Principles behind the DNA extraction of Bacteria and Fungi

The principles and uses of DNA extraction of bacteria and fungi are generally similar to DNA extraction of other
organisms because there are specific contemplations due to the structural differences between these
microorganisms and different cell types. Hence, it is necessary to note that the choice of methods for DNA
extraction from bacteria and fungi can vary depending on the specific species, cell type, and the downstream
application you plan to use. Moreover, here are the following principles behind the DNA extraction of bacteria
and fungi:
1.) Cell Lysis- bacterial cells possess rigid cell walls or both a cell wall and an outer membrane. These layers
should disrupt the said structure to extract the DNA within the bacterial cell. The commonly utilized methods
are mechanical disruption, enzymatic technique, or detergent-based lysis.
2.) Protein denaturation: it was essential to denature the proteins because it is the correct way to release the
DNA of the sampled microorganism. This is done by pouring detergent into the lysis buffer.
3.) DNA Precipitation: In the two mentioned principles above, DNA can only perform precipitation by adding
salt. As a result, the DNA comes out of the solution and forms a visible pellet.
4.) Centrifugation: the DNA pellet is not similar to any cellular materials but through Centrifugation, the rest of
the cellular materials were separated.
5.) Washing and resuspension: the DNA was washed to remove any contaminants and suspended in an
appropriate buffer for downstream applications.