344 Master the TOEFL Test SECTION 3 READING COMPREHENSION Time—55 minutes Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by questions about it. Choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), for each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the oval that correspondsto the letier of youransWwer choice. Answer all questions based on what is stated or implied in the reading passage. Read the following passage: ‘A new hearing device is now available for some hearing-impaired people. This device uses a magnet to hold the ‘detachable sound-processing portion in place. Like other aids, it converts sound into vibrations. But itis unique in thatit can transmit the vibrations directly to the magnet and then to the inner ear. This produces a clearer sound. The new device will not help all hearing-impaired people—only those with a hearing loss caused by infection or sorhe other problem in the middle ear. It will probably help no more than 20 percent of all people with hearing problems. “Those people who have persistent ear infections, however, should find relief and restored hearing withthe new device What isthe author's main purpose? (A) To describe a new cure for er infections (B) To inform the reader of anew device (C) To urge doctors to use a new device (D) Toexplain the use of a magnet Deon ‘The author's main purpose is to inform the reader of a new device for hearing-impaired people. Therefore, you should choose answer (B). ‘The word “relief” in the last sentence means: (A) Less distress (B) Assistance (©) Distraction (D) Relaxation eDoD ‘The phrase “less distress” is similar in meaning to “relief” in this sentence. Therefore, you should choose answer (A). Now begin with the questions.o 0 Practice Test 5 345 Questions 1 to 12 are based on the following Passage: Lead poisoning in children is a major health concern. Both low and high doses of paint can have serious effects. Children exposed to high doses of lead often, suffer permanent nerve damage, mental retardation, blindness, and even death. Low doses of lead can lead to mild mental retardation, short attention spans. dis- tractiblity, poor academic performance, and behav- ioral problems. ‘This is not a new concem. As early as 1904, lead poisoning in children was linked to lead-based paint. Microscopic lead particles from paint are absorbed into 1, What is the main topic of the passage? a) @) © © Problems with household paint Major health concems for children Lead poisoning in children Lead paint in older homes 2. Which part of the passage discusses symptoms and consequences of lead poisoning? (A). Lines 3-8 (B) Lines 9-13 (©) Lines 16-20 (D) Lines 20-21 3. ‘The phrase “exposed to” in line 3 could best be replaced by which of the following? a ®) © o Familiar with In contact with Displaying Conducting 4. Asused inline 4, which ofthe following isclosest in meaning to the word "suffer"? (A) Experience (B) Reveal (©) Feel pain from ©) Grieve with the bloodstream when children ingest flakes of chipped paint, plaster, or paint dust from sanding. Lead can also center the body through household dust, nail biting, (15) thumb sucking, or chewing on toys and other objects painted with lead-based paint, Although American paint companies today must comply with strict regulations regarding the amount of lead used in their paint, this source of lead poisoning is still the most common and. (20) most dangerous. Children living in older, dilapidated houses are particularly at risk. ‘5. Which of the following does the passage infer? (A) Paint companies can no longer use lead in their paint (B) Paint companies aren't required to limit the amount of lead used in their paint (©) Paint companies must limit the amount of lead used in their paint. (D) Paint companies have always followed restrictions regarding the amount of lead used in their paint. 6. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “linked to” in line 102 (A) Endorsed by (B) Threatened by (©) Combined with (D) Associated with 7. The word “absorbed” in line 11 could best be replaced by: (A). Fixed (B) Assimilated (©) Soaked (D) Accepted 4 4 [GO ON TOTHENEXT PAGEMaster the TOEFL Test 8, Whereis the best place in the passage to add the following sentence? Older, run-downhouses commonly have chipped, flaking paint and are more likely to have been painted with lead-based paint. (A) Inline 1 after the words “health concem” In line 8 after the word “problems” Tmnline 9 after the words “new concer” In line 21 after the word “risk” @) © @) 9. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “chipped” as used in line 12? (A) Fragmented (B) Canned (©) Sprayed (D) Unhealthy 10. In line 20, the word “dilapidated” is closest in ‘meaning to which of the following? (A) Poorly painted (B) Unpainted (© Fallen down () Broken down Questions 13 to 24 are based on the following passage: Although they are an inexpensive supplier of vitamins, ‘minerals, and high-quality protein, eggs also contain a high level of blood cholesterol, one ofthe major causes of heart disease. One egg yolk, infact, contains a litle (5) more than two-thirds ofthe suggested daily cholesterol limit. This knowledge has caused egg sales to plummet in recent years, which in tun has brought about the development of several alternatives to eating regular eggs. One alternatives toeat substitute eggs. These egg (10) substitutes are not really eggs, but they look somewhat like eggs when they are cooked. They have the advan- tage of having lower cholesterol rates, and they can be scrambled or used in baking. One disadvantage, how- ever, is that they are not good for frying, poaching, or (a5) boiling, A second alternative to regular eggs is a new type of egg, sometimes called “designer” eggs. These eggs are produced by hens that are fed low-fat diets ‘consisting of ingredients such as canola oil, flax, and rice bran. In spite of their diets, however, these hens 11. According to the passage, what is the most com- ‘mon source of lead poisoning in children? (A) Household dust (B) _Lead-based paint (©) Painted toys (D)_Dilapidated houses 12, What does the author imply in the final sentence of the passage? (A) Lead-based paint chips off more ‘easily than newer paints, Poor people did not comply with the regulations. (Old homes were painted with lead- based paint. ‘Old homes need to be rebuilt in order tobe safe for children. B) © © (20) produce eggs that contain the same amount of choles- terol as regular eggs. Yet, the producers of these eges claim that eating their eggs will not raise the blood cholesterol in humans. Egg producers claim that their product has been (25) portrayed unfairly. They cite scientific studies to back up their claim. And, in fact, studies on the relationship betweeneggs and human cholesterol levels have brought mixed results. Itmay be that itis not the type of egg that is the main determinant of cholesterol, but the person (20) who is eating the eggs. Some people may be more sensitive to cholesterol derived from food than other people. Infact, there is evidence that certain dietary fats stimulate the body's production of blood cholesterol. ‘Consequently, while it stil makes sense to limit one's (35) intake of eggs, even designer eggs, it seems that doing this without regulating dietary fat will probably not help reduce the blood cholesterol level.13, What is the main purpose of this passage? Y (A). To inform people about the relation- ship betwgen eggs and cholesterol (B) Tofconvince people to eat “designer” eggs and egg substitutes (C)_ To persuade people that exgs are unhealthy and should not be eaten (D) To introduce the idea that dietary fat increases the blood cholesterol level 14. Which lines of the passage best explain why egg producers have introduced egg substitutes? M(A). Lines 1-9) (B) Lines 9-11 (©) Lines 24-28 (D) Lines 34-37 15, According tothe passage, which ofthe following. is a cause of heart disease? (A) Minerals “(B) Cholesterol (©) Vitamins (D) Canola oil 16, Asused in line 10, which of the following could best replace the word "somewhat"? (A) Indefinitely (B) Infact XO) Alte (D) Alot 17. According tothe passage, whathas beenthe cause for changes in the sale of exes? (A) Dietary changes in hens (B) Decreased production (©) Increasing price «(D) Concems about cholesterol 18, 19, 20. 21 22, 23, Practice Test 5 347 According to the passage, one egg yolk contains approximately what fraction of the suggested daily limit for human consumption of choles- terol? a) 18 @) 12 C) 28 >) 34 14 As used in line 22, the word “claim” means: (A) Guarantee (B) Assert (© Deny (D) Confirm The word “portrayed” in line 25 could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) Described (B) Studied (©) Destroyed (D) Tested AS used in lines 25-26, what is the meaning of the phrase “back up"? (A) Reverse (B) Advance (©) Support (D) Block ‘What does the autor mean by the phrase “mixed results” inline 282 (A) The results are blended. (B) The results are inconclusive. (C)_ The results are a composite of things. (D) The results are mingled together. According to the passage, egg substitutes cannot beusedtomake any of the following typesofeges EXCEPT: (A) Scrambled (B) Fried (©) Poached (D) Boiled E>348 Master the TOEFL Test 24, According to the author, which of the following ‘may reduce blood cholesterol? (A) Reducing egg intake but not fat intake (B) Increasing egg intake and fat intake (©) Increasing egg intake but not fat intake (D) Decreasing egg intake and fat intake Questions 25 to 36 are based on the following passage: ‘A team of Russian scientists has challenged the theory (10) possibility is that they adapted to their confined sur- thatthe woolly mammoths became extinct 10,000 years _roundings by decreasing their bulk. This theory is based ago at the end of the Ice Age. The scientists have on their smaller tooth size, which has led scientists to reported thatthe beasts may have survived until 2000 believe that they were only 6 feet tall atthe shoulder, (s).c8, on an island off the coast of Siberia, where compared with 10 feet of their full-sized counterpart. researchers uncovered 29 fossilized woolly marimoth 5) But would this be enough to enable them to survive teeth ranging in age from 4,000 to 7,000 years. The thousands of years beyond that of other mammoths? ‘question to be asked now is, how did these prehistoric Researchers are still working to uncover the reasons for pachyderms survive in their island environment? One this isolated group's belated disappearance. 25, With which topic is this passage mainly con- 28, The word “uncovered as used inline 6s closest cemed? in meaning to which ofthe following? (A) Some scientists have challenged a (A). Unearthed ieary) (B) Unburdened (B) Some small teeth have been discov- (©) Undisturbed baa (D) Unfolded (©) Some mammoths lived longer than others. 29. The word “adapted” in line 10 could best be (D) Some pachyderms survived on an replaced with: island. (A) Leapt 26, According to the passage, some researchers sug Cee {gest that mammoths became extinct: (©) Revealed (A) About 2,000 years ago (D) Accommodated (©) = Abst 4000 yeas 690 30. In line 10, the word “confined” could best be (©) About 7,000 years ago replaced by: (D) About 10,000 years ago (A) Imprisoned 27. The word “woolly” as used in this passage refers Os Seaey to the animal's: (© Restricted (A). Body size (©) Fenced @) Feet size © Hair (D) Teeth iPractice Test 5 349 31. ‘The author uses the word “counterpart” in line 14 to refer to: a) ®) © © ‘Mammoths with more feet Mammoths in an earlier time ‘Mammoths with smaller teeth Larger mammoths on the island 32. The word “enable” in line 15 could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) Authorize (B) Enjoin (©) Undertake (D) Allow 33. ‘The word “belated” in line 18 is closest in mean- ing to which of the following? (A) Delayed (B) Early (©) Sudden (D) Gradual Questions 37 to 48 are based on the following passage: The rules of etiquette in American restaurants depend ‘upon a numberof factors: the physical location ofthe restaurant (that is, rural or urban} the type of restaurant (that is, informal or formal); and certain standards that (s) are more universal. In other words, some standards of etiquette vary significantly, while other standards apply almost anywhere. Leaming the proper etiquette in a particular type of restaurant in « particular area may sometimes require instruction, but more commonly it 10) simply requires sensitivity and experience. For ex- ample, while itis acceptable to read a magazine in a 37. With what topic is this passage primarily con- cerned? “ (B) © ©) Rules of etiquette Instruction in proper etiquette ‘The importance of good manners Variable and universal standards of, etiquette 34, According to the scientists, the woolly mam- ‘moths may have managed to survive because they: “ 8) © © Shed their hi Grew smaller teeth Became herbivores Decreased in size 35. According to the passage, the reason for the disappearance of the mammoths on the island is = a“ B) © ©) ‘That the temperature changed Is not yet known, ‘That they were isolated ‘That larger mammoth killed them 36. Which ofthe following terms from the passage is NOT used to refer to the mammoths? “ ® © o Beasts Pachyderms Bulk Group coffee shop, itis inappropriate todo the same in a more luxurious setting. And, if you are eating in a very rustic setting, it may be fine totuck your napkin into your shir. (15) but if you are in a sophisticated urban restaurant, this behavior would demonstrate alack of manners. Itis safe to say, however, that in virtually every restaurant it is ‘unacceptable to indiscriminately throw your food on the floor. The conclusion we can most likely draw from the (20) above is that while the types and locations of restaurants determine etiquette appropriate to them, some rules apply to all restaurants 38, According tothe passage, which ofthe following. is a universal rule of etiquette? “ ®) © Oy [60 ON TO THE NEXT PAGE Tucking a napkin in your shirt Not throwing food on the floor Reading a magazine at a coffee shop Eating in rustic settings350 Master the TOEFL Test 39, What does the word “it” refer to in line 9? 44, The word “manners” in line 16 could best be (A) Leaming the proper etiquette replaced by which of the following? (B) Clear instruction (A) Experience (C)_ Knowing the type of restaurant (B) Character (D) Sensitivity (© Ceremony (D) Tact 40. Which of the following could best replace the ‘word “luxurious” in line 13? 45, The author uses the phrase "safe to say" in ine 16 (A) Lurid in order to demonstrate thatthe idea is: (B) Austere (A) Somewhat innocent (© Blegant (B) Quite certain (D) Romantic (©) Very clever (©) Commonly reported 41, Which ofthe following words is most similar to the meaning of “rustic” inline 13? 46, ‘The word “indiscriminately” inline 18 could best (A) Agricultural, be replaced by which of the following? (B) Ancient (A) Randomly (©) Unsophisticated (B) Angrily (©) Urban (©) Noisily (D)_Destructively 42. Where isthe best place in the passage to add the following sentence? 47. The author uses the word “draw” in line 19 to Although one might assume that dining etiquette mean: is similar in all restaurants ofa given culture this (A). Pick out is not necessarily rue. (B) Dragaway (A) Inline 1 before the first sentence (©) Evoke (B) Inline 13 after the word “setting” (D) infer (©) Inline 16 after the word “manners” (D) Inline 22 after the word “restau- 48, What is the author's main purpose in this pas- rants” sage? (A) To assist people in learning sophisti- 43. ‘The word “sophisticated” inline 15 could best be cated manners replaced by: (B) To describe variations in restaurant (A) Expensive manners (B) Cultured (C) To simplify rules of restaurant (© Famous etiquette (D) Exclusive (D) To compare sophisticated and rustic restaurants.Practice Test 5 351 ‘Questions 49 to 60 are based on the following passage: Marian Anderson's brilliant singing career began atage _Anderson’s beautiful contralto voice broke down racial (6 when she sang spirituals at the Union Baptist Church barriers, showing white Americans that blacks had a inher hometown of Philadelphia. She toured Europe in _ profound contribution to make to America's cultural the 1920s, drawing vast acclaim; however, when she (15) life. Eventually, in 1955, she becamesthe first African- (6) returned to the United States, she was still barred from American singer to perform at New York's Metropoli- performing on the American operatic stage. After she tan Opera. In her many years of touring, she had to | was prevented from singing in Washington's segre- _ endure aracism that forced her to enter concerthalls and {gated Constitution Hall in 1939, Eleanor Roosevelt hotels through service entrances. Her grace under this intervened and arranged for Miss Anderson to perform (20) stress showed a moral perseverance that paralleled that (10) a the Lincoln Memorial. A crovtd of 75,000 people of the famous Martin Luther King, Jr. ‘came to watch her sing before the Memorial. Marian = 49, We can conclude from the passage that Marian 53. In line 11, the word “intervened” means that Anderson firsttoured Europe instead ofthe United Eleanor Roosevelt: 1 ee (A) Got up (A) _Itwas too expensive to tour in the (B) Took in United States ora (B) She was paid more in Europe ©) Seppedia (©) She was not allowed to perform in the United States, ‘54, Inline 12, the phrase “broke down ... barriers” (D) There were better operatic facilites means in Burope (A) Disclosed opportunities (B) Shattered obstacles 50, The word “vast in line 4 could best be replaced bela naats ene emia (©). Revealed inaccuracies (a) Wi () Analyzed destinations Cee) 5. In line 14, the word “profound” could best be (© Enthusiastic replaced by: (D)_ Respectable (A). Broad 51. ‘The word “barred” inline S could best be replaced eee by which ofthe following? (©) Fullsize (A) Purged () Spacious @) Released 56, Where isthe best place in the passage to add the (©) Prohibited following sentence? (©) Overpowered Strict segregation laws were in force at the time, keeping many black performers out of excli- ‘52. The significance of Anderson's Lincoln Memo- sively white theaters and concert halls. al peor wea (A) Inline 6 after the word “stage” AS15000 pecele come: (B) Inline 10 after the word “Memorial” 7 oo wes 2 black pete (C) Inline 17 after the word “Opera” CO) Bienes Roceeyel means (D) Inline 21 after the words “King, Jr.” (D) Her contralto voice was beautiful352 Master the TOEFL Test ‘57. The word"grace” inline 19is similarin meaning _$9, The author's tone in this passage is: to which of the following? (A) Instructive (A) Awkwardness (B) Critical ®) Cruelty © Respectful (©) Elegance (D) Regretful (D) Sainttiness : (60. In line 19, what does the word “this” refer to? '58, According! the passage, what did Marian Ander- (A) Touring for many years oa a oe (B) Racist attitudes toward her (A). Moral perseverance (©) Performing before thousands of hanes (D) Being ike Martin Luther King, J. (©) A performance atthe Lincoln Memorial (D) Singing in church END OF TEST 5. IF YOU HAVE ANY WORK IN THIS SECTION ONLY. DO ‘SECTION OF THE TEST. TIME LEFT, NT WO!