Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

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Materials Today: Proceedings

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Wear analysis of woven glass / nanofiller fiber reinforced hybrid

composites
R. Ramkumar a,⇑, R. Prabu a, V. Yamunadevi b, P. Saravanan a, P. Ganeshan c
a
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College, Namakkal 637 503, Tamil Nadu, India
b
Department of Mechanical Engineering, AMET University, Chennai 603112, Tamil Nadu, India
c
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Virudhunagar 626115, Tamil Nadu, India

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: This article primarily investigates the tribological behavior of the hybrid nanocomposite subjected to
Received 5 October 2020 wear analysis. The hybrid nanocomposite laminates were prepared using woven roven glass reinforced
Accepted 19 October 2020 in epoxy resin matrix, in which the nano Cerium(IV)-Zirconium(IV)Oxide was used as filling material.
Available online xxxx
The influence of the nano particle content was studied by varying the weight percentage of nanoparticle
(0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt%). The mechanical stirring was employed for better dispersion of nanoparticle in the
Keywords: matrix. These laminate was performed with wear analysis by using pin-on-disc arrangement, with speci-
Nanoparticle
fic load, velocity and sliding distance value. It is visible that the wear was minimized on the addition of
Thermoset
Glass fiber
the nanoparticle. When fibious quantity of nano particle (1 wt%) included, the specific wear rate was min-
HRSEM imized upto 65%. The homogenously dispersed nano Cerium(IV)-Zirconium(IV)Oxide reduced the wear
Tribology properties abrasives. The high resolution HRSEM and microscopic images were used to examine the morphology
of the hybrid nanocomposite.
Ó 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Emerging Trends in
Materials Science, Technology and Engineering.

1. Introduction
Hybrid polymer nanocomposite have been extensively devel-
oped in recent and has its application in wide areas. Epoxy ther-
moset resin exhibit an attractive option due to its distinvtive
mechanical and tribological properties. It has its application in var-
ious aspects such as structural, surface coatings, etc [1–3]. The
glass fiber reinforced hybrid polymer nanocomposite is applied
in aerospace, automotive industries, marine and sporting goods.
They are advantageous because of its light weight ratio, low cost,
easy flexibility, high durability, etc [4].
The particles in nanometer scale are used as fillers into the
matrix system in minimum quantity [5]. The use of nanoparticle
improves and toughens hybrid composite due to its better applica-
tion property. Cerium(IV)-zirconium(IV) oxide nanoparticle is a
mixed metal oxide which combines property of both metals
[6,7]. It is beneficial for its superior properties such as strength,
thermal stability, corrosion resistant, etc. [8]. This makes the inclu-
sion of metal oxide into fiber reinforced polymer composite prof-
⇑ Corresponding author.
E-mail address: ram20gb@gmail.com (R. Ramkumar).
itable. The fiber reinforced polymer has its application in areas
which is subjected to wear. This paves importance for the analysis
of tribological behavior of prepared hybrid nanocomposite. Suresh
et al. [9] investigated the tirbo behavior of hybrid composites.
Lower coefficient of friction when nanoparticle is added. They
imposed the significance of nanoparticle in sliding wear modifica-
tion of fiber reinforced polymer composite [10]. Wear property of
fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulphide by adding 2 vol% of
nano-CuO [11]. Impact of adding TiO2 on the rate of wear. It was
explained that wear parameters were reduced at high pressure
and volume [12]. Wear rate of the chopped glass fiber reinforced
polymer [13–15]. Operating conditions such as sliding speed, nor-
mal loads and sliding distance for different orientation was studied
[16–18]. From the literature survey, much work was done on tribo-
logical behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer, but less for
woven roving glass fiber reinforced epoxy nanocomposite.
Therefore, the current study focus on the investigstion of wear
analysis for woven roving glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite
and nano Cerium(IV)-Zirconium(IV)Oxide as filler. The effects of
nanoparticle is analysed for specified load, velocity and sliding dis-
tance values. FESEM and optical microscope image is used for mor-
phological analysis.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.577
2214-7853/Ó 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Emerging Trends in Materials Science, Technology and Engineering.

Please cite this article as: R. Ramkumar, R. Prabu, V. Yamunadevi et al., Wear analysis of woven glass / nanofiller fiber reinforced hybrid composites, Mate-
rials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.577
R. Ramkumar, R. Prabu, V. Yamunadevi et al.
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
Woven roving glass fiber type was purchased. Epoxy resin
Diglycidylether bisphenol-A (DGEBA) with tri-ethylene
tetraamine(TETA)-HY951 has been used. The cerium(IV)-
zirconium(IV) oxide nanoparticle has been used as filler into the
matrix.
2.2. Sample preparation
Nanocomposites 300  300  3 mm3 are prepared by manual
processing. The woven mat of required size was used as reinforce-
ment. The cerium(IV)-zirconium(IV) oxide are used as additional
material in resin. Initially, the nanoparticle is dispersed in matrix.
The nanoparticle has been added to the resin and mixed for
120 min at 750 rpm. Mechanical stirring was carried out inorder
to ensure homogenous dispersion nanoparticle. The above made-
composite has been dried for one day time. This research investi-
gates composites with nanoparticle (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%) of various
composition.
2.3. Micrograph study
The micrograph study was performed in Field emission scan-
ning electron microscope (FESEM) of make F E I Quanta FEG 200.
The sample was gold plated before subjecting. Optical microscope
image is studied of the worn-out surfaces.
2.4. Wear analysis
A pin-on-disk is carried for wear analysis with ASTM-G99 stan-
dard. It was weighed in electronic balance and the sample is fixed
on the specimen holder. 2.5 kg, 3 m/s and 6000 m specifications at
25 °C is fixed. The reduction in mass was calculated for composite
sample which was subjected to wear loss.
Fig. 1. HRSEM images (a) 1 wt% nanoparticle (b) 1.5 wt% nanoparticle.
2
Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Micrograph analysis
To uncover the dissemination of nano material into resin frame-
work, FESEM examination was carried. From Fig. 1(a) obviously the
nanoparticle is scattered consistently into grid relatively. Fig. 1(b)
implies the agglomerating nano particle and henceforth ill-
advised circulation.
3.2. Wear analysis
Wear happens in the pin-on-plate arrangement. The particular
wear pace of epoxy nanocomposites at different synthesis of
nanoparticle are plotted in Fig. 2. The slick hybrid composite
demonstrated wear pace of 1.3  10 4 mm3/Nm. Fig. 2(a-b) signi-
fies the wear of flawless hybrid material that had gone through
profound rubs and can be recommended as rough wear. On expan-
sion of nanoparticle, the wear rate will in general diminish. The
base explicit wear pace of 0.4  10 4 mm3/Nm has been observed
for 1 wt% of nanoparticle content. Fig. 2(c-d) plainly shows least
scratches similarly. The wear rate expanded on additional option
of nanoparticle into framework because of combination develop-
ment. The conglomerated nanoparticles will in general drop out
effectively when wear has been given and frames little cavities
thus expanding wear rate. Fig. 3 exhibits the wear with such holes.
Therefore, wear rate is decreased on expansion of ideal estimation
of nanoparticle into framework.
4. Conclusion
The woven wandering strengthened hybrid composite in which
nano (CeO2)
(ZrO2) utilized as filler is readied. The examples are
exposed to wear examination. The base wear is gotten for test lam-
inate with weight level of 1%. HRSEM and magnifying instrument
pictures uncover to help wear examination. It very well may be
inferred that readied mix of polymer nanocomposite is reasonable
for application in aviation, car parts and structures which are
exposed to high wear trash.
R. Ramkumar, R. Prabu, V. Yamunadevi et al.
Fig. 2. Worn surfaces (a) neat epoxy (b) 0.5 wt% nanoparticle (c) 1 wt% nanoparticle (d) 1.5 wt% nanoparticle.
Fig. 3. Composites with varying nanoparticle showing wear rate.
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-
cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared
to influence the work reported in this paper.
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