Title : Isolation of genomic DNA from bacteria, onion, spleen or liver and blood through the

steps of cell lysis, removal of cell lipids and protein followed by precipitation of the DNA to
determine its purity by nanodrop spectrophotometer.
Objectives:
1. To master the correct mechanisms of extraction of genomic DNA.
3. To determine the function of materials used in the whole experiment

4. To extract genomic DNA from living cells in onion, bacteria, blood and liver.

5. To effectively isolate and purify DNA from living cells in onion, bacteria, blood and liver.

Introduction

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) extraction is a technique that is used to isolate DNA from a
biological sample. In the process, DNA is separated from membranes, proteins and other cellular
materials from the retrieved sample cell. DNA extracting plays an important role in studying the
genetic causes of certain diseases. DNA extracting is also essential in the development of drugs
and diagnostics. Furthermore, forensic scientists also use DNA extraction to extract DNA from
the evidence left at the scene.

DNA extraction can be said that it is one of the parts of DNA analysis that requires the most
labor as it requires many steps and time to be completed. The DNA extraction process requires
careful handling of biological material to prevent sample contamination and crossover. After
DNA is successfully extracted, it needs to undergo gel electrophoresis, a technique which
enables the DNA molecules to be view. Since nucleic acids are negatively charged, therefore
electric current is applied to attract DNA molecules from cathode to anode. Those DNA
molecules which have larger sizes flow slower than smaller DNA molecules. So after gel
electrophoresis is completed, those larger DNA molecules will remain at the upper side of the
agarose gel while the smaller DNA molecules will remain at the lower side of the gel. DNA
extraction can be categorized into two major groups: chemical-based DNA extraction method
and solid (physical) phase DNA extraction method.