1)e–x 0 [From (i)]
 –x
(x + 1)e  0 [e–x > 0]
 x – 1
 f(x) is decreasing on [–1, ).
Hence, f(x) is increasing on (–,–1] and decreasing on [–1, )
x
Ex.29 Prove that < log(1 + x) < x for x > 0
1  x 
x
Sol. Let f(x) = log (1 + x) –
1  x 
 1 1 x  x
Then, f ' (x) =    2
 2
> 0 for x > 0
1 x 1 x 1 x  1 x
Since f '(x) > 0 for all x > 0 and f ' (0) = 0, it follows that f(x) is increasing on [0, ).
Now, x > 0
 f(x) > f(0)  f(x) > 0 [ f(0) = 0]
 x  x
 log 1  x   0  log (1 + x) > ..... (i)
 1  x   1  x 
Again, let g (x) = [x – log (1 + x)]
 1  x
Then, g' (x) = 1    0 for x > 0
 1  x   1  x 
Now, g' (x) > 0 for all x > 0 and g' (0) = 0
 g(x) is strictly increasing on [0, )
Also g(0) = 0
Now, x > 0
 g (x) > g (0)  g(x) > 0 [g (0) = 0]
 [x – log (1 + x)] > 0  x > log (1 + x) ..... (ii)
x
From (i) and (ii) we get < log (1 + x) < x for x > 0.
1  x 
n n
x y x y
Ex.30 Prove that the curve      = 2 touches the straight line   2 at the point (a, b) whatever
a b a b
be the value of n.
n n
x y
Sol. The equation of the curve is       2
a b
n 1 n 1
x 1 y 1 dy
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get n.   .  n  . . 0
a a b b dx
nx n 1 ny n 1 dy dy b n x n1  dy  b n a n 1 b
  n . 0    n n 1     n n 1  
an b dx dx a y  dx  a,b  a b a
y  b b
So, the equation of the tangent at (a, b) is  ,
xa a
i.e., ay + bx = 2ab.
x y
   2  which is independent on n.
a b
Ex.31 Let f(x) = 2x +   t  cos t  dt + 2 be a function then find the equation of tangent and normal at x = 0.

2 2
Sol. f(x) = 2x +   t 2  cos t 2  dt + 2

0
f (0) = 2
f ' (x) = 2 + x2 + cos x2
 slope of tangent at x = 0 is m = 2
equation of tangent is given by
(y – 2) = 2(x – 0) 2x – y + 2 = 0
1
slope of normal at x = 0 is 
2
equation of normal at x = 0 is given by
1
(y – 2) =  (x – 0) x + 2y = 4
2
1
Ex.32 Let y (x) be a twice differentiable function such that f(0) = –2, f '(0)= –2, f(1) = 1 and f ' (1) =  then
2
prove that the equation f(x) f '(x) + f '' (x) = 0 has at least one real root in (0, 1).
Sol. Let g(x) = f(x).f '(x) + f '' (x)) is a function.
2
f  x   f ' x 
 g(x) =
2
g(x) is continuous is [0, 1]
g(x) is differentiable in (0, 1) and g(0) = g(1)
then according to rolle's theorm
g'(x) = 0 has at least one real root in (0, 1)
f ' (x) f(x) + f '' (x) has at least one real root in (0, 1)
 
Ex.33 Prove that x3 – cos2x + 1 0 x  0, 
 2
Sol. Let f(x) = x3 – cos2x + 1
 f ' (x) = 3x2 + 2 cos2x
 
f ' (x) 0 x  0, 
 2
 
 f(x) is an increasing function in 0, 
 2
x3 – cos2x + 1  0
Ex.34 Let y = f(x) be a differentiable function such that f(1) = f(3) = 0 then prove that the equation f '(x) = 5f(x)
has at least one real root in (1, 3)
Sol. Let, g(x) = f(x)e–5x be a function
g(x) is continuous in [1, 3]
g(x) is differentiable in (1, 3)
g(1) = g(3) = 0
then according to Rolle's theorm
g'(x) = 0 has a root in (1, 3)
e–5x (f '(x) – 5f(x)) = 0 has a root in (1, 3)
f ' (x) = 5f(x) has a root in (1, 3)
(e–5x )
EXERCISE–I
Q.1 Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = (1 + x)y + sin1 (sin2x) at x = 0.
Q.2 Find the equations of the tangents drawn to the curve y2 – 2x3 – 4y + 8 = 0 from the point (1, 2).
Q.3 Find the point of intersection of the tangents drawn to the curve x2y = 1 – y at the points where it is
intersected by the curve xy = 1 – y.
Q.4 Find all the lines that pass through the point (1, 1) and are tangent to the curve represented parametrically
as x = 2t – t2 and y = t + t2.
7
Q.5 The tangent to y = ax2 + bx + at (1, 2) is parallel to the normal at the point (–2, 2) on the curve
2
2
y = x + 6x + 10. Find the value of a and b.
Q.6 A straight line is drawn through the origin and parallel to the tangent to a curve
 a  a 2  y2 
x  a 2  y2  
= ln   at an arbitary point M. Show that the locus of the point P of
a y
 
intersection of the straight line through the origin & the straight line parallel to the x-axis & passing
through the point M is x2 + y2 = a2.
41x 3
Q.7 A line is tangent to the curve f (x) = at the point P in the first quadrant, and has a slope of 2009.
3
This line intersects the y-axis at (0, b). Find the value of 'b'.
Q.8 A function is defined parametrically by the equations
1 1
 2t  t 2 sin if t  0  sin t 2 if t  0
f(t) = x =  t and g(t) = y =  t
 0 if t  0  o if t  0
Find the equation of the tangent and normal at the point for t = 0 if exist.
Q.9 Find all the tangents to the curve y = cos (x + y),  2  x  2, that are parallel to the line x + 2y = 0.
Q.10 Prove that the segment of the normal to the curve x = 2a sin t + a sin t cos2t ; y =  a cos3t contained
between the co-ordinate axes is equal to 2a.
Q.11 Show that the normals to the curve x = a (cos t + t sin t) ; y = a (sin t  t cos t) are tangent lines to the
circle x2 + y2 = a2.
1
Q.12 The chord of the parabola y =  a2x2 + 5ax  4 touches the curve y = at the point x = 2 and is
1 x
bisected by that point. Find 'a'.
Q.13 If the tangent at the point (x1, y1) to the curve x3 + y3 = a3 (a  0) meets the curve again in (x2, y2) then
x y
show that 2  2 =  1.
x1 y1
1
Q.14 Determine a differentiable function y = f (x) which satisfies f ' (x) = [f(x)]2 and f (0) = – . Find also the
2
equation of the tangent at the point where the curve crosses the y-axis.
Q.15 Tangent at a point P1 [other than (0 , 0)] on the curve y = x3 meets the curve again at P2. The tangent at
P2 meets the curve at P3 & so on. Show that the abscissae of P1, P2, P3, ......... Pn, form a GP. Also find
area ( P1 P2 P3 )
the ratio .
area ( P2 P3 P4 )
Q.16 The curve y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + 5 , touches the x - axis at P ( 2 , 0) & cuts the y-axis at a point Q where
its gradient is 3. Find a , b , c.
Q.17 The tangent at a variable point P of the curve y = x2  x3 meets it again at Q. Show that the locus of the
middle point of PQ is y = 1  9x + 28x2  28x3.
Q.18 Show that the distance from the origin of the normal at any point of the curve
     
x = a e  sin  2 cos  & y = a e  cos  2 sin  is twice the distance of the tangent at the point
 2 2  2 2
from the origin.
Q.19 Show that the condition that the curves x2/3 + y2/3 = c2/3 & (x2/a2) + (y2/b2) = 1 may touch if c = a + b.
Q.20 The graph of a certain function f contains the point (0, 2) and has the property that for each number 'p'
the line tangent to y = f (x) at p, f (p)  intersect the x-axis at p + 2. Find f (x).
Q.21 A curve is given by the equations x = at2 & y = at3. A variable pair of perpendicular lines through the
origin 'O' meet the curve at P & Q. Show that the locus of the point of intersection of the tangents at P &
Q is 4y2 = 3ax  a2.
Q.22 A and B are points of the parabola y = x2. The tangents at A and B meet at C. The median of the triangle
ABC from C has length 'm' units. Find the area of the triangle in terms of 'm'.
Q.23 (a) Find the value of n so that the subnormal at any point on the curve xyn = an + 1 may be constant.

(b) Show that in the curve y = a. ln (x2  a2), sum of the length of tangent & subtangent varies as the
product of the coordinates of the point of contact.
x2 y2 x2 y2
Q.24(a) Show that the curves 2  = 1 & 2  = 1 intersect orthogonally..
a  K1 b 2  K1 a  K 2 b2  K 2
(b) If the two curves C1 : x = y2 and C2 : xy = k cut at right angles find the value of k.
y
Q.25 Show that the angle between the tangent at any point 'A' of the curve ln (x2 + y2) = C tan–1 and the
x
line joining A to the origin is independent of the position of A on the curve.
EXERCISE–II
RATE MEASURE AND APPROXIMATIONS
Q.1 Water is being poured on to a cylindrical vessel at the rate of 1 m3/min. If the vessel has a circular base
of radius 3 m, find the rate at which the level of water is rising in the vessel.
Q.2 A man 1.5 m tall walks away from a lamp post 4.5 m high at the rate of 4 km/hr.
(i) how fast is the farther end of the shadow moving on the pavement ?
(ii) how fast is his shadow lengthening ?
Q.3 A particle moves along the curve 6 y = x3 + 2. Find the points on the curve at which the y coordinate is
changing 8 times as fast as the x coordinate.
Q.4 An inverted cone has a depth of 10 cm & a base of radius 5 cm. Water is poured into it at the rate of
1.5 cm3/min. Find the rate at which level of water in the cone is rising, when the depth of water is 4 cm.
Q.5 A water tank has the shape of a right circular cone with its vertex down. Its altitude is 10 cm and the
radius of the base is 15 cm. Water leaks out of the bottom at a constant rate of 1cu. cm/sec. Water is
poured into the tank at a constant rate of C cu. cm/sec. Compute C so that the water level will be rising
at the rate of 4 cm/sec at the instant when the water is 2 cm deep.
Q.6 Sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12 cc/sec. The falling sand forms a cone on the ground in such
a way that the height of the cone is always 1/6th of the radius of the base. How fast is the height of the
sand cone increasing when the height is 4 cm.
Q.7 An open Can of oil is accidently dropped into a lake; assume the oil spreads over the surface as a
circular disc of uniform thickness whose radius increases steadily at the rate of 10 cm/sec. At the moment
when the radius is 1 meter, the thickness of the oil slick is decreasing at the rate of 4 mm/sec, how fast is
it decreasing when the radius is 2 meters.
Q.8 Water is dripping out from a conical funnel of semi vertical angle /4, at the uniform rate of 2 cm3/sec
through a tiny hole at the vertex at the bottom. When the slant height of the water is 4 cm, find the rate of
decrease of the slant height of the water.
Q.9 An air force plane is ascending vertically at the rate of 100 km/h. If the radius of the earth is R Km, how
fast the area of the earth, visible from the plane increasing at 3min after it started ascending. Take visible
2
area A = 2R h Where h is the height of the plane in kms above the earth.
Rh
Q.10 A variable  ABC in the xy plane has its orthocentre at vertex 'B' , a fixed vertex 'A' at the origin and the
7x 2
third vertex 'C' restricted to lie on the parabola y = 1 +. The point B starts at the point (0, 1) at time
36
t = 0 and moves upward along the y axis at a constant velocity of 2 cm/sec. How fast is the area of the
7
triangle increasing when t = sec.
2
Q.11 A circular ink blot grows at the rate of 2 cm2 per second. Find the rate at which the radius is increasing
6 22
after 2 seconds. Use  = .
11 7
Q.12 Water is flowing out at the rate of 6 m3/min from a reservoir shaped like a hemispherical bowl of radius
 2
R = 13 m. The volume of water in the hemispherical bowl is given by V = · y (3R  y) when the
3
water is y meter deep. Find
(a) At what rate is the water level changing when the water is 8 m deep.
(b) At what rate is the radius of the water surface changing when the water is 8 m deep.
Q.13 If in a triangle ABC, the side 'c' and the angle 'C' remain constant, while the remaining elements are
da db
changed slightly, show that  = 0.
cos A cos B
Q.14 At time t > 0, the volume of a sphere is increasing at a rate proportional to the reciprocal of its radius. At
t = 0, the radius of the sphere is 1 unit and at t = 15 the radius is 2 units.
(a) Find the radius of the sphere as a function of time t.
(b) At what time t will the volume of the sphere be 27 times its volume at t = 0.
Q.15(i) Use differentials to a approximate the values of ; (a) 36.6 and (b) 3 26 .

(ii) If the radius of a sphere is measured as 9 cm with an error of 0.03 cm, then find the approximate error
in calculating its volume.
EXERCISE–III
Q.1 Find the equation of the straight line which is tangent at one point and normal at another point of the
curve, x = 3t2 , y = 2t3. [ REE 2000 (Mains) 5 out of 100 ]
3
Q.2 If the normal to the curve , y = f (x) at the point (3, 4) makes an angle with the positive x–axis. Then
4
f  (3) =
3 4
(A) – 1 (B) – (C) (D) 1
4 3
[JEE 2000 (Scr.) 1 out of 35 ]
Q.3 The point(s) on the curve y3 + 3x2 = 12y where the tangent is vertical, is(are)
 4   11   4 
(A)   ,  2 (B)   3 , 1 (C) (0, 0) (D)   , 2
 3     3 
[JEE 2002 (Scr.), 3]
Q.4 Tangent to the curve y = x2 + 6 at a point P (1, 7) touches the circle x2 + y2 + 16x + 12y + c = 0 at a point
Q. Then the coordinates of Q are
(A) (– 6, –11) (B) (–9, –13) (C) (– 10, – 15) (D) (–6, –7)
[JEE 2005 (Scr.), 3]
Q.5 The tangent to the curve y = ex drawn at the point (c, ec) intersects the line joining the points
(c – 1, ec – 1) and (c + 1, ec + 1)
(A) on the left of x = c (B) on the right of x = c
(C) at no point (D) at all points [JEE 2007, 3]
x
Q. 6 The intercepts on x-axis made by tangents to the curve, y =  |t| dt, x  R, which are parallel to the line
0
y = 2x, are equal to [JEE Mains 2013]
(A) ± 4 (B) ± 1 (C) ± 2 (D) ± 3
Q. 7 The slope of the tangent to the curve (y – x5)2 = x(1 + x2)2 at the point (1, 3) is [JEE Adv. 2014]
Q. 8 The normal to the curve, x2 + 2xy – 3y2 = 0, at (1, 1) ; [JEE Mains 2015]

(A) meets the curve in the fourth quadrant
(B) does not meet the curve again
(C) meets the curve again in the second quadrant
(D) meets the curve again in the third quadrant
 1  sin x    
Q. 9 Consider : f(x) = tan–1   , x   0,  . A normal to y = f(x) at x = also passes through
 1  sin x   2 6
the point [JEE Mains 2016]
 2     
(A) (0, 0) (B)  0,  (C)  , 0  (D)  , 0 
 3  6  4 
Q. 10 The normal to the curve y(x – 2)(x – 3) = x + 6 at the point where the curve intersects the y–axis passes
through the point : [JEE Mains 2017]
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(A)   ,   (B)  ,  (C)  ,   (D)  , 
 2 2 2 2  2 3  2 3
Q. 11 The radius of a circle, having minimum area, which touches the curve y = 4 – x2 and the lines, y = |x| is
(A) 2  2 1  (B) 2  2 1  (C) 4  2 1  (D) 4  2 1 

[JEE Mains 2017]
2 2 2
Q. 12 If the curves y = 6x, 9x + by = 16 intersect each other at right angles, then the value of b is :
9 7
(A) (B) 6 (C) (D) 4 [JEE Mains 2018]
2 2
Q.13 Let S be the set of all values of x for which the tangent to the curve y = f(x) = x3 – x2 – 2x at (x, y) is
parallel to the line segment joining the points (1, f(1)) and (–1, f(–1)), then S is equal to :
[JEE Mains 2019]
 1  1   1  1 
(A)  3 ,  1 (B)  3 ,  1 (C)  3 ,1 (D)  3 ,1
       
Q.14 If the tangent to the curve, y = x3 + ax – b at the point (1, –5) is perpendicular to the line,
– x + y + 4 = 0, then which one of the following points lies on the curve? [JEE Mains 2019]
(1) (–2, 2) (2) (2, – 2) (3) (2, –1) (4)(–2, 1)
Q.15 The tangent to the curve y = x2 – 5x + 5, parallel to the line 2y = 4x + 1, also passes through the point:
[JEE Mains 2019]
7 1 1   1  1 7
(A)  ,  (B)  , 7  (C)   , 7  (D)  , 
2 4 8   8  4 2
Q.16 The straight line x + 2y = 1 meets the coordinate axes at A and B. A circle is drawn through A, B and the
origin. Then the sum of perpendicular distances from A and B on the tangent to the circle at the origin
is: [JEE Mains 2019]
5 5
(A) (B) 2 5 (C) (D) 4 5
2 4
2
Q.17 The tangent to the curve, y  xe x passing, through the point (1, e) also passes through the point :
[JEE Mains 2019]
4  5 
(A) (2, 3e) (B)  , 2e  (C)  , 2e  (D) (3, 6e)
3  3 
Q.18 If  denotes the acute angle between the curves, y = 10  x2 and y = 2 + x2 at a point of their intersection,
then tan  is equal to
[JEE Mains 2019]
4 8 7 8
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 15 17 17
Q.19 A 2 m ladder leans against a vertical wall. If the top of the ladder begins to slide down the wall at the rate
25 cm/sec., then the rate (in cm/sec.) at which the bottom of the ladder slides away from the wall on the
horizontal ground when the top of the ladder is 1m above the ground is:
[JEE Mains 2019]
25 25
(A) 25 3 (B) 25 (C) (D)
3 3
Q.20 A spherical iron ball of 10 cm radius is coated with a layer of ice of uniform thickness that melts at a rate
of 50 cm3/min. When the thickness of ice is 5 cm, then the rate (in cm/min.) at which of the thickness of
ice decreases, is : [JEE Main 2020]
5 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 54 36 18
Q.21 Let P(h,k) be a point on the curve y = x2 + 7x + 2, nearest to the line, y = 3x – 3. Then the equation of
the normal to the curve at P is: [JEE Main 2020]
(A) x + 3y – 62 = 0 (B) x – 3y – 11 = 0 (C) x – 3y + 22 = 0 (D) x + 3y + 26 = 0
 3
Q.22 If the tangent to the curve y = x + siny at a point (a,b) is parallel to the line joining  0,  and  1 , 2  ,
 2 2 
then: [JEE Main 2020]

(A) b  a (B) |a + b| = 1 (C) |b – a| = 1 (D) b = a
2
Q.23 The equation of the normal to the curve y = (1 + x)2y + cos2 (sin–1 x) at x = 0 is:
[JEE Main 2020]
(A) y + 4x = 2 (B) 2y + x = 4 (C) x + 4y = 8 (D) y = 4x + 2
Q.24 If the tangent to the curve, y = ex at a point (c, eC) and the normal to the parabola, y2 = 4x at the point
(1, 2) intersect at the same point on the x-axis, then the value of c is ____ [JEE Main 2020]
Q.25 If the point P on the curve, 4x2 + 5y2 = 20 is farthest from the point Q(0, –4), then PQ2 is equal to:
[JEE Main 2020]
(A) 48 (B) 29 (C) 21 (D) 36
4 y
Q.26 Which of the following points lies on the tangent to the curve x e  2 y  1  3 at the point (1,0)?
[JEE Main 2020]
(A) (2, 6) (B) (2, 2) (C) (–2, 6) (D) (–2,4)
Q.27 If the tangent to the curve, y = f(x) = xloge x, (x > 0) at a point (c, f(c)) is parallel to the
line-segment joining the points (1,0) and (e,e), then c is equal to: [JEE Main 2020]
 1 
 1 
  e 1 1  
 e 1 
(A) e  1 e  (B) (C) (D) e
e e 1
Q.28 If the surface area of a cube is increasing at a rate of 3.6 cm2/sec, retaining its shape; then the rate of
change of its volume (in cm3/sec), when the lenght of a side of the cube is 10cm, is :
[JEE Main 2020]
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 18 (D) 20
MONOTONOCITY
(Significance of the sign of the first order derivative)
DEFINITIONS :
1. A function f (x) is called an Increasing Function at a point x = a if in a sufficiently small neighbourhood
f (a  h)  f (a ) and 
around x = a we have  increasing;
f (a  h)  f (a )  disregards whether f is
non derivable or even
f (a  h)  f (a ) and  discontinuous at x = a
Similarly decreasing if  decreasing.
f (a  h)  f (a ) 
2. A differentiable function is called increasing in an interval (a, b) if it is increasing at every point within the
interval (but not necessarily at the end points).A function decreasing in an interval (a, b) is similarly
defined.
3. A function which in a given interval is increasing or decreasing is called “Monotonic” in that interval.
4. Tests for increasing and decreasing of a function at a point :
If the derivative f (x) is positive at a point x = a, then the function f (x) at this point is increasing. If it is
negative, then the function is decreasing. Even if f ' (a) is not defined, f can still be increasing or decreasing.
Note : If f (a) = 0, then for x = a the function may be still increasing or it may be decreasing as shown. It has to
be identified by a seperate rule. e.g. f (x) = x3 is increasing at every point.
Note that, dy/dx = 3 x².
5. Tests for Increasing & Decreasing of a function in an interval :

SUFFICIENCY TEST : If the derivative function f (x) in an interval (a , b) is every where positive, then the
function f (x) in this interval is Increasing ;
If f (x) is every where negative, then f (x) is Decreasing.
General Note :
(1) If a continuous function is invertible it has to be either increasing or decreasing.
(2) If a function is continuous the intervals in which it rises and falls may be separated by points at which its
derivative fails to exist.
(3) If f is increasing in [a, b] and is continuous then f (b) is the greatest and f (c) is the least value of f in
[a, b]. Similarly if f is decreasing in [a, b] then f (a) is the greatest value and f (b) is the least value.
6.
(a) ROLLE'S THEOREM :
Let f(x) be a function of x subject to the following conditions :
(i) f(x) is a continuous function of x in the closed interval of a  x  b.
(ii) f  (x) exists for every point in the open interval a < x < b.
(iii) f (a) = f (b).
Then there exists at least one point x = c such that a < c < b where f  (c) = 0.
Note that if f is not continuous in closed [a, b] then it may lead to the adjacent
graph where all the 3 conditions of Rolles will be valid but the assertion will not
be true in (a, b).
(b) LMVT THEOREM :
Let f(x) be a function of x subject to the following conditions :
(i) f(x) is a continuous function of x in the closed interval of a  x  b.
(ii) f  (x) exists for every point in the open interval a < x < b.
(iii) f(a)  f(b).
f (b)  f (a )
Then there exists at least one point x = c such that a < c < b where f  (c) =
ba
Geometrically, the slope of the secant line joining the curve at x = a & x = b is equal to the slope of the
tangent line drawn to the curve at x = c. Note the following :
 Rolles theorem is a special case of LMVT since
f ( b)  f (a )
f (a) = f (b)  f  (c) = = 0.
ba
Note : Now [f (b) – f (a)] is the change in the function f as x changes from a to b so that [f (b) – f (a)] / (b – a)
is the average rate of change of the function over the interval [a, b]. Also f '(c) is the actual rate of
change of the function for x = c. Thus, the theorem states that the average rate of change of a function
over an interval is also the actual rate of change of the function at some point of the interval. In particular,
for instance, the average velocity of a particle over an interval of time is equal to the velocity at some
instant belonging to the interval.
This interpretation of the theorem justifies the name "Mean Value" for the theorem.
(c) APPLICATION OF ROLLES THEOREM FOR ISOLATING THE REAL ROOTS OF AN EQUATION f (x)=0
Suppose a & b are two real numbers such that ;
(i) f(x) & its first derivative f  (x) are continuous for a  x  b.
(ii) f(a) & f(b) have opposite signs.
(iii) f  (x) is different from zero for all values of x between a & b.
Then there is one & only one real root of the equation f(x) = 0 between a & b.
EXERCISE–I
Q.1 Find the intervals of monotonocity for the following functions & represent your solution set on the number line.
2
(a) f(x) = 2. e x 4 x (b) f(x) = ex/x (c) f(x) = x2 ex (d) f (x) = 2x2 – ln | x |
Also plot the graphs in each case & state their range.
Q.2 Let f (x) = 1 – x – x3. Find all real values of x satisfying the inequality, 1 – f (x) – f 3(x) > f (1 – 5x)
Q.3 Find the intervals of monotonocity of the functions in [0, 2]
(a) f (x) = sin x – cos x in x [0 , 2 ] (b) g (x) = 2 sinx + cos 2x in (0  x  2 ).
4 sin x  2x  x cos x
(c) f (x) =
2  cos x
Q.4 Let f (x) be a increasing function defined on (0, ). If f (2a2 + a + 1) > f (3a2 – 4a + 1). Find the range of a.
max {f ( t ) : 0  t  x} , 0  x  1
Q.5 Let f (x) = x3  x2 + x + 1 and g(x) = 
 3 x ,1  x  2
Discuss the conti. & differentiability of g(x) in the interval (0,2).
Q.6 Find the set of all values of the parameter 'a' for which the function,
f(x) = sin 2x – 8(a + 1)sin x + (4a2 + 8a – 14)x increases for all x  R and has no critical points for all x  R.
Q.7 Find the greatest & the least values of the following functions in the given interval if they exist.
x  1 
(a) f (x) = sin1  ln x in  , 3  (b) f (x) = 12x4/3 – 6x1/3, x  [–1, 1]
x 2 1  3 
(c) 5 4 3
y = x – 5x + 5x + 1 in [ 1, 2]
1
Q.8 Find the values of 'a' for which the function f(x) = sin x  a sin2x  sin3x + 2ax increases throughout the
3
number line.
 a 2 1  3
Q.9  x + (a - 1) x2 + 2x + 1 is monotonic increasing for every x  R then find the range
If f(x) =

 3 
of values of ‘a’.
Q.10 Find the set of values of 'a' for which the function,
 21  4 a  a 2  3
f(x) =  1  
x + 5x + 7 is increasing at every point of its domain.
 a 1 
dg
Q.11 Let a + b = 4 , where a < 2 and let g (x) be a differentiable function. If > 0 for all x, prove that
dx
a b
 g (x) dx   g (x) dx increases as (b  a) increases.
0 0
x x 1
 1  1
Q.12  1  
Let f (x) = and g (x) = 1   , both f and g being defined for x > 0, then prove that
 x  x
f (x) is increasing and g (x) is decreasing.
Q.13 Find the value of x > 1 for which the function
x2
1 t 1 
F (x) =  ln   dt is increasing and decreasing.
x
t  32 
Q.14 Find all the values of the parameter 'a' for which the function ;
f(x) = 8ax  a sin 6x  7x  sin 5x increases & has no critical points for all x  R.
Q.15 If f (x) = 2ex – ae–x + (2a + 1)x  3 monotonically increases for every x  R then find the range of values
of ‘a’.
Q.16 Prove that, x2 – 1 > 2x ln x > 4(x – 1) – 2 ln x for x > 1.
 3 
Q.17 Prove that tan2x + 6 ln secx + 2cos x + 4 > 6 sec x for x   , 2 .
 2 
Q.18 Find the set of values of x for which the inequality ln (1 + x) > x/(1 + x) is valid.
Q.19 If b > a, find the minimum value of (x  a)3+ (x  b)3, x  R.
x2
Q.20 Suppose that the function f (x) = log c is defined for all x in the interval [a, b], is monotonic
x2
decreasing. Find the value of 'c' for which there exists 'a' and 'b' (b > a > 2) such that the range of the
function is [logcc(b–1), logcc(a–1)].
EXERCISE–II
Q.1 Verify Rolles throrem for f(x) = (x  a)m (x  b)n on [a, b] ; m, n being positive integer.
Q.2 Let f (x) = 4x3  3x2  2x + 1, use Rolle's theorem to prove that there exist c, 0< c <1 such that f(c) = 0.
 
Q.3 Using LMVT prove that : (a) tan x > x in  0,  , (b) sin x < x for x > 0
 2
Q.4 Let f be continuous on [a, b] and assume the second derivative f " exists on (a, b). Suppose that the
graph of f and the line segment joining the point a , f (a )  and b, f (b)  intersect at a point
x 0 , f ( x 0 )  where a < x0 < b. Show that there exists a point c  (a, b) such that f "(c) = 0.
Q.5 Prove that if f is differentiable on [a, b] and if f (a) = f (b) = 0 then for any real  there is an x  (a, b)
such that  f (x) + f ' (x) = 0.
3 x0
  x 2  3x  a 0  x  1
Q.6 For what value of a, m and b does the function f (x) = 
 mx  b 1 x  2
satisfy the hypothesis of the mean value theorem for the interval [0, 2].
Q.7 Assume that f is continuous on [a, b], a > 0 and differentiable on an open interval (a, b).
f (a ) f ( b )
Show that if = , then there exist x0  (a, b) such that x0 f '(x0) = f (x0).
a b
Q.8 Let f, g be differentiable on R and suppose that f (0) = g (0) and f ' (x)  g ' (x) for all x  0. Show that
f (x)  g (x) for all x  0.
Q.9 Let f be continuous on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b). If f (a) = a and f (b) = b, show that there exist
distinct c1, c2 in (a, b) such that f ' (c1) + f '(c2) = 2.
Q.10 Let f defined on [0, 1] be a twice differentiable function such that, | f " (x) |  1 for all x  [0, 1]
If f (0) = f (1), then show that, | f ' (x) | < 1 for all x  [0, 1]
Q.11 f (x) and g (x) are differentiable functions for 0  x  2 such that f (0) = 5, g (0) = 0, f (2) = 8, g (2) = 1.
Show that there exists a number c satisfying 0 < c < 2 and f ' (c) = 3 g' (c).
Q.12 If f, ,  are continuous in [a, b] and derivable in ]a, b[ then show that there is a value of c lying between
a & b such that,
f (a ) f (b) f (c)
(a ) (b) (c) = 0
(a ) (b) (c)
Q.13 Show that exactly two real values of x satisfy the equation x2 = x sinx + cos x.
Q.14 Let a > 0 and f be continuous in [–a, a]. Suppose that f ' (x) exists and f ' (x)  1 for all x  (–a, a). If
f (a) = a and f (– a) = – a, show that f (0) = 0.
Q.15 Prove the inequality ex > (1 + x) using LMVT for all x  R0 and use it to determine which of the two
numbers e and e is greater.
EXERCISE–III
Q.1(a) For all x  (0, 1) :
(A) ex < 1 + x (B) loge(1 + x) < x (C) sin x > x (D) loge x > x
(b) Consider the following statements S and R :
S : Both sin x & cos x are decreasing functions in the interval (/2, ).
R : If a differentiable function decreases in an interval (a, b), then its derivative also decreases in (a, b).
Which of the following is true ?
(A) both S and R are wrong
(B) both S and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation for S
(C) S is correct and R is the correct explanation for S
(D) S is correct and R is wrong.
(c) Let f (x) =  ex (x  1) (x  2) d x then f decreases in the interval :

(A) (, 2) (B) ( 2,  1) (C) (1, 2) (D) (2, + )
[JEE 2000 (Scr.) 1+1+1 out of 35]
Q.2(a) If f (x) = xe x(1 – x), then f(x) is
 1   1 
(A) increasing on   ,1 (B) decreasing on  , 1
 2   2 
(C) increasing on R (C) decreasing on R
1 
(b) Let – 1 < p < 1. Show that the equation 4x3 – 3x – p = 0 has a unique root in the interval  , 1 and
2 
identify it. [JEE 2001, 1 + 5 ]
Q.3 The length of a longest interval in which the function f (x) = 3 sinx – 4 sin3x is increasing, is
(A) /3 (B) /2 (C) 3/2 (D) 
[JEE 2002 (Screening), 3]
 
Q.4(a) Using the relation 2(1 – cosx) < x2 , x  0 or otherwise, prove that sin (tanx) > x ,  x  0,  .
 4
(b) Let f : [0, 4]  R be a differentiable function.
(i) Show that there exist a, b  [0, 4], (f (4))2 – (f (0))2 = 8 f (a) f (b)
(ii) Show that there exist ,  with 0 <  <  < 2 such that
4
 f(t) dt = 2 ( f (2) +  f (2) ) [JEE 2003 (Mains), 4 + 4 out of 60]
0
x  lnx , x  0

Q.5(a) Let f (x) =  . Rolle’s theorem is applicable to f for x [0, 1], if =
0, x0
(A) –2 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) 1/2
f (x 2 )  f (x )
(b) If f is a strictly increasing function, then Lim is equal to
x  0 f ( x )  f ( 0)
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) 2

[JEE 2004 (Scr)]
Q.6 If p (x) = 51x101 – 2323x100 – 45x + 1035, using Rolle's theorem, prove that at least one root of p(x)
lies between (451/100, 46). [JEE 2004, 2 out of 60]
Q.7 If f (x) is a twice differentiable function and given that f(1) = 1, f(2) = 4, f(3) = 9, then
(A) f '' (x) = 2, for  x  (1, 3) (B) f '' (x) = f ' (x) = 2, for some x  (2, 3)
(C) f '' (x) = 3, for  x  (2, 3) (D) f '' (x) = 2, for some x  (1, 3)
[JEE 2005 (Scr), 3]
Q.8(a) Let f (x) = 2 + cos x for all real x.
Statement-1: For each real t, there exists a point 'c' in [t, t + ] such that f ' (c) = 0.
Statement-2: f (t) = f (t + 2) for each real t.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true. [JEE 2007, 3]
Paragraph [JEE 2007, 4+4+4]
Q.8(b) If a continuous function f defined on the real line R, assumes positive and negative values in R then the
equation f (x) = 0 has a root in R. For example, if it is known that a continuous function f on R is positive
at some point and its minimum value is negative then the equation f (x) = 0 has a root in R.
Consider f (x) = kex – x for all real x where k is a real constant.
(i) The line y = x meets y = kex for k  0 at
(A) no point (B) one point (C) two points (D) more than two points
(ii) The positive value of k for which kex – x = 0 has only one root is
(A) 1/e (B) 1 (C) e (D) loge2
(iii) For k > 0, the set of all values of k for which kex – x = 0 has two distinct roots is
(A) 0, 1 e (B) 1 e , 1 (C) 1 e ,   (D) (0, 1)
Match the column. [JEE 2007, 6]

Q.8(c) In the following [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
Match the functions in Column I with the properties in Column II.
Column I Column II
(A) x | x | (P) continuous in (–1, 1)
(B) |x| (Q) differentiable in (–1, 1)
(C) x + [x] (R) strictly increasing in (–1, 1)
(D) | x – 1 | + | x + 1 | (S) non differentiable at least at one point in (–1, 1)
   
Q.9(a) Let the function g : (– , )    ,  be given by g (u) = 2 tan–1(eu) – . Then, g is
 2 2 2
(A) even and is strictly increasing in (0, ) (B) odd and is strictly decreasing in (– , )
(C) odd and is strictly increasing in (– , )
(D) neither even nor odd, but is strictly increasing in (– , )
Q.9(b) Let f (x) be a non-constant twice differentiable function defined on (–, ) such that f (x) = f (1 – x) and
f ' 1 4 = 0. Then
(A) f ''(x) vanishes at least twice on [0, 1] (B) f ' 1 2 = 0
1/ 2 1/ 2 1
 1 sin t
(C)  f  x   sin x dx = 0 (D)  f (t ) e dt =  f (1  t ) esin t dt
1 / 2  2 0 1/ 2
[JEE 2008, 3 + 4]
1
Q.10 For the function f ( x )  x cos , x  1,
x
(A) for at least one x in the interval [1, ), f(x + 2) – f(x) < 2
(B) xlim

f (x) = 1
(C) for all x in the interval [1, ), f(x + 2) – f(x) > 2
(D) f (x) is strictly decreasing in the interval [1, ) [JEE 2009, 4]
 p(x) 
Q .11 Let p(x) be a polynomial of degree 4 having extremum at x = 1, 2 and lim 1  2  = 2. Then the
x 0  x 
value of p(2) is [JEE 2009]
Paragraph for Question 12 to 14
Consider the polynomial f(x) = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3. Let s be the sum of all distinct real roots of f(x) and
let t = |s|. [JEE 2010]
Q. 12 The real number s lies in the interval
 1   3  3 1  1
(A)   , 0  (B)  11,   (C)   ,   (D)  0, 
 4   4  4 2  4
Q. 13 The area bounded by the curve y = f(x) and the lines x = 0, y = 0 and x = t, lies in the interval
3   21 11   21 
(A)  , 3  (B)  ,  (C) (9, 10) (D)  0, 
4   64 16   64 
Q. 14 The function f '(x) is
 1  1 
(A) increasing in   t,   and decreasing in   , 
 4  4 
 1  1 
(B) decreasing in   t,   and increasing in   , t 
 4  4 
(C) increasing (–t, t)
(D) decreasing in (–t, t)
Q. 15 The number of distinct real roots of x4 – 4x3 + 12x2 + x – 1 = 0 is [JEE 2011]
Paragraph for Question No. 16 to 17

x
 2(t  1) 
Let f(x) = (1 – x)2 sin2 x + x2 for all x  IR, and let g(x) =    ln t  f(t) dt for all x (1, )
1
t 1 
[JEE 2012]
Q. 16 Which of the following is true ?
(A) g is increasing on (1, )
(B) g is decreasing on (1, )
(C) g is increasing on (1, 2) and decreasing on (2, )
(D) g is decreasing on (1, 2) and increasing on (2, )
Q. 17 Consider the statements :
P : There exists some x  IR such that f(x) + 2x = 2(1 + x2)
Q : There exists some x IR such that 2f(x) + 1 = 2x(1 + x)
Then
(A) both P and Q are true (B) P is true and Q is false
(C) P is false and Q is true (D) both P and Q are false
Q. 18 If f and g are differentiable functions in [0, 1] satisfying f(0) = 2 = g(1), g(0) = 0 and f(1) = 6, then for
some c ]0, 1[ [JEE Main 2014]
(A) f '(c) = 2g'(c) (B) 2f '(c) = g'(c) (C) 2f '(c) = 3g'(c) (D) f '(c) = g'(c)
 1
x  t   dt
 t
Q. 19 Let f : (0, )  R be given by f(x) =  1e . [JEE Adv. 2014]
x t
Then :
(A) f(x) is monotonically increasing on [1, ] (B) f(x) is monotonically decreasing on (0, 1)
1
(C) f(x) + f   = 0, for all x (0, ) (D) f(2x) is an odd function of x on R
x
 
Q. 20 For every pair of continuous functions f, g : [0, 1]  such that max {f(x) : x  [0, 1]} = max{g(x) :
x  [0, 1]}, the correct statement(s) is(are) : [JEE Adv. 2014]
2 2
(A) (f(c)) + 3f(c) = (g(c)) + 3g(c) for some c  [0, 1]
(B) (f(c))2 + f(c) = (g(c))2 + 3g(c) for some c  [0, 1]
(C) (f(c))2 + 3f(c) = (g(c))2 + g(c) for some c  [0, 1]
(D) (f(c))2 = (g(c))2 for some c  [0, 1]
1
Q. 21 The least value of  R for which 4x2 +  1, for all x > 0, is : [JEE Adv. 2016]
x
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
64 32 27 25
Q. 22 If f : R  R is a differentiable function such that f '(x) > 2f(x) for all x  R, and f(0) = 1, then
(A) f '(x) < e2x in (0, ) (B) f(x) is increasing in (0, )
(C) f(x) is decreasing in (0, ) (D) f(x) > e2x in (0, ) [JEE Adv. 2017]
Answer Q.23, Q.24 and Q.25 by appropriately matching the information given in the three columns of the
following table.
[JEE Adv. 2017]
Let f(x) = x + loge x –x loge x, x  (0, )
 Column 1 contains information about zeros of f(x), f ' (x) and f ''(x)
 Column 2 contains information about the limiting behavior of f(x), f '(x) and f ''(x) at infinity
 Column 3 contains information about increasing / decreasing nature of f(x) and f '(x)
Column-I Column-II Column-III
(I) f(x) = 0 for some x  (1, e2) (i) xlim

f (x)  0 (P) f is increasing in (0, 1)
(II) f '(x) = 0 for some x  (1, e) (ii) xlim


f (x)   (Q) f is decreasing in (e, e2)
(III) f ''(x) = 0 for some x  (0, 1) (iii) xlim


f '(x)   (R) f ' is increasing in (0, 1)
(IV) f '''(x) = 0 for some x  (1, e) (iv) xlim


f '''(x)  0 (S) f ' is decreasing in (e, e2)
Q.23 Which of the following options is the only INCORRECT combination ?
(A) (I) (iii) (P) (B) (II) (iv) (Q) (C) (II) (iii) (P) (D) (III) (i) (R)
Q. 24 Which of the following is the only CORRECT combination ?
(A) (I) (ii) (R) (B) (III) (iv) (P) (C) (II) (iii) (S) (D) (IV) (i) (S)
Q. 25 Which of the following is the only CORRECT combination ?
(A) (III) (iii) (R) (B) (IV) (iv) (S) (C) (II) (ii) (Q) (D) (I) (i) (P)
Q. 26 For every twice differentiable function ƒ : R  [–2, 2] with (ƒ(0))2 + (ƒ'(0))2 = 85, which of the
following statement(s) is (are) TRUE ? [JEE Adv. 2018]
(A) There exist r, s  R, where r < s, such that ƒ is one-one on the open interval (r, s)
(B) There exists x0  (–4, 0) such that |ƒ'(x0)| < 1
(C) lim
x 
f(x) = 1
(D) There exists  (–4, 4) such that f() + f''() = 0 and f '() 0
Q.27 Let f : [0, 2]  R be a twice differentiable function such that f "(x) > 0, for all x  (0, 2).
If (x) = f(x) +f(2 – x), then  is : [JEE-Main 2019]
(A) decreasing on (0, 2) (B) decreasing on (0, 1) and increasing on (1, 2)
(C) increasing on (0, 2) (D) increasing on (0, 1) and decreasing on (1, 2)
Q.28 If the function f given by f(x) = x3 – 3 (a – 2)x2 + 3ax + 7, for some a  R is increasing in (0, 1] and

f (x)  14
decreasing in [1, 5), then a root of the equation,  0(x  1) is: [JEE-Main 2019]
(x  1)2
(A) – 7 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 6
x dx
Q.29 Let f (x)   , x  R , where a, b and d are non - zero real constant. Then :
a2  x2 b 2  (d  x) 2
(A) f is an increasing function of x [JEE-Main 2019]
(B) f is a decreasing function of x
(C) f ' is not a continuous function of x
(D) f is neither increasing nor decreasing function of x
 x2   
Q.30 If c is a point at which Rolle's theorem holds for the function, f (x)  log e   in the interval
 7x 
[3, 4], where  R, then f "(c) is equal to : [JEE Main 2020]
1 1 3 1
(A)  (B)  (C) (D)
24 12 7 12
Q.31 The value of c in the Lagrange's mean value theorem for the function ƒ(x) = x3 – 4x2 + 8x + 11, when
x is : [JEE Main 2020]
4 7 2 7 2 4 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3
Q.32 Let S be the set of all functions f : [0, 1]R, which are continuous on [0, 1] and differentiable on

(0, 1). Then for every f in S, there exists a c  (0, 1), depending on f, such that :
[JEE Main 2020]
f 1  f  c 
(A)  f 'c (B) |f(c) – f(1)| < |f '(c)|
1 c
(C) |f(c) + f(1)| < (1 + c) |f '(c)| (D) |f(c) – f(1)| < (1 – c) |f '(c)|
Q.33 Let f be any function continuous on [a, b] and twice differentiable on (a, b). If for all x (a, b),
f (c)  f (a)
f '(x) > 0 and f ''(x) < 0, then for any c  (a, b), is greater than : [JEE Main 2020]
f (b)  f (c)
bc ca ba
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D)
ca bc ba
Q.34 Let the function, f : [– 7, 0]  R be continuous on [– 7, 0] and differentiable on (–7, 0). If
f(– 7) = – 3 and f '(x)  2 for all x  (– 7, 0), then for all such functions f, f(–1) + f(0) lies in the interval
[JEE Main 2020]
(A) [–6, 20] (B) (– , 20] (C) (– , 11] (D) [–3, 11]
  
Q.35 Let f(x) = xcos–1 (– sin |x|), x    ,  , then which of the following is true? [JEE Main 2020]
 2 2

(A) f '(0)  
2
    
(B) f ' is decreasing in   , 0  and increasing in  0, 
 2   2
(C) f is not differentiable at x = 0
    
(D) f ' is increasing in   , 0  and decreasing in  0, 
 2   2
MAXIMA - MINIMA
FUNCTIONS OF A SINGLE VARIABLE
HOW MAXIMA & MINIMA ARE CLASSIFIED
1. A function f(x) is said to have a maximum
at x = a if f(a) is greater than every other
value assumed by f(x) in the immediate
neighbourhood of x = a. Symbolically
f (a )  f (a  h)
 x = a gives maxima for
f (a )  f (a  h)
a sufficiently small positive h.
Similarly, a function f(x) is said to have a
minimum value at x = b if f(b) is least than every
other value assumed by f(x) in the immediate
neighbourhood at x = b. Symbolically if
f ( b )  f ( b  h )
 x = b gives minima for a sufficiently small positive h.
f (b)  f ( b  h)
Note that :
(i) the maximum & minimum values of a function are also known as local/relative maxima or
local/relative minima as these are the greatest & least values of the function relative to some neighbourhood
of the point in question.
(ii) the term 'extremum' or (extremal) or 'turning value' is used both for maximum or a minimum value.
(iii) a maximum (minimum) value of a function may not be the greatest (least) value in a finite interval.
(iv) a function can have several maximum & minimum values & a minimum value may even be greater than a
maximum value.
(v) maximum & minimum values of a continuous function occur alternately & between two consecutive
maximum values there is a minimum value & vice versa.
2. A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR MAXIMUM & MINIMUM :
If f(x) is a maximum or minimum at x = c & if f  (c) exists then f  (c) = 0.
Note :
(i) The set of values of x for which f  (x) = 0 are often called as stationary points or critical points. The rate
of change of function is zero at a stationary point.
(ii) In case f  (c) does not exist f(c) may be a maximum or a minimum & in this case left hand and right hand
derivatives are of opposite signs.
(iii) The greatest (global maxima) and the least (global minima) values of a function f in an interval [a, b] are
f(a) or f(b) or are given by the values of x for which f  (x) = 0.
dy
(iv) Critical points are those where = 0, if it exists , or it fails to exist either by virtue of a vertical tangent
dx
or by virtue of a geometrical sharp corner but not because of discontinuity of function.
3. SUFFICIENT CONDITION FOR EXTREME VALUES :
f  (c- h) > 0 
 x = c is a point of local maxima, where f  (c) = 0.  h is a sufficiently
f  (c+ h) < 0  small positive
f  (c- h) < 0   quantity
Similarly  x = c is a point of local minima, where f (c) = 0.
f  (c+ h) > 0
Note : If f  (x) does not change sign i.e. has the same sign in a certain complete neighbourhood of c,
then f(x) is either strictly increasing or decreasing throughout this neighbourhood implying that f(c) is not
an extreme value of f.
4. USE OF SECOND ORDER DERIVATIVE IN ASCERTAINING THE MAXIMA OR MINIMA:
(a) f(c) is a minimum value of the function f, if f  (c) = 0 & f  (c) > 0.
(b) f(c) is a maximum value of the function f, f  (c) = 0 & f  (c) < 0.
Note : if f  (c) = 0 then the test fails. Revert back to the first order derivative check for ascertaning the
maxima or minima.
5. SUMMARYWORKING RULE :
FIRST :
When possible , draw a figure to illustrate the problem & label those parts that are important in the
problem. Constants & variables should be clearly distinguished.
SECOND :
Write an equation for the quantity that is to be maximised or minimised. If this quantity is denoted by ‘y’,
it must be expressed in terms of a single independent variable x. his may require some algebraic
manipulations.
THIRD :
If y = f (x) is a quantity to be maximum or minimum, find those values of x for which
dy/dx = f (x) = 0.
FOURTH :
Test each values of x for which f (x) = 0 to determine whether it provides a maximum or minimum or
neither. The usual tests are :
(a) If d²y/dx² is positive when dy/dx = 0  y is minimum.
If d²y/dx² is negative when dy/dx = 0  y is maximum.
If d²y/dx² = 0 when dy/dx = 0, the test fails.
positive for x  x 0 
dy 
(b) If is zero for x  x 0  a maximum occurs at x = x0.
dx
negative for x  x 0 
But if dy/dx changes sign from negative to zero to positive as x advances through
xo there is a minimum. If dy/dx does not change sign, neither a maximum nor a minimum. Such points are
called INFLECTION POINTS.
FIFTH :
If the function y = f (x) is defined for only a limited range of values a  x  b then examine x = a &
x = b for possible extreme values.
SIXTH :
If the derivative fails to exist at some point, examine this point as possible maximum or minimum.
Important Note :
– Given a fixed point A(x1, y1) and a moving point P(x, f (x)) on the curve y = f(x). Then AP will be
maximum or minimum if it is normal to the curve at P.
– If the sum of two positive numbers x and y is constant than their product is maximum if they are
equal, i.e. x + y = c , x > 0 , y > 0 , then
1
xy = [ (x + y)2 – (x – y)2 ]
4
– If the product of two positive numbers is constant then their sum is least if they are equal.
i.e. (x + y)2 = (x – y)2 + 4xy
6. USEFUL FORMULAE OF MENSURATION TO REMEMBER :

 Volume of a cuboid = lbh.
 Surface area of a cuboid = 2 (lb + bh + hl).
 Volume of a prism = area of the base x height.
 Lateral surface of a prism = perimeter of the base x height.
 Total surface of a prism = lateral surface + 2 area of the base
(Note that lateral surfaces of a prism are all rectangles).
1
 Volume of a pyramid = area of the base x height.
3
1
 Curved surface of a pyramid = (perimeter of the base) x slant height.
2
(Note that slant surfaces of a pyramid are triangles).
1
 Volume of a cone =  r2h.
3
 Curved surface of a cylinder = 2  rh.
 Total surface of a cylinder = 2  rh + 2  r2.
4
 Volume of a sphere =  r3.
3
 Surface area of a sphere = 4  r2.
1
 Area of a circular sector = r2  , when  is in radians.
2
7. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SIGN OF 2ND ORDER DERIVATIVE AND POINTS OF INFLECTION :

The sign of the 2nd order derivative determines the concavity of
the curve. Such points such as C & E on the graph where the
concavity of the curve changes are called the points of inflection.
From the graph we find that if:
d 2y
(i) > 0  concave upwards
dx 2
d 2y
(ii) < 0  concave downwards.
dx 2
d 2y
At the point of inflection we find that = 0 &
dx 2
d 2y
changes sign.
dx 2
d 2y
Inflection points can also occur if fails to exist. For example, consider the graph of the function
dx 2
defined as,
x 3/ 5 for x  (  , 1)
[
f (x) = 2  x2 for x  (1 ,  )

Note that the graph exhibits two critical points one is a point of local
maximum & the other a point of inflection.
EXERCISE–I
Q.1 A cubic f(x) vanishes at x = 2 & has relative minimum/maximum at x = 1 and x = 1/3.
1
14
If  f ( x ) dx = , find the cubic f (x).
1
3
x
Q.2 Investigate for maxima & minima for the function, f (x) =  [2 (t  1) (t  2)3 + 3 (t  1)2 (t  2)2] dt
1
Q.3 Find the greatest & least value for the function ;
(a) y = x + sin 2x , 0  x  2  (b) y = 2 cos 2x  cos 4x , 0  x  
Q.4 Suppose f(x) is a function satisfying the following conditions :
5
(i) f(0) = 2, f(1) = 1 (ii) f has a minimum value at x = and
2
2ax 2ax  1 2ax  b  1

(iii) for all x, f  (x) =
b b 1 1
2(ax  b) 2ax  2b  1 2ax  b
Where a, b are some constants. Determine the constants a, b & the function f(x).
Q.5 Suppose f(x) is real valued polynomial function of degree 6 satisfying the following conditions ;
(a) f has minimum value at x = 0 and 2
(b) f has maximum value at x = 1
f (x)
x 1 0
1 1
(c) for all x, Limit
x0 ln 0 x 1 = 2.
x
1 0 1
x
Determine f (x).
Q.6 Find the maximum perimeter of a triangle on a given base ‘a’ and having the given vertical angle.
Q.7 The length of three sides of a trapezium are equal, each being 10 cms. Find the maximum area of such a
trapezium.
Q.8 The plan view of a swimming pool consists of a semicircle of radius r attached to a rectangle of length '2r'
and width 's'. If the surface area A of the pool is fixed, for what value of 'r' and 's' the perimeter 'P' of the
pool is minimum.
Q.9 For a given curved surface of a right circular cone when the volume is maximum, prove that the semi
vertical angle is sin1 1 .
3
6
Q.10 Of all the lines tangent to the graph of the curve y = 2 , find the equations of the tangent lines of
x 3
minimum and maximum slope.
Q.11 A statue 4 metres high sits on a column 5.6 metres high. How far from the column must a man, whose eye
level is 1.6 metres from the ground, stand in order to have the most favourable view of statue.
Q.12 By the post office regulations, the combined length & girth of a parcel must not exceed 3 metre. Find the
volume of the biggest cylindrical (right circular) packet that can be sent by the parcel post.
Q.13 A running track of 440 ft. is to be laid out enclosing a football field, the shape of which is a rectangle with
semi circle at each end. If the area of the rectangular portion is to be maximum, find the length of its sides.
Use :  .
Q.14 A window of fixed perimeter (including the base of the arch) is in the form of a rectangle surmounted by
a semicircle. The semicircular portion is fitted with coloured glass while the rectangular part is fitted with
clean glass. The clear glass transmits three times as much light per square meter as the coloured glass
does. What is the ratio of the sides of the rectangle so that the window transmits the maximum light?
Q.15 A closed rectangular box with a square base is to be made to contain 1000 cubic feet. The cost of the
material per square foot for the bottom is 15 paise, for the top 25 paise and for the sides 20 paise. The
labour charges for making the box are Rs. 3/-. Find the dimensions of the box when the cost is minimum.
Q.16 Find the area of the largest rectangle with lower base on the x-axis & upper vertices on the
curve y = 12  x2.
Q.17 A trapezium ABCD is inscribed into a semicircle of radius l so that the base AD of the trapezium is a
diameter and the vertices B & C lie on the circumference. Find the base angle  of the trapezium ABCD
which has the greatest perimeter.
ax  b
Q.18 If y = has a turning value at (2, 1) find a & b and show that the turning value is a
(x  1) (x  4)
maximum.
Q.19 If r is a real number then find the smallest possible distance from the origin (0, 0) to the vertex of the
parabola whose equation is y = x2 + rx + 1.
Q.20 A sheet of poster has its area 18 m². The margin at the top & bottom are 75 cms and at the sides
50 cms. What are the dimensions of the poster if the area of the printed space is maximum?
x2 y 2
Q.21 A perpendicular is drawn from the centre to a tangent to an ellipse + = 1. Find the greatest value
a 2 b2
of the intercept between the point of contact and the foot of the perpendicular.
Q.22 A beam of rectangular cross section must be sawn from a round log of diameter d. What should the
width x and height y of the cross section be for the beam to offer the greatest resistance (a) to compression;
(b) to bending. Assume that the compressive strength of a beam is proportional to the area of the cross
section and the bending strength is proportional to the product of the width of section by the square of its
height.
Q.23 What are the dimensions of the rectangular plot of the greatest area which can be laid out within a triangle
of base 36 ft. & altitude 12 ft ? Assume that one side of the rectangle lies on the base of the triangle.
Q.24 The flower bed is to be in the shape of a circular sector of radius r & central angle . If the area is fixed
& perimeter is minimum, find r and .
Q.25 The circle x2 + y2 = 1 cuts the x-axis at P & Q. Another circle with centre at Q and varable radius
intersects the first circle at R above the x-axis & the line segment PQ at S. Find the maximum area of
the triangle QSR.
EXERCISE–II
3
Q.1 The mass of a cell culture at time t is given by, M (t) =
1  4e  t
(a) Find Lim M ( t ) and Lim M ( t )
t  t 
dM 1
(b) Show that = M (3  M )
dt 3
(c) Find the maximum rate of growth of M and also the vlaue of t at which occurs.
Q.2 Find the cosine of the angle at the vertex of an isosceles triangle having the greatest area for the given
constant length l of the median drawn to its lateral side.
Q.3 From a fixed point A on the circumference of a circle of radius 'a', let the perpendicular AY fall on the
tangent at a point P on the circle, prove that the greatest area which the APY can have
a2
is 3 3 sq. units.
8
Q.4 Given two points A ( 2 , 0) & B (0 , 4) and a line y = x. Find the co-ordinates of a point M on this line
so that the perimeter of the  AMB is least.
Q.5 A given quantity of metal is to be casted into a half cylinder i.e. with a rectangular base and semicircular
ends. Show that in order that total surface area may be minimum , the ratio of the height of the cylinder
to the diameter of the semi circular ends is /(+ 2). 1
Q.6 Let ,  be real numbers with 0     and f (x) = x2 – ( + )x +  such that  f ( x ) dx = 1. Find
 1
the maximum value of  f ( x ) dx .
0
Q.7 Show that for each a > 0 the function eax. xa² has a maximum value say F (a), and that F (x) has a
minimum value, ee/2.
1a
Q.8 For a > 0, find the minimum value of the integral  (a 3  4x  a 5 x 2 )e ax dx .
0
x ln x when x  0

Q.9 Consider the function f (x) = 
 0 for x  0
(a) Find whether f is continuous at x = 0 or not.
(b) Find the minima and maxima if they exist.
(c) Does f ' (0) ? Find Lim f ' ( x ) .
x 0
(d) Find the inflection points of the graph of y = f (x)..
Q.10 Consider the function y = f (x) = ln (1 + sin x) with – 2  x  2. Find
(a) the zeroes of f (x)
(b) inflection points if any on the graph
(c) local maxima and minima of f (x)
(d) asymptotes of the graph 2
(e) sketch the graph of f (x) and compute the value of the definite integral  f ( x ) dx .
 2
Q.11 The graph of the derivative f ' of a continuous function
f is shown with f (0) = 0. If
(i) f is monotomic increasing in the interval
[a, b)(c, d)(e, f] and decreasing in (p, q)(r, s).
(ii) f has a local minima at x = x1 and x = x2.
(iii) f is concave up in (l, m)  (n, t]
(iv) f has inflection point at x = k
(v) number of critical points of y = f (x) is 'w'.
Find the value of (a + b + c + d + e) + (p + q + r + s) + (l + m + n) + (x1 + x2) + (k + w).
Q.12 The graph of the derivative f ' of a continuous function
f is shown with f (0) = 0
(i) On what intervals is f increasing or decreasing?
(ii) At what values of x does f have a local
maximum or minimum?
(iii) On what intervals is f concave upward or downward?
(iv) State the x-coordinate(s) of the point(s) of inflection.
(v) Assuming that f (0) = 0, sketch a graph of f.
3 5
Q.13 Find the set of value of m for the cubic x3 – x2 + = log1 4 (m) has 3 distinct solutions.
2 2
2
Q.14 Find the positive value of k for the value of the definite integral  cos x  kx dx is minimised.
0
Q.15 A cylinder is obtained by revolving a rectangle about the x  axis , the base of the rectangle lying on the
x  axis and the entire rectangle lying in the region between the curve
x
y = 2 & the x  axis. Find the maximum possible volume of the cylinder..
x 1
Q.16 The value of 'a' for which f (x) = x3 + 3 (a  7)x2 + 3 (a2  9)x  1 have a positive point of maximum lies
in the interval (a1, a2)  (a3, a4). Find the value of a2 + 11a3 + 70a4.
Q.17 What is the radius of the smallest circular disk large enough to cover every acute isosceles triangle of a
given perimeter L?
Q.18 Find the magnitude of the vertex angle ‘’ of an isosceles triangle of the given area ‘A’ such that the
radius ‘r’ of the circle inscribed into the triangle is the maximum.
Q.19 The function f (x) defined for all real numbers x has the following properties
(i) f (0) = 0, f (2) = 2 and f ' (x) = k(2x – x2)e –x for some constant k > 0. Find
(a) the intervals on which f is increasing and decreasing and any local maximum or minimum values.
(b) the intervals on which the graph f is concave down and concave up.
(c) the function f (x) and plot its graph.
Q.20 Use calculus to prove the inequality, sin x  2x  in 0  x  /2.
Use this inequality to prove that, cos x  1 – x 2  in 0  x  /2.
EXERCISE–III
x
Q. 1 The function f(x) =  t(et – 1)(t – 1)(t – 2)3(t – 3)5dt has a local minimum at x = [JEE '99, (Scr.), 3]
1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
Q. 2 Find the co-ordinate of all the points P on the ellipse (x2/a2) + (y2/b2) = 1 for which the area of the
triangle PON is maximum, where O denotes the origin and N the foot of the perpendicular from O to the
tangent at P. [JEE '99, 10 out of 200]
Q. 3 Find the normals to the ellipse (x2/9) + (y2/4) = 1 which are farthest from its centre. [JEE '99, 6]
| x | for 0  | x |  2
Q.4 [1
Let f (x) =
for x  0
. Then at x = 0, ' f ' has :
(A) a local maximum (B) no local maximum
(C) a local minimum (D) no extremum.
[ JEE 2000 Screening, 1 out of 35 ]
Q.5 Find the area of the right angled triangle of least area that can be drawn so as to circumscribe a rectangle
of sides 'a' and 'b', the right angle of the triangle coinciding with one of the angles of the rectangle.
[ REE 2001 Mains, 5 out of 100 ]
Q.6(a) Let f(x) = (1 + b2)x2 + 2bx + 1 and let m(b) be the minimum value of f(x). As b varies, the range
of m (b) is
 1 1 
(A) [0, 1] (B)  0, (C)  , 1 (D) (0, 1]
 2  2 
(b) The maximum value of (cos 1) · (cos 2).......... (cos n), under the restrictions

O < 1, 2,..............., n < and cot 1 · cot 2.......... cot n = 1 is
2
1 1 1
(A) n/ 2 (B) n (C) (D) 1
2 2 2n
[ JEE 2001 Screening, 1 + 1 out of 35 ]
Q.7 If a1 , a2 ,....... , an are positive real numbers whose product is a fixed number e, the minimum value of
a1 + a2 + a3 +....... + an–1 + 2an is
(A) n(2e)1/n (B) (n+1)e1/n (C) 2ne1/n (D) (n+1)(2e)1/n
[ JEE 2002 Screening]
Q.8(a) Find a point on the curve x2 + 2y2 = 6 whose distance from the line x + y = 7, is minimum.
(b) For a circle x2 + y2 = r2, find the value of ‘r’ for which the area enclosed by the tangents drawn from the
point P(6, 8) to the circle and the chord of contact is maximum. [JEE 2003, Mains, 2 + 2 out of 60]
Q.9(a) Let f (x) = x3 + bx2 + cx + d, 0 < b2 < c. Then f
(A) is bounded (B) has a local maxima
(C) has a local minima (D) is strictly increasing [JEE 2004 (Scr.)]
3x ·( x  1)  
(b) Prove that sin x  2 x   x  0,  . (Justify the inequality, if any used).
  2
[JEE 2004, 4 out of 60]
Q.10 If P(x) be a polynomial of degree 3 satisfying P(–1) = 10, P(1) = – 6 and P(x) has maximum at x = – 1
and P'(x) has minima at x = 1. Find the distance between the local maximum and local minimum of the
curve. [JEE 2005 (Mains), 4 out of 60]
Q.11(a) If f (x) is cubic polynomial which has local maximum at x = – 1. If f (2) = 18, f (1) = – 1 and
f '(x) has local maxima at x = 0, then
(A) the distance between (–1, 2) and (a, f (a)), where x = a is the point of local minima is 2 5 .
(B) f (x) is increasing for x  (1, 2 5 ]
(C) f (x) has local minima at x = 1
(D) the value of f(0) = 5
e x 0  x 1 x

(b) f (x) = 2  e x 1
1  x  2 and g (x) =  f t  dt , x  [1, 3] then g(x) has
x  e 2x3 0

(A) local maxima at x = 1 + ln 2 and local minima at x = e
(B) local maxima at x = 1 and local minima at x = 2
(C) no local maxima
(D) no local minima [JEE 2006, 5 marks each]
(c) If f (x) is twice differentiable function such that f (a) = 0, f (b) = 2, f (c) = – 1, f (d) = 2, f (e) = 0,
2
where a < b < c < d < e, then find the minimum number of zeros of g( x )  f ' ( x )   f ( x ).f " ( x ) in the
interval [a, e]. [JEE 2006, 6]
(2  x )3 ,  3  x  1
Q.12(a) The total number of local maxima and local minima of the function f (x) =  2 / 3 is
x , 1  x  2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
(b) Comprehension:
Consider the function f : (– , )  (– , ) defined by
x 2  ax  1
f (x )  2 , 0 < a < 2
x  ax  1
(i) Which of the following is true?
(A) (2 + a)2 f '' (1) + (2 – a)2 f '' (– 1) = 0 (B) (2 – a)2 f '' (1) – (2 + a)2 f '' (– 1) = 0
(C) f ' (1) f ' (–1) = (2 – a)2 (D) f ' (1) f ' (–1) = – (2 + a)2
(ii) Which of the following is true?
(A) f (x) is decreasing on (–1, 1) and has a local minimum at x = 1
(B) f (x) is increasing on (–1, 1) and has a local maximum at x = 1
(C) f (x) is increasing on (–1, 1) but has neither a local maximum and nor a local minimum at x=1.
(D) f (x) is decreasing on (–1, 1) but has neither a local maximum and nor a local minimum at x = 1.
ex
f ' (t )
(iii) Let g (x) =  dt
0 1 t2
Which of the following is true?
(A) g ' (x) is positive on (– , 0) and negative on (0, )
(B) g ' (x) is negative on (– , 0) and positive on (0, )
(C) g ' (x) changes sign on both (– , 0) and (0, )
(D) g ' (x) does not change sign on (– , 0) and (0, ) [JEE 2008, 3 + 4 + 4 + 4]

Q. 13 The maximum value of the function f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x – 48 on the set A  x | x 2  20  9 x is 
[JEE 2008, 4 + 4]
2 2 2 2
Q. 14 Let f, g and h be real-valued functions defined on the interval [0, 1] by f(x) = e x  e  x , g(x) = xe x + e x
2 2
and h(x) = x2 e x  e  x . If a, b and c denote, the absolute maximum, of f g and h on [0, 1], then
(A) a = b and c  b (B) a = c and a  b (C) a  b and c  b (D) a = b = c [JEE 2010]
Q. 15 Let f be a function defined on R (the set of all real numbers) such tht f '(x) = 2010 (x – 2009)(x – 2010)2
(x – 2011)3(x – 2012)4, for all x  R. If g is a function defined on R with valued in the interval (0, )
such that f(x) = ln(g(x)), for all x R, then the number of points in R at which g has a local maximum is
[JEE 2010]
x
2
Q. 16 If f(x) =  e t (t – 2)(t – 3)dt for all x (0, ), then [JEE 2012]
0
(A) f has a local maximum at x = 2
(B) f is decreasing on (2, 3)
(C) there exists some c  (0, ) such that f ''(c) = 0
(D) f has a local minimum at x = 3
Q. 17 Let f : IR  IR be defined as f(x) = |x| + |x2 – 1|. The total number of points at which f attains either a
local maximum or a local minimum is : [JEE 2012]
Q. 18 Let p(x) be a real polynomial of least degree which has a local maximum at x = 1 and a local minimum at
x = 3. If p(1) = 6 and p(3) = 2, then p'(0) is : [JEE Adv. 2013]
Comprehension (Q.19 to Q. 20)

Let f : [0, 1]  R (the set of all numbers) be a function. Suppose the function f is twice differentiable,
f(0) = f(1) = 0 and satisfies f ''(x) – 2f '(x) + f(x)  ex, x  [0, 1]. [JEE Adv. 2013]
1
Q. 19 If the function e–xf(x) assumes its minimum in the interval [0, 1] at x = , which of the following is true
4
 3 1
(A) f '(x) < f(x), < x < (B) f '(x) > f(x), 0 < x <
4 4 4
1 3
(C) f '(x) < f(x), 0 < x < (D) f '(x) < f(x), < x < 1
4 4
Q. 20 Which of the following is true for 0 < x < 1 ?
1 1 1
(A) 0 < f(x) <  (B) – < f(x) < (C) – < f(x) < 1 (D) – f(x) < 0
2 2 4
Q. 21 The function f(x) = 2|x| + |x + 2| – ||x + 2+ – 2|x| has a local minimum or local maximum at x =
2 2
(A) – 2 (B) (C) 2 (D) [JEE Adv. 2013]
3 3
Q. 22 A rectangular sheet of fixed perimeter with sides having their lengths in the ratio 8 : 15 is converted into
an open rectangular box by folding after removing squares of equal area from all four corners. If the total
area of removed squares is 100, the resulting box has maximum volume. Then the lengths of the sides of
the rectangular sheet are : [JEE Adv. 2013]
(A) 24 (B) 32 (C) 45 (D) 60
Q. 23 If x = –1 and x = 2 are extreme points of f(x) =  log|x| + x2 + x then [JEE Main 2014]

1 1 1 1
(A)  = 2,  = (B)  = –6,  = (C)  = –6,  = – (D)  = 2,  = –
2 2 2 2
Q. 24 A cylindrical container is to be made from certain solid material with the following constraints. It has a
fixed inner volume of V mm3, has a 2 mm thick solid wall and is open at the top. The bottom of the
container is a solid circular disc of thickness 2 mm and is of radius equal to the outer radius of the
container. If the volume of the material used to make the container is minimum when the inner radius of
V
the container is 10 mm, then the value of is : [JEE Adv. 2015]
250
Q. 25 A wire of lengths 2 units is cut into two parts which are bent respectively to form a square of side = x
units and a circle of radius = r units. If the sum of area of the square and the circle so formed is minimum,
then [JEE Main 2016]
(A) 2x = ( + 4)r (B) (4 – )x = r (C) x = 2r (D) 2x = r
Q. 26 Let f : R  (0, ) and g : R  R be twice differentiable functions such that f '' and g'' are continuous
f (x)g(x)
functions on R. Suppose f '(2) = g(2) = 0, f ''(2)  0, and g'(2)  0. If lim  1 , then
x  2 f '(x)g '(x)
(A) f has a local minimum at x = 2 [JEE Adv. 2016]
(B) f has a local maximum at x = 2
(C) f ''(2) > f(2)
(D) f(x) – f ''(x) = 0 for at least one x  R
Q. 27 Twenty meters of wire is available for fencing off a flower - bed in the form of a circular sector. Then the
maximum area (in sq. m) of the flower - bed, is : [JEE Mains 2017]
(A) 12.5 (B) 10 (C) 25 (D) 30
cos(2x) cos(2x) sin(2x)

Q. 28 If f(x) =  cos x cos x  sin x , then [JEE Adv. 2017]
sin x sin x cos x
(A) f(x) attains its maximum at x = 0
(B) f(x) attains its minimum at x = 0
(C) f '(x) = 0 at exactly three points in (–, )
(D) f '(x) = 0 at more than three points in (–, )
1 1 f (x)
Q.29 Let f(x) = x2 + 2 and g(x) = x – , x  R – {–1, 0, 1}. If h(x) = , then the local minimum value
x x g(x)
of h(x) is : [JEE Main 2018]
(A) 2 2 (B) 3 (C) –3 (D) – 2 2
Q.30 If f(x) is a non-zero polynomial of degree four, having local extreme points at x = –1, 0, 1; then the set
S = {x  R : f(x) = f(0)} Contains exactly : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) four irrational numbers (B) two irrational and one rational number
(C) four rational numbers (D) two irrational and two rational numbers
Q.31 The height of a right circular cylinder of maximum volume inscribed in a sphere of radius 3 is :
[JEE Main 2019]
2
(A) 2 3 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 3
3
Q.32 If S1 and S2 are respectively the sets of local minimum and local maximum points of the function, f(x) =
9x4 + 12x3 – 36x2 + 25, x  R, then : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) S1 = {–2, 1} ; S2 = {0} (B) S1 = {–2, 0} ; S2 = {1}
(C) S1 = {–2} ; S2 = {0, 1} (D) S1 = {–1} ; S2 = {0, 2}
Q.33 The maximum area (in sq. units) of a rectangle having its base on the x-axis and its other two verticles
on the parabola, y = 12  x2 such that the rectangle lies inside the parabola, is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 36 (B) 20 2 (C) 32 (D) 18 3
Q.34 The maximum value of the function f(x) = 3x3 – 18x2 + 27x – 40 on the set S = {x  R : x2 + 30  11x}
is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) –122 (B) –222 (C) 122 (D) 222
3
Q.35 A helicopter is flying along the curve given by y  x 2  7 , (x > 0). A soldier positioned at the point
1 
 , 7  wants to shoot down the helicopter when it is nearest to him. Then this nearest distance is:
2 
[JEE Main 2019]
5 1 7 1 7 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 3 3 6 3 2
3 
Q.36 The shortest distance between the point  , 0  and the curve y  x ,  x  0  , is: [JEE Main 2019]
2 
5 3 3 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 4
Q.37 The maximum volume (in cu.m) of the right circular cone having slant height 3 m is :
[JEE Main 2019]
4
(A) 6  (B) 3 3 (C)  (D) 2 3
3
Q.38 Let f :   be given by [JEE Advanced 2019]
 x 5  5x 4  10x 3  10x 2  3x  1, x  0;

 x 2  x  1, 0  x  1;

f (x)   2 x 3  4x 2  7x  8 , 1  x  3;
3 3

(x  2) log e (x  2)  x  10 , x3
 3
Then which of the following options is/are correct ?
(A) f ' has a local maximum at x = 1 (B) f is onto
(C) f is increasing on (– , 0) (D) f ' is NOT differentiable at x = 1
sin x
Q.39 Let f (x)  ,x  0
x2
Let x1 < x2 < x3 < .... < xn < .... be all the points of local maximum of f and y1 < y2 < y3 < ..... < yn <.....
be all the points of local minimum of f.
Then which of the following option(s) is/ are correct?
[JEE (Advanced) 2019]
(A) x n  y n  1 for every n (B) x1 < y1
 1
(C) x n   2n, 2n   for every n (D) x n 1  x n  2 for every n
 2
x
Q.40 Let f : R  R be given by f(x) = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 5). Define F  x    f (t)dt, x  0 . Then which of the
0
following options is/ are correct? [JEE (Advanced) 2019]
(A) F has a local minimum at x = 1
(B) F has a local maximum at x = 2
(C) F (x)  0 for all x  (0,5)
(D) F has two local maxima and one local minimum in (0,  )
 f (x) 
Q.41 Let ƒ(x) be a polynomial of degree 5 such that x = ± 1 are its critical points. If lim  2  3  = 4 ,
x 0  x 
then which one of the following is not true ? [JEE Main 2020]
(A) ƒ(1) – 4ƒ(–1) = 4.
(B) x = 1 is point of maxima and x = –1 is a point of minimum of ƒ.
(C) ƒ if an odd function.
(D) x = 1 is a point of minima and x = –1 is a point of maxima of ƒ.
Q.42 Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree 3 such that f(–1) = 10, f(1) = – 6, f(x) has a critical point at
x = –1 and f '(x) has a critical point at x = 1. Then f(x) has a local minima at x = _______.
[JEE Main 2020]
Q.43 Let a function ƒ : [0, 5]  R be continuous, ƒ(1) = 3 and F be defined as :
x t
2
f(x) =  t g(t)dt, where g(t) =  f (u ) du .
1 1
Then for the function F, the point x = 1 is : [JEE Main 2020]
(A) a point of inflection. (B) a point of local maxima.
(C) a point of local minima. (D) not a critical point.
Q.44 If p(x) be a polynomial of degree three that has a local maximum value 8 at x = 1 and a local minimum
value 4 at x = 2; then p(0) is equal to : [JEE Main 2020]
(A) 12 (B) –12 (C) –24 (D) 6
Q.45 Suppose f(x) is a polynomial of degree four, having critical points at –1, 0, 1. If T  {x  R | f (x)  f (0)},

then the sum of squares of all the elements of T is: [JEE Main 2020]
(A) 6 (B) 2 (C) 8 (D) 4
Q.46 The minimum value of 2sinx + 2cosx is: [JEE Main 2020]

1 1
1 1
(A) 21 2
(B) 2 2 (C) 21 2
(D) 2 2
Q.47 The area (in sq. units) of the largest rectangle ABCD whose vertices A and B lie on the x-axis and
vertices C and D lie on the parabola, y = x2 – 1 below the x-axis, is: [JEE Main 2020]
2 4 1 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Q.48 Let PQ be a diameter of the circle x2 + y2 = 9. If  and  are the lengths of the perpendiculars from P and
Q on the straight line, x + y = 2 respectively, then the maximum value of  is _____
[JEE Main 2020]
 
Q.49 If the minimum and the maximum values of the function f :  ,   R , defined by
4 2
 sin 2  1  sin 2  1
f      cos 2  1  cos 2  1 are m and M respectively, then the ordered pair (m,M) is equal to
12 10 2
: [JEE Main 2020]
(A) (0, 4) (B) (–4, 0) (C) (–4, 4) 
(D) 0, 2 2 
Q.50 If x = 1 is a critical point of the function f(x) = (3x2 + ax – 2 – a)ex, then: [JEE Main 2020]
2
(A) x = 1 is a local minima and x   is a local maxima of f.
3
2
(B) x = 1 is a local maxima and x   is a local minima of f.
3
2
(C) x=1 and x   are local minima of f.
3
2
(D) x = 1 and x   are local maxima of f.
3
Q.51 Let m and M be respectively the minimum and maximum values of
cos 2 x 1  sin 2 x sin 2x

2 2
1  cos x sin x sin 2x
2 2
cos x sin x 1  sin 2x
Then the ordered pair (m, M) is equal to: [JEE Main 2020]
(A) (–3, –1) (B) (–4, –1) (C) (1, 3) (D) (–3, 3)
Q.52 Let AD and BC be two vertical poles at A and B respectively on a horizontal ground.
If AD = 8 m, BC = 11 m and AB = 10 m; then the distance (in meters) of a point M on AB from the point
A such that MD2 + MC2 is minimum is ______. [JEE Main 2020]
  
Q.53 The set of all real values of  for which the function f (x)  (1  cos 2 x) . (  sin x) , x    ,  , has
 2 2
exactly one maxima and exactly one minima, is: [JEE Main 2020]
 3 3  1 1  3 3  1 1
(A)   ,   {0} (B)   ,   {0} (C)   ,  (D)   , 
 2 2  2 2  2 2  2 2
1
Q.54 Let f : ( 1,  )  R be defined by f(0)=1 and f (x)  log e (1  x), x  0 . Then the function f:
x
[JEE Main 2020]
(A) increases in (–1, )
(B) decreases in (–1,0) and increases in (0, )
(C) increases in (–1,0) and decreases in (0,)
(D) decreases in (–1,).
Q.55 The function, f(x) = (3x-7)x2/3, x  R is increasing for all x lying in: [JEE Main 2020]

 14   14 
(A)  ,     0,   (B)  , 
 15   15 
 14  3 
(C)  , 0    ,   (D)  , 0    ,  
 15  7 
Q.56 For all twice differentiable functions f : R  R, with f(0) = f(1) = f’(0) = 0
[JEE Main 2020]
(A) f”(x) = 0, at every point x  (0, 1) (B) f”(x)  0, at every point x  (0,1)
(C) f”(x) = 0, for some x  (0,1) (D) f”(0) = 0
Q.57 For a polynomial g ( x) with real coefficients, let mg denote the number of distinct real roots of g ( x) .

Suppose S is the set of polynomials with real coefficients defined by
S  x 1  a  a x  a x  a x  : a , a , a , a  
2 2
0 1 2
2
3
3
0 1 2 3
For a polynomial f, let f  and f  denote its first and second order derivatives, respectively. Then the
 
minimum possible value of m f   m f  , where f  S , is____ [JEE Advance 2020]

Q.58 Consider all rectangles lying in the region (x, y)  R  R : 0  x  and 0  y  2sin(2x) 
 2 
and having one side on the x-axis. The area of the rectangle which has the maximum perimeter among all
such rectangles, is [JEE Advance 2020]
3   3
(A) (B)  (C) (D)
2 2 3 2
Q.59 Let the function f : (0,  )   be defined by f ( )  (sin   cos  ) 2  (sin   cos  ) 4 .

Suppose the function f has a local minimum at  precisely when   1 , , r  , where
0  1    r  1. Then the value of 1    r is [JEE Advance 2020]
ANSWER KEY
TANGENT & NORMAL
EXERCISE–I
Q.1 x + y – 1 = 0 Q.2 2 3 x  y = 2  
3  1 or 2 3 x + y = 2  3 1
Q.3 (0, 1) Q.4 x = 1 when t = 1, m  ; 5x – 4y = 1 if t  1, t = 1/3
5 82 ·7 3
Q.5 a = 1, b = Q.7 –
2 3
Q.8 T : x – 2y = 0 ; N : 2x + y = 0 Q.9 x + 2 y = /2 & x + 2 y =  3 /2

1
Q.12 a = 1 Q.14 – ; x – 4y = 2 Q.15 1/16
x2
m m
Q.16 a =  1/2 ; b =  3/4 ; c = 3 Q.20 2e–x/2 Q.22
2
1 2
Q.23 (a) n =  2 Q.24 (b) ± Q.25  = tan–1
2 2 C
EXERCISE–II
Q.1 1/9  m/min Q.2 (i) 6 km/h ; (ii) 2 km/hr
Q.3 (4 , 11) & ( 4,  31/3) Q.4 3/8  cm/min
Q.5 1 + 36  cu. cm/sec Q.6 1/48  cm/s
2
Q.7 0.05 cm/sec Q.8 cm/s Q.9 200 r3 / (r + 5)² km² / h
4
66 1 1 5
Q.10 Q.11 cm/sec. Q.12 (a) – m/min., (b) – m/min.
7 4 24  288 
80
Q.14 (a) r = (1 + t)1/4, (b) t = 80 Q.15 (i) (a) 6.05, (b) ; (ii) 9.72 cm3
27
EXERCISE–III
Q.1 2 x + y  2 2 = 0 or 2 x  y  2 2 = 0 Q.2 D Q.3 D Q.4 D
Q.5 A Q. 6 B Q. 7 8 Q. 8 A Q. 9 B Q.10 B Q.11 C
Q.12 A Q.13 C Q.14 B Q.15 B Q.16 A Q.17 B Q.18 B
Q.19 C Q.20 D Q.21 D Q.22 C Q.23 C Q.24 4 Q.25 D
Q.26 C Q.27 D Q.28 A
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
MONOTONOCITY
EXERCISE–I
Q.1 (a) I in (2 , ) & D in ( , 2)
(b) I in (1 , ) & D in (  , 0)  (0 , 1)
(c) I in (0, 2) & D in ( , )  (2 , )
1 1 1 1
(d) I for x > or  < x < 0 & D for x <  or 0 < x <
2 2 2 2
Q.2 (–2, 0)  (2, )
Q.3 (a) I in [0, 3/4)  (7/4 , 2 ] & D in (3/4 , 7 /4)
(b) I in [0 , /6)  (/2 , 5/6)  (3/2 , 2 ] & D in (/6 , /2)  (5/6, 3 /2)]
(c) I in [0, /2)  (3/2, 2] and D in (/2, 3/2)
Q.4 (0, 1/3)  (1, 5)
Q.5 continuous but not diff. at x = 1
Q.6  
a <  2  5 or a > 5
Q.7 (a) (/6)+(1/2)ln 3, (/3) – (1/2)ln 3
(b) Maximum at x = 1 and f (–1) = 18; Minimum at x = 1/8 and f (1/8) = – 9/4
(c) 2 & 10
Q.8 [1, ) Q.9 a  (– , – 3]  [1 , )
Q.10 [ 7,  1)  [2, 3] Q.13  in (3, ) and  in (1, 3)
Q.14 (6, ) Q.15 a  0
1
Q.18 ( 1, 0)  (, ) Q.19 (b  a)3/4 Q.20 0 < c <
9
EXERCISE–II
mb  na
Q.1 c = which lies between a & b Q.6 a = 3, b = 4 and m = 1
mn
EXERCISE–III
1 1 
Q.1 (a) B ; (b) D ; (c) C Q.2 (a) A, (b) cos  cos p Q.3 A
3 
Q.5 (a) D; (b) C Q.7 D
Q.8 (a) B; (b) (i) B, (ii) A, (iii) A; (c) (A) P,Q,R; (B) P,S; (C) R,S; (D) P, Q
Q.9 (a) C, (b) A, B, C, D Q.10 B, C, D Q.11 p(2) = 0 Q.12 C
Q.13 A Q.14 B Q.15 2 Q.16 B Q.17 C
Q.18 A Q.19 A,C,D Q.20 A, D Q.21 C Q.22 B,D
Q.23 D Q.24 C Q.25 C Q.26 A,B,D Q.27 B
Q.28 C Q.29 A Q.30 D Q.31 A
Q.32 Bonus Q.33 C Q.34 B Q.35 B
*************************************
MAXIMA - MINIMA
EXERCISE–I
Q.1 f (x) = x3 + x2  x + 2
Q.2 max. at x = 1 ; f(1) = 0 , min. at x = 7/5 ; f(7/5) =  108/3125
Q.3 (a) Max at x = 2 , Max value = 2 , Min. at x = 0 , Min value = 0
(b) Max at x = /6 & also at x = 5 /6 and
Max value = 3/2 , Min at x = /2 , Min value =  3
1 5 1 2 12 5
Q.4 a = ; b =  ; f(x) = (x2  5x + 8) Q.5 f (x) = x6  x + 2x4
4 4 4 3 5
 
Q.6 Pmax = a  1  cos ec  Q.7 75 3 sq. units
 2
2A 2A
Q.9 r = ,s = Q.10 3x + 4y – 9 = 0 ; 3x – 4y + 9 = 0
4 4
Q.11 4 2 m Q.12 1/ cu m Q.13 110 ' , 70 ' Q.14 6/(6 + )

Q.15 side 10', height 10' Q.16 32 sq. units Q.17  = 600 Q.18 a = 1, b = 0
3
Q.19 dmin = when r = 2 or – 2 Q.20 width 2 3 m, length 3 3 m
2
d d 2
Q.21 a  b Q.22 (a) x = y = , (b) x = , y = d
2 3 3
Q.23 6' × 18' Q.24 r = A ,  = 2 radians

4
Q.25
3 3
EXERCISE–II
3
Q.1 (a) 0, 3, (c) , t = ln 4 Q.2 cos A = 0.8 Q.4 (0 , 0)
4
6
Q.6 Q.8 4 when a = 2
108
Q.9 (a) f is continuous at x = 0 ; (b) – 2/e ; (c) does not exist, does not exist ; (d) pt. of inflection x = 1
Q.10 (a) x = – 2, – , 0, , 2, (b) no inflection point, (c) maxima at x = /2 and – 3/2 and no minima,
(d) x = 3/2 and x = – /2, (e) –  ln 2
Q.11 74
Q.12 (i) I in (1, 6)  (8, 9) and D in (0, 1)  (6, 8); (ii) L.Min. at x = 1 and x = 8; L.Max. x = 6
(iii) CU in (0, 2)  (3, 5)  (7, 9) and CD in (2, 3)  (5, 7); (iv) x = 2, 3, 5, 7
(v) Graph is
 1 1 2 2   
Q.13 m   ,  Q.14 k = cos  Q.15 /4 Q.16 320 Q.17 L/4
 32 16   2 2
Q.18 /3
Q.19 (a) increasing in (0, 2) and decreasing in (–, 0)  (2, ), local min. value = 0 and local max. value = 2
(b) concave up for (– , 2 – 2 )  (2 + 2 , ) and concave down in (2 – 2 ), (2 + 2 )
1 2 ·x 2
(c) f (x) = e ·x
2
EXERCISE–III
a2 b2
Q. 1 B, D Q. 2  ,
a 2  b2 a 2  b2
Q. 3  3x 2y  5 Q.4 A Q.5 2ab Q.6 (a) D ; (b) A
Q.7 A Q.8 (a) (2, 1) ; (b) 5 Q.9 (a) D Q.10 4 65

Q.11 (a) B, C; (b) A (c) 6 solutions Q.12 (a) C; (b) (i) A, (ii) A, (iii) B
Q.13 (b) 7 Q. 14 D Q. 15 1 Q. 16 A, B, C, D
Q. 17 5 Q. 18 9 Q. 19 C Q. 20 D Q. 21 A,B
Q. 22 A, C Q. 23 D Q. 24 4 Q. 25 C Q. 26 A,D
Q.27 C Q.28 A,D Q.29 A Q.30 B Q.31 A
Q.32 A Q.33 C Q.34 C Q.35 C Q.36 A
Q.37 D Q.38 A, B, D Q.39 A,C,D Q.40 A,B,C
Q.41 D Q.42 3 Q.43 C Q.44 B Q.45 D
Q.46 B Q.47 D Q.48 7 Q.49 B Q.50 A
Q.51 A Q.52 5 Q.53 A Q.54 D Q.55 C
Q.56 C Q.57 5.00 Q.58 C Q.59 0.50
QUESTION BANK
[STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE]

2 2
Q.1 Point 'A' lies on the curve y  e  x and has the coordinate (x, e x ) where x > 0. Point B has the
coordinates (x, 0). If 'O' is the origin then the maximum area of the triangle AOB is
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2e 4e e 8e
Q.2 The angle at which the curve y = KeKx intersects the y-axis is :
(A) tan1 k2 (B) cot1 (k2) (C) sec1  1  k 4  (D) none
 
x
Q.3 The angle between the tangent lines to the graph of the function f (x) =  (2 t  5) dt at the points where
2
the graph cuts the x-axis is
   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 4 3 2
Q.4 The equation sin x + x cos x = 0 has at least one root in
    3   
(A)   , 0  (B) (0, ) (C)  ,  (D)  0, 
 2   2   2
Q.5 The minimum value of

tan x  6
is :

tan x
(A) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) 3
Q.6 If a < b < c < d & x  R then the least value of the function,
f(x) = x  a + x  b + x  c + x  d is
(A) c – d + b – a (B) c + d – b – a (C) c + d – b + a (D) c – d + b + a
Q.7 If a variable tangent to the curve x2y = c3 makes intercepts a, b on x and y axis respectively, then the
value of a2b is
4 3 27 3 4 3
(A) 27 c3 (B) c (C) c (D) c
27 4 9
1 1 1
2 3
Q.8 Let f (x) = 3  x 5  3x 3x  1 . Then the equation f (x) = 0 has
2 x 2  1 3x 5  1 7 x 8  1
(A) no real root (B) atmost one real root
(C) atleast 2 real roots (D) exactly one real root in (0,1) and no other real root.
Q.9 Difference between the greatest and the least values of the function
f (x) = x(ln x – 2) on [1, e2] is
(A) 2 (B) e (C) e2 (D) 1
Q.10 The function f : [a, )  R where R denotes the range corresponding to the given domain, with rule
f (x) = 2x3 – 3x2 + 6, will have an inverse provided
(A) a  1 (B) a  0 (C) a  0 (D) a  1
Q.11 The graphs y = 2x3 – 4x + 2 and y = x3 + 2x – 1 intersect in exactly 3 distinct points. The slope of the
line passing through two of these points
(A) is equal to 4 (B) is equal to 6 (C) is equal to 8 (D) is not unique
Q.12 In which of the following functions Rolle’s theorem is applicable?
sin x
x , 0 x  1  x ,    x  0


(A) f(x) =  on [0, 1] (B) f(x) =  on [–, 0]
0 , x 1  0 , x 0
x 3  2 x 2  5x  6
2
x x6  if x  1, on [2,3]
(C) f(x) = on [–2,3] (D) f(x) =  x 1
x 1
  6 if x  1
Q.13 The figure shows a right triangle with its hypotenuse OB along the y-axis
and its vertex A on the parabola y = x2. Let h represents the length of
the hypotenuse which depends on the x-coordinate of the point A. The
value of Lim (h ) equals
x0
(A) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) 2
Q.14 Number of positive integral values of ‘a’ for which the curve y = ax intersects the line y = x is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) More than 2
Q.15 Which one of the following can best represent the graph of the function f (x) = 3x4 – 4x3?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
 1 x2 
Q.16 The function f (x) = tan–1  
 1  x 2  is
 
(A) increasing in its domain
(B) decreasing in its domain
(C) decreasing in (– , 0) and increasing in (0, )
(D) increasing in (– , 0) and decreasing in (0, )
Q.17 The tangent to the graph of the function y = f(x) at the point with abscissa x = a forms with the x-axis
an angle of /3 and at the point with abscissa x = b at an angle of /4, then the value of the integral,
b
 f  (x) . f  (x) dx is equal to
a
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C)  3 (D) –1

[ assume f  (x) to be continuous ]
Q.18 Let C be the curve y = x3 (where x takes all real values). The tangent at A meets the curve again at B. If
the gradient at B is K times the gradient at A then K is equal to
1
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) – 2 (D)
4
Q.19 Which one of the following statements does not hold good for the function
f (x) = cos–1(2x2 – 1)?
(A) f is not differentiable at x = 0 (B) f is monotonic
(C) f is even (D) f has an extremum
Q.20 The length of the shortest path that begins at the point (2, 5), touches the x-axis and then ends at a point
on the circle
x2 + y2 + 12x – 20y + 120 = 0, is
(A) 13 (B) 4 10 (C) 15 (D) 6  89
3 2
Q.21 The lines y =  x and y =  x intersect the
2 5
curve 3x2 + 4xy + 5y2  4 = 0 at the points P and Q
respectively. The tangents drawn to the curve at P
and Q :
(A) intersect each other at angle of 45º
(B) are parallel to each other
(C) are perpendicular to each other
(D) none of these
Q.22 The bottom of the legs of a three legged table are the vertices of an isoceles triangle with sides 5, 5 and
6. The legs are to be braced at the bottom by three wires in the shape of a Y. The minimum length of the
wire needed for this purpose, is
(A) 4 + 3 3 (B) 10 (C) 3 + 4 3 (D) 1 + 6 2
Q.23 The least value of 'a' for which the equation,
4 1
 = a has atleast one solution on the interval (0, /2) is :
sin x 1  sin x
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 9
f ( t ) : 0  t  x
Q.24 If f(x) = 4x3  x2  2x + 1 and g(x) = [ Min
3 x
; 0 x 1
; 1 x  2
then
 1  3  5
g   + g   + g   has the value equal to :
 4  4  4
7 9 13 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 4 2
ta n [ x]
2/3  , x 0
1 
Q.25 Given: f (x) = 4    x  g (x) =  x
2   1 , x 0
h (x) = {x} k (x) = 5log 2 ( x  3)

then in [0, 1], Lagranges Mean Value Theorem is NOT applicable to
(A) f, g, h (B) h, k (C) f, g (D) g, h, k
where [x] and {x} denotes the greatest integer and fraction part function.
Q.26 If the function f (x) = x4 + bx2 + 8x + 1 has a horizontal tangent and a point of inflection for the same
value of x then the value of b is equal to
(A) – 1 (B) 1 (C) 6 (D) – 6
 1 1 
Q.27 f (x) =   2  2

2 
dx then f is
 1  x 1  x 
(A) increasing in (0, ) and decreasing in (– , 0)
(B) increasing in (– , 0) and decreasing in (0, 
(C) increasing in (–  , 
(D) decreasing in (–  , 
Q.28 The lower corner of a leaf in a book is folded over so as to just reach the inner edge of the page. The
fraction of width folded over if the area of the folded part is minimum is :
(A) 5/8 (B) 2/3 (C) 3/4 (D) 4/5
Q.29 A closed vessel tapers to a point both at its top E and its bottom F and is fixed with EF vertical when the
depth of the liquid in it is x cm, the volume of the liquid in it is, x2 (15  x) cu. cm. The length EF is:
(A) 7.5 cm (B) 8 cm (C) 10 cm (D) 12 cm
Q.30 Coffee is draining from a conical filter, height and diameter both 15 cms into a cylinderical coffee pot
diameter 15 cm. The rate at which coffee drains from the filter into the pot is 100 cu cm /min.
The rate in cms/min at which the level in the pot is rising at the instant when the coffee in the pot is 10 cm,
is
9 25 5 16
(A) (B) (C) (D)
16 9 3 9
Q.31 The true set of real values of x for which the function, f(x) = x ln x  x + 1 is positive is
(A) (1, ) (B) (1/e, ) (C) [e, ) (D) (0, 1)  (1, )
Q.32 A horse runs along a circle with a speed of 20 km/hr . A lantern is at the centre of the circle. A fence is
along the tangent to the circle at the point at which the horse starts . The speed with which the shadow of
the horse move along the fence at the moment when it covers 1/8 of the circle in km/hr is
(A) 20 (B)40 (C) 30 (D) 60
Q.33 Give the correct order of initials T or F for following statements. Use T if statement is true and F if it is
false.
Statement-1: If f : R  R and c  R is such that f is increasing in (c – , c) and f is decreasing in
(c, c + ) then f has a local maximum at c. Where  is a sufficiently small positive quantity.
Statement-2 : Let f : (a, b)  R, c  (a, b). Then f can not have both a local maximum and a point of
inflection at x = c.
Statement-3 : The function f (x) = x2 | x | is twice differentiable at x = 0.
Statement-4 : Let f : [c – 1, c + 1]  [a, b] be bijective map such that f is differentiable at c then f–1
is also differentiable at f (c).
(A) FFTF (B) TTFT (C) FTTF (D) TTTF
Q.34 A curve is represented by the equations, x = sec2 t and y = cot t where t is a parameter. If the tangent
at the point P on the curve where t = /4 meets the curve again at the point Q then PQ is equal to:
5 3 5 5 2 5 3 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 3 2
Q.35 Water runs into an inverted conical tent at the rate of 20 cubic feet per minute and leaks out at the rate of
5 cubic feet per minute. The height of the water is three times the radius of the water's surface. The radius
of the water surface is increasing when the radius is 5 feet, is
1 1 1
(A) ft./min (B) ft./min (C) ft./min (D) none
5 10 15
Q.36 The set of values of p for which the equation ln x px = 0 possess three distinct roots is
 1
(A)  0,  (B) (0, 1) (C) (1,e) (D) (0,e)
 e
Q.37 The lateral edge of a regular rectangular pyramid is 'a' cm long . The lateral edge makes an angle  with
the plane of the base. The value of  for which the volume of the pyramid is greatest, is
 2 
(A) (B) sin1 (C) cot1 2 (D)
4 3 3
Q.38 In a regular triangular prism the distance from the centre of one base to one of the vertices of the other
base is l . The altitude of the prism for which the volume is greatest :
   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 3 4
x3 5 if x  1
Q.39 Let f (x) = 

 ( x  2)3 if x  1
then the number of critical points on the graph of the function is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Q.40 Number of roots of the equation x2 . e2 x = 1 is :
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) zero
Q.41 The point(s) at each of which the tangents to the curve y = x3  3x2  7x + 6 cut off on the positive
semi axis OX a line segment half that on the negative semi axis OY then the co-ordinates the point(s) is/
are given by :
(A) ( 1, 9) (B) (3,  15) (C) (1,  3) (D) none
Q.42 A curve with equation of the form y = ax4 + bx3 + cx + d has zero gradient at the point (0, 1) and also
touches the x  axis at the point ( 1, 0) then the values of x for which the curve has a negative gradient
are:
(A) x >  1 (B) x < 1 (C) x <  1 (D)  1  x  1
Q.43 Consider the function
f (x) = x cos x – sin x, then identify the statement which is correct .
(A) f is neither odd nor even (B) f is monotonic decreasing at x = 0
(C) f has a maxima at x =  (D) f has a minima at x = – 
Q.44 Let f (x) = x3 – 3x2 + 2x. If the equation f (x) = k has exactly one positive and one negative solution then
the value of k equals
2 3 2 2 1
(A) – (B) – (C) (D)
9 9 3 3 3 3
a b
Q.45 The x-intercept of the tangent at any arbitrary point of the curve 2
 2 = 1 is proportional to:
x y
(A) square of the abscissa of the point of tangency
(B) square root of the abscissa of the point of tangency
(C) cube of the abscissa of the point of tangency
(D) cube root of the abscissa of the point of tangency .
Q.46 The graph of y = f ''(x) for a function f is shown. Number of
points of inflection for y = f (x) is
(A) 4 (B) 3
(C) 2 (D) 1
Q.47 Let h be a twice continuously differentiable positive function on an open interval J. Let
g(x) = ln h ( x )  for each x  J
Suppose h ' (x ) 2 > h''(x) h(x) for each x  J. Then
(A) g is increasing on J (B) g is decreasing on J
(C) g is concave up on J (D) g is concave down on J
Q.48 If f (x) is continuous and differentiable over [–2, 5] and – 4  f ' (x)  3 for all x in (–2, 5) then the
greatest possible value of f (5) – f (–2) is
(A) 7 (B) 9 (C) 15 (D) 21
Q.49 Let f (x) and g (x) be two continuous functions defined from R  R, such that f (x1) > f (x2) and
 
g (x1) < g (x2),  x1 > x2 , then solution set of f g ( 2  2 ) > f  g(3  4)  is
(A) R (B)  (C) (1, 4) (D) R – [1, 4]
Q.50 A curve is represented parametrically by the equations x = t + eat and y = – t + eat when t  R and
a > 0. If the curve touches the axis of x at the point A, then the coordinates of the point A are
(A) (1, 0) (B) (1/e, 0) (C) (e, 0) (D) (2e, 0)
1
Q.51 Let f (x) = x – then which one of the following statement is true
x
(A) Function is invertible if defined from R – {0}  R.
(B) f (x1) > f (x2),  x1 > x2 and x1 ,x2  0.
(C) Graph of the function has exactly one asymptote.
(D) Function is one-one in every continuous interval [a, b] defined on one side of origin.
x2
Q.52 If f(x) =  (t  1) dt , 1  x  2, then global maximum value of f(x) is
x
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 5
1
Q.53 A right triangle is drawn in a semicircle of radius with one of its legs along the diameter. The maximum
2
area of the triangle is
1 3 3 3 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 32 16 8
Q.54 At any two points of the curve represented parametrically by x = a (2 cos t  cos 2t) ;
y = a (2 sin t  sin 2t) the tangents are parallel to the axis of x corresponding to the values of the
parameter t differing from each other by :
(A) 2/3 (B) 3/4 (C) /2 (D) /3
t  3x  x 2
Q.55 If the function f (x) = , where 't' is a parameter has a minimum and a maximum then the
x4
range of values of 't' is
(A) (0, 4) (B) (0, ) (C) (– , 4) (D) (4, )
cos x
2  
Q.56 Let F (x) =  e (1 arcsin t ) dt on 0,  then
sin x
 2
   
(A) F'' (c) = 0 for all c   0,  (B) F''(c) = 0 for some c   0, 
 2  2
   
(C) F' (c) = 0 for some c   0,  (D) F (c)  0 for all c   0, 
 2  2
Q.57 The least area of a circle circumscribing any right triangle of area S is :
(A)  S (B) 2  S (C) 2  S (D) 4  S
d
Q.58 Given f ' (1) = 1 and f (2x )   f ' ( x )  x > 0. If f ' (x) is differentiable then there exists a number
dx
c  (2, 4) such that f '' (c) equals
(A) – 1/4 (B) – 1/8 (C) 1/4 (D) 1/8
Q.59 3
A point is moving along the curve y = 27x. The interval in which the abscissa changes at slower rate than
ordinate, is
(A) (–3 , 3) (B) (–  ,  ) (C) (–1, 1) (D) (– , –3)  (3, )
Q.60 Let f (x) and g (x) are two function which are defined and differentiable for all x  x0. If f (x0) = g (x0) and
f ' (x) > g ' (x) for all x > x0 then
(A) f (x) < g (x) for some x > x0 (B) f (x) = g (x) for some x > x0
(C) f (x) > g (x) only for some x > x0 (D) f (x) > g (x) for all x > x0
Q.61 The graph of y = f (x) is shown. Let F (x) be an antiderivative of f (x). Then F(x) has
2 4 
(A) points of inflexion at x = 0, , , and 2, a local maximum at x = , and a local minimum at
3 3 2
3
x =
2
2 4 
(B) points of inflexion at x = 0, , , and 2, a local minimum at x = , and a local maximum at
3 3 2
3
x =
2
 3
(C) point of inflexion at x = , a local maximum at x = , and a local minimum at x =
2 2
 3
(D) point of inflexion at x = , a local minimum at x = , and a local maximum at x =
2 2
Q.62 P and Q are two points on a circle of centre C and radius , the angle PCQ being 2 then the radius of
the circle inscribed in the triangle CPQ is maximum when
3 1 5 1 5 1 5 1
(A) sin   (B) sin   (C) sin   (D) sin  
2 2 2 2 4
Q.63 Number of critical points of the function,
x
2 x
f(x) =
3
x3 
2
 
1
 12  12 cos 2 t  t  dt
which lie in the interval [ 2, 2] is :
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
Q.64 Suppose that water is emptied from a spherical tank of radius 10 cm. If the depth of the water in the tank
is 4 cm and is decreasing at the rate of 2 cm/sec, then the radius of the top surface of water is decreasing
at the rate of
(A) 1 (B) 2/3 (C) 3/2 (D) 2
x
Q.65 The range of values of m for which the line y = mx and the curve y = 2 enclose a region, is
x 1
(A) (–1, 1) (B) (0, 1) (C) [0, 1] (D) (1, )
Q.66 For a steamer the consumption of petrol (per hour) varies as the cube of its speed (in km). If the speed
of the current is steady at C km/hr then the most economical speed of the steamer going against the
current will be
(A) 1.25 C (B) 1.5 C (C) 1.75C (D) 2 C
Q.67 Let f and g be increasing and decreasing functions, respectively from [0 , ) to [0 , ). Let
h (x) = f [g (x)] . If h (0) = 0, then h (x)  h (1) is :
(A) always zero (B) strictly increasing (C) always negative (D) always positive
1 1
Q.68 A function y = f (x) is given by x = & y = for all t > 0 then f is :
1 t 2
t (1  t 2 )
(A) increasing in (0, 3/2) & decreasing in (3/2, )
(B) increasing in (0, 1)
(C) increasing in (0, )
(D) decreasing in (0, 1)
Q.69 If the function f (x) = 2 x2  k x + 5 is increasing in [1, 2] , then ' k ' lies in the interval
(A) (, 4) (B) (4 , ) (C) (, 7) (D) (8 , )
Q.70 The set of all values of ' a ' for which the function ,
 x x
f (x) = (a2  3 a + 2)  cos 2  sin 2  + (a  1) x + sin 1 does not possess critical points is:
 4 4
(A) [1, ) (B) (0, 1)  (1, 4) (C) ( 2, 4) (D) (1, 3)  (3, 5)
Q.71 The value of n for which the area of the triangle included between the co-ordinate axes and any tangent
to the curve xyn = an+1 is constant is
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) a
Q.72 Read the following mathematical statements carefully:
I. Adifferentiable function ' f ' with maximum at x = c  f ''(c) < 0.
II. Antiderivative of a periodic function is also a periodic function.
T T
III. If f has a period T then for any a  R.  f ( x ) dx =  f ( x  a ) dx
0 0
IV. If f (x) has a maxima at x = c , then 'f ' is increasing in (c – h, c) and decreasing in (c, c + h)
as h  0 for h > 0.
Now indicate the correct alternative.
(A) exactly one statement is correct. (B) exactly two statements are correct.
(C) exactly three statements are correct. (D) All the four statements are correct.
 x1
if x  1
Q.73 Let a function f be defined as f (x) =  x2  1
 x2 if x  1

Then the number of critical point(s) on the graph of this function is/are :
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
Q.74 Two sides of a triangle are to have lengths 'a' cm & 'b' cm. If the triangle is to have the maximum area,
then the length of the median from the vertex containing the sides 'a' and 'b' is
1 2 2a  b a 2  b2 a  2b
(A) a  b2 (B) (C) (D)
2 3 2 3
Q.75 Let S be a square with sides of length x. If we approximate the change in size of the area of S by
dA
h· , when the sides are changed from x0 to x0 + h, then the absolute value of the error in our
dx x x0
approximation, is
(A) h2 (B) 2hx0 (C) x 02 (D) h
1
3
Q.76 Number of critical points on the graph of the function f (x) = x (x – 4) is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
Q.77 A rectangle has one side on the positive y-axis and one side on the positive x - axis. The upper right hand
nx
vertex of the rectangle lies on the curve y = . The maximum area of the rectangle is
x2
(A) e–1 (B) e – ½ (C) 1 (D) e½
Q.78 All roots of the cubic x3 + ax + b = 0 (a, b,  R) are real and distinct , and b > 0 then

(A) a = 0 (B) a < 0 (C) a > 0 (D) a > b
Q.79 Let f (x) = ax2 – b | x |, where a and b are constants. Then at x = 0, f (x) has
(A) a maxima whenever a > 0, b > 0
(B) a maxima whenever a > 0, b < 0
(C) minima whenever a > 0, b > 0
(D) neither a maxima nor minima whenever a > 0, b < 0
Q.80 Consider f (x) = | 1 – x | 1  x  2 and


g (x) = f (x) + b sin x, 1 < x < 2
2
then which of the following is correct?
3
(A) Rolles theorem is applicable to both f, g and b =
2
1
(B) LMVT is not applicable to f and Rolles theorem if applicable to g with b =
2
(C) LMVT is applicable to f and Rolles theorem is applicable to g with b = 1
(D) Rolles theorem is not applicable to both f, g for any real b.
x
 1 1 
Q.81 Consider f (x) =   t   dt and g (x) = f  (x) for x   , 3
1
t 2 
If P is a point on the curve y = g(x) such that the tangent to this curve at P is parallel to a chord joining
 1  1 
the points  , g   and (3, g(3) ) of the curve, then the coordinates of the point P
 2  2 
 7 65   3 5 
(A) can't be found out (B)  ,  (C) (1, 2) (D)  2 , 

 4 28   6 
Q.82 The angle made by the tangent of the curve x = a (t + sint cost) ; y = a (1 + sint)2 with the x-axis at any
point on it is
1 1 sin t 1 1 sin t
(A)   2t  (B) (C) 2 t   (D)
4 cos t 4 cos 2 t
Q.83 If the function f (x) = 2x2 + 3x + 5 satisfies LMVT at x = 2 on the closed interval [1, a] then the value of
'a' is equal to
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 1
Q.84 Given that f (x) is continuously differentiable on a  x  b where a < b, f (a) < 0 and f (b) > 0, which of
the following are always true?
(i) f (x) is bounded on a  x  b.
(ii) The equation f (x) = 0 has at least one solution in a < x < b.
(iii) The maximum and minimum values of f (x) on a  x  b occur at points where f ' (c) = 0.
(iv) There is at least one point c with a < c < b where f ' (c) > 0.
(v) There is at least one point d with a < d < b where f ' (c) < 0.
(A) only (ii) and (iv) are true (B) all but (iii) are true
(C) all but (v) are true (D) only (i), (ii) and (iv) are true
Q.85 Consider the curve represented parametrically by the equation
x = t3 – 4t2 – 3t and
y = 2t2 + 3t – 5 where t  R.
If H denotes the number of point on the curve where the tangent is horizontal and V the number of point
where the tangent is vertical then
(A) H = 2 and V = 1 (B) H = 1 and V = 2
(C) H = 2 and V = 2 (D) H = 1 and V = 1
Q.86 At the point P(a, an) on the graph of y = xn (n  N) in the first quadrant a normal is drawn. The normal
1
intersects the y-axis at the point (0, b). If Lim b  , then n equals
a 0 2
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 4
Q.87 P is a point on positive x-axis, Q is a point on the positive y-axis and 'O' is the origin. If the line passing
through P and Q is tangent to the curve y = 3 – x2 then the minimum area of the triangle OPQ, is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 9
Q.88 Suppose that f is differentiable for all x and that f '(x)  2 for all x. If f (1) = 2 and f (4) = 8 then f (2)
has the value equal to
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
Q.89 There are 50 apple trees in an orchard. Each tree produces 800 apples. For each additional tree planted
in the orchard, the output per additional tree drops by 10 apples. Number of trees that should be added
to the existing orchard for maximising the output of the trees, is
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 20
nx
Q.90 Range of the function f(x) = is
x
 2  1
(A) (–, e) (B) (–, e2) (C)  ,  (D)  , 
 e  e
Q.91 The curve y = x3 + x2 – x has two horizontal tangents. The distance between these two horizontal lines,
is
13 11 22 32
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 9 27 27
[REASONING TYPE]
Q.92 f : R  R
Statement-1: f (x) = 12x5 – 15x4 + 20x3 – 30x2 + 60x + 1 is monotonic and surjective on R.
because
Statement-2: A continuous function defined on R, if strictly monotonic has its range R.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
x{x}  1, 0  x 1

Q.93 Consider function f (x) =  where { x } : fractional part function of x.
 2  {x}, 1 x  2
Statement-1: Rolles Theorem is not applicable to f (x) in [0, 2]
because
Statement-2: f (0)  f (2)
2x  2
Q.94 Let f (x) = ln(2 + x) – .
x 3
Statement-1: The equation f (x) = 0 has a unique solution in the domain of f (x).
because
Statement-2: If f (x) is continuous in [a, b] and is strictly monotonic in (a, b) then f has a unique root in
(a, b)
x7 x6 x5 x 4 x3 x 2
Q.95 Consider the polynomial function f (x) =      x
7 6 5 4 3 2
Statement-1: The equation f (x) = 0 can not have two or more roots.
because
Statement-2: Rolles theorem is not applicable for y = f (x) on any interval [a, b] where a, b  R
Q.96 Consider the functions f (x) = x – sin x and g (x) = x4.
Statement-1 : f (x) is increasing for x > 0 as well as x < 0 and g (x) is increasing for x > 0 and
decreasing for x < 0.
because
Statement-2 : If an odd function is known to be increasing on the interval x > 0 then it is increasing for
x < 0 also and if an even function is increasing for x > 0 then it is decreasing for x < 0.
1
 x cos , x  0
Q.97 Consider the function f (x) =  x in [–1, 1]
 0, x0
Statement-1: LMVT is not applicable to f (x) in the indicated interval.
because
Statement-2: As f (x) is neither continuous nor differentiable in [–1, 1]
Q.98 A function y = f (x) is defined on [0, 4] as
2x if 0  x  1

f (x) =  ( x  2) 2 if 1  x  3
 1 if 3  x  4
For the function y = f (x)
Statement-1: All the three conditions of Rolles Theorem are violated on [0, 4] but still f ' (x) vanishes
at a point in (0, 4).
because
Statement-2: The conditions for Rolles Theorem are sufficient but not necessary.
Q.99 Consider the graph of the function f (x) = x + | x |

Statement–1: The graph of y = f (x) has only one critical point
because
Statement-2: f '(x) vanishes only at one point
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1.
Q.100 Consider the following statements
1
Statement-1: The function f (x) = ln x is increasing in (0, 10) and g (x) = is decreasing in (0,10)
x
because
Statement-2: If a differentiable function increases in the interval (a, b) then its derivative function
decreases in the interval (a, b).
[COMPREHENSION TYPE]
Paragraph for question nos. 101 to 103
 1
x
x ln 1  (1 x )  if 0  x  1
Let f (x) =  1   (x > 0) and g (x) = 
 x 
0 if x  0
Q.101 Lim g ( x )
x 0
(A) is equal to 0 (B) is equal to 1 (C) is equal to e (D) is non existent
Q.102 The function f
(A) has a maxima but no minima (B) has a minima but no maxima
(C) has both a maxima and minima (D) is monotonic
1n
 1 2 3  n  equals
Q.103 Lim  f  · f  · f   ......... f  
n   n n n  n 
(A) 2 e (B) 2e (C) 2 e (D) e

x2
Consider the function f (x) =
x 2 1
Q.104 The interval in which f is increasing is
(A) (–1, 1) (B) (– , – 1)(–1, 0)
(C) (– , ) – {–1, 1} (C) (0, 1)  (1, )
Q.105 If f is defined from R – {–1, 1}  R then f is
(A) injective but not surjective (B) surjective but not injective
(C) injective as well as surjective (D) neither injective nor surjective.
Q.106 f has
(A) local maxima but no local minima (B) local minima but no local maxima
(C) both local maxima and local minima (D) neither local maxima nor local minima.

Consider the cubic f (x) = 8x3 + 4ax2 + 2bx + a where a, b  R.
Q.107 For a = 1 if y = f (x) is strictly increasing  x  R then maximum range of values of b is
 1 1  1 
(A)   , (B)  ,   (C)  ,   (D) (–, )
 3  3  3 
Q.108 For b = 1, if y = f (x) is non monotonic then the sum of all the integral values of a  [1, 100], is
(A) 4950 (B) 5049 (C) 5050 (D) 5047
Q.109 If the sum of the base 2 logarithms of the roots of the cubic f (x) = 0 is 5 then the value of 'a' is
(A) – 64 (B) – 8 (C) – 128 (D) – 256
Suppose you do not know the function f (x), however some information about f (x) is listed below. Read
the following carefully before attempting the questions
(i) f (x) is continuous and defined for all real numbers
(ii) f '(–5) = 0 ; f '(2) is not defined and f '(4) = 0
(iii) (–5, 12) is a point which lies on the graph of f (x)
(iv) f ''(2) is undefined, but f ''(x) is negative everywhere else.
(v) the signs of f '(x) is given below
Q.110 On the possible graph of y = f (x) we have
(A) x = – 5 is a point of relative minima.
(B) x = 2 is a point of relative maxima.
(C) x = 4 is a point of relative minima.
(D) graph of y = f (x) must have a geometrical sharp corner.
Q.111 From the possible graph of y = f (x), we can say that
(A) There is exactly one point of inflection on the curve.
(B) f (x) increases on – 5 < x < 2 and x > 4 and decreases on –  < x < – 5 and 2 < x < 4.
(C) The curve is always concave down.
(D) Curve always concave up.
Q.112 Possible graph of y = f (x) is
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
[MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE TYPE]

Q.113 The function f (x) = x1/3(x – 1)
(A) has 2 inflection points.
(B) is strictly increasing for x > 1/4 and strictly decreasing for x < 1/4.
(C) is concave down in (– 1/2, 0).
(D) Area enclosed by the curve lying in the fourth quadrant is 9 28 .
x y K
Q.114 If  = 1 is a tangent to the curve x = Kt, y = , K > 0 then :
a b t
(A) a > 0, b > 0 (B) a > 0, b < 0 (C) a < 0, b > 0 (D) a < 0, b < 0
x
Q.115 The function f(x) =  1  t 4 dt is such that :
0
(A) it is defined on the interval [ 1, 1] (B) it is an increasing function
(C) it is an odd function (D) the point (0, 0) is the point of inflection
x3 5 x2
Q.116 The co-ordinates of the point(s) on the graph of the function, f(x) =  + 7x - 4 where the
3 2
tangent drawn cut off intercepts from the co-ordinate axes which are equal in magnitude but opposite in
sign, is
(A) (2, 8/3) (B) (3, 7/2) (C) (1, 5/6) (D) none
Q.117 If f(x) = a
a x
sgn x  ; g(x) = a a x
sgn x 

for a > 0, a  1 and x  R, where { } & [ ] denote the
fractional part and integral part functions respectively, then which of the following statements can hold
good for the function h(x), where
(ln a) h(x) = (ln f(x) + ln g(x)).
(A) ‘h’ is even and increasing (B) ‘h’ is odd and decreasing
(C) ‘h’ is even and decreasing (D) ‘h’ is odd and increasing.
Q.118 On which of the following intervals, the function x100 + sin x  1 is strictly increasing.
(A) ( 1, 1) (B) (0, 1) (C) (/2, ) (D) (0, /2)
3 x 2  12 x  1 ,  1  x  2
Q.119 If f (x) =  then :
 37  x , 2x3
(A) f(x) is increasing on [ 1 , 2] (B) f(x) is continuous on [ 1 , 3]
(C) f  (2) does not exist (D) f(x) has the maximum value at x = 2 .
Q.120 Consider the function f (x) = x2 – x sin x – cos x then the statements which holds good, are
(A) f (x) = k has no solution for k < – 1.
(B) f is increasing for x < 0 and decreasing for x > 0.
(C) xLim

f (x)  
(D) The zeros of f (x) = 0 lie on the same side of the origin.
Q.121 Assume that inverse of the function f is denoted by g. Then which of the following statement hold good?
(A) If f is increasing then g is also increasing. (B) If f is decreasing then g is increasing.
(C) The function f is injective. (D) The function g is onto.
Q.122 For the function f (x) = ln (1 – ln x) which of the following do not hold good?
(A) increasing in (0, 1) and decreasing in (1, e) (B) decreasing in (0, 1) and increasing in (1, e)
(C) x = 1 is the critical number for f (x). (D) f has two asymptotes
x2 if x  1
 x2 if  1  x  1
Q.123 The function f (x) = 
 ( x  2) 2 if x  1
(A) is continuous for all x  R
(B) is continuous but not differentiable  x  R
(C) is such that f ' (x) change its sign exactly twice
(D) has two local maxima and two local minima.
   
Q.124 Consider the function f (x) = cos tan 1 sin (cot 1 x ) 2 . Which of the following is correct?
(A) range of f is (0, 1) (B) f is even
(C) f '(0) = 0 (D) the line y = 1 is asymptotes to the graph y = f (x)
Q.125 Equation of a line which is tangent to both the curves y = x2 + 1 and y = – x2 is
1 1 1 1
(A) y = 2 x  (B) y = 2 x  (C) y = – 2 x  (D) y = – 2 x 
2 2 2 2

Q.126 A function f is defined by f (x) =  cos t cos( x  t )dt , 0  x  2 then which of the following hold(s)
0
good?
(A) f (x) is continuous but not differentiable in (0, 2)
(B) Maximum value of f is 
(C) There exists atleast one c  (0, 2) s.t. f ' (c) = 0.

(D) Minimum value of f is – .
2
Q.127 Which of the following inequalities always hold good in (0, 1)
x2
(A) x > tan–1x (B) cos x < 1 –
2
 2 x2
(C) 1 + x ln  x  1  x  > 1 x 2 (D) x – < ln(1 + x)
  2
x 1
Q.128 Let f (x) = then which of the following is correct.
x2
(A) f (x) has minima but no maxima.
(B) f (x) increases in the interval (0, 2) and decreases in the interval (– , 0)  (2, ).
(C) f (x) is concave down in (– , 0)  (0, 3).
(D) x = 3 is the point of inflection.
Q.129 f '' (x) > 0 for all x  [–3, 4], then which of the following are always true?

(A) f (x) has a relative minimum on (–3, 4)
(B) f (x) has a minimum on [–3, 4]
(C) f (x) is concave upwards on [–3, 4]
(D) if f (3) = f (4) then f (x) has a critical point on [–3, 4]
Q.130 Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
(A) If f has domain [0, ) and has no horizontal asymptotes then Lim f ( x ) =  or Lim f ( x ) = –.
x  x 
(B) If f is continuous on [–1, 1] and f (–1) = 4 and f (1) = 3 then there exist a number r such that | r | <1
and f (r) = .
 x 1
(C) Lim arc sin   does not exist.
x   x 
(D) For all values of m  R the line y – mx + m – 1 = 0 cuts the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y + 1 = 0
orthogonally.
ANSWER KEY
[STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE]

Q.1 D Q.2 B Q.3 D Q.4 B Q.5 D
Q.6 B Q.7 C Q.8 C Q.9 B Q.10 A
Q.11 C Q.12 D Q.13 C Q.14 B Q.15 D
Q.16 D Q.17 D Q.18 A Q.19 B Q.20 A
Q.21 C Q.22 A Q.23 D Q.24 D Q.25 A
Q.26 D Q.27 C Q.28 B Q.29 C Q.30 D
Q.31 D Q.32 B Q.33 C Q.34 D Q.35 A
Q.36 A Q.37 C Q.38 B Q.39 C Q.40 B
Q.41 B Q.42 C Q.43 B Q.44 A Q.45 C
Q.46 C Q.47 D Q.48 D Q.49 C Q.50 D
Q.51 D Q.52 C Q.53 B Q.54 A Q.55 C
Q.56 B Q.57 A Q.58 B Q.59 C Q.60 D
Q.61 C Q.62 B Q.63 B Q.64 C Q.65 B
Q.66 B Q.67 A Q.68 B Q.69 A Q.70 B
Q.71 C Q.72 A Q.73 A Q.74 A Q.75 A
Q.76 C Q.77 A Q.78 B Q.79 A Q.80 C
Q.81 D Q.82 A Q.83 A Q.84 D Q.85 B
Q.86 C Q.87 B Q.88 B Q.89 C Q.90 C
Q.91 D
[REASONING TYPE]
Q.92 C Q.93 A Q.94 C Q.95 A Q.96 A
Q.97 C Q.98 A Q.99 D Q.100 C
[COMPREHENSION TYPE]
Q.101 A Q.102 D Q.103 D Q.104 B Q.105 D
Q.106 A Q.107 C Q.108 B Q.109 D Q.110 D
Q.111 C Q.112 C
[MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE TYPE]

Q.113 A,B,C,D Q.114 A,D Q.115 A,B,C,D Q.116 A,B
Q.117 B,D Q.118 B,C,D Q.119 B,C,D Q.120 A,C
Q.121 A,C,D Q.122 A,B,C Q.123 A,B,D Q.124 B,C,D
Q.125 A,C Q.126 C,D Q.127 A,C,D Q.128 B, C, D
Q.129 B, C, D Q.130 B, C, D

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Best Approach

(c) Length of Normal (PN) = y1 1  f ( x1 )2 (d) Length of Subnormal (MN) = y1 f ' (x1)

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Paragraph for Question No. 16 to 17

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Comprehension (Q.19 to Q. 20)

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Q.59 Let the function f : (0,  )   be defined by f ( )  (sin   cos  ) 2  (sin   cos  ) 4 .

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Q.11 4 2 m Q.12 1/ cu m Q.13 110 ' , 70 ' Q.14 6/(6 + )

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[STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE]

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(A) 1 (B) 0 (C)  3 (D) –1

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Paragraph for question nos. 101 to 103

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Paragraph for question nos. 104 to 106

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[MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE TYPE]

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[STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE]

[MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE TYPE]

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