Deformation of

body
due to force
acting on it
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN
BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 Deformation of body due to force acting on it
Consider a body subjected to a tensile stress
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
We know 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎 =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑃
𝜎= → 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (1)
𝐴

𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒 =
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝛿𝐿
𝑒= → 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (2)
𝐿
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
From Hooke’s law, 𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 (𝐸) =
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛

𝜎
𝐸 = → 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (3)
𝑒
BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 Deformation of body due to force acting on it
Substitute equation (1) and (2) in (3)

𝑃ൗ
𝐸= 𝐴
𝛿𝐿ൗ
𝐿
𝑃𝐿
𝐸=
𝐴 𝛿𝐿

𝑃𝐿
𝛿𝑙 =
𝐴𝐸

𝑷𝑳
𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 (𝜹𝒍) =
𝑨𝑬
BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 Problem 01
A circular cross-sectional bar of diameter 10mm having a length of 1m is subjected by an
axial pull of 10KN. Determine stress, strain and young’s modulus of the material. Change
in length due to load is 0.01mm.

𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒂:

𝑑 = 10 𝑚𝑚 𝑙 = 1𝑚 = 1000 𝑚𝑚
𝑃 = 10 𝑘𝑁 = 10 × 103 𝑁 𝛿𝑙 = 0.01 𝑚𝑚

𝑻𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅:
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎 =?

𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒 =?

𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝐸 =?
BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 ∶
𝑃
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎 =
𝐴
𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 = × 𝑑 2
4
𝛿𝑙
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒 =
𝑙
𝜎
𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝐸 =
𝑒

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 = × 𝑑 2 𝑑 = 10 𝑚𝑚
4

𝜋
𝐴 = × 102
4

𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑨 = 𝟕𝟖. 𝟓𝟒 𝒎𝒎𝟐

𝑃
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎 = 𝑃 = 10 𝑘𝑁 = 10 × 103 𝑁
𝐴
10 × 103
𝜎=
78.54

𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝝈 = 𝟏𝟐𝟕. 𝟑𝟖 𝑵Τ𝒎 𝒎𝟐

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 𝛿𝑙
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒 = 𝛿𝑙 = 0.01 𝑚𝑚
𝑙
0.01 𝑙 = 1𝑚 = 1000 𝑚𝑚
𝑒=
1000

𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒆 = 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓

𝜎
𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝐸 = 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎 = 127.38 𝑁Τ𝑚 𝑚2
𝑒
127.38
𝐸=
1 × 10−5

𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒈′ 𝒔 𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒍𝒖𝒔 𝑬 = 𝟏𝟐𝟕. 𝟑𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝑵Τ𝒎 𝒎𝟐

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 Problem 02
A rectangular bar of 10mm breath and 12 mm depth is having length of 150 mm. It is
subjected to a tensile load of 20 KN. If the young’s modulus is 2 × 105 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 . Determine
the change in length of the bar.

𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒂:
𝑏 = 10 𝑚𝑚 𝑑 = 12 𝑚𝑚 𝑙 = 150 𝑚𝑚
𝑃 = 20 𝑘𝑁 = 20 × 103 𝑁

𝐸 = 2 × 105 𝑁Τ𝑚 𝑚2

𝑻𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅:

𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝛿𝑙 =?

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 ∶

𝜎
𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝐸 =
𝑒

𝑃
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎 =
𝐴

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 = 𝑙 × 𝑏

𝛿𝑙
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒 =
𝑙

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 = 𝑙 × 𝑏 𝑙 = 150 𝑚𝑚
𝑏 = 10 𝑚𝑚
𝐴 = 10 × 12

𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑨 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐

𝑃
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎 = 𝑃 = 20 𝑘𝑁 = 20 × 103 𝑁
𝐴
20 × 103
𝜎=
120

𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝝈 = 𝟏𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟔 𝑵Τ𝒎 𝒎𝟐

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 𝜎
𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝐸 =
𝑒 𝐸 = 2 × 105 𝑁Τ𝑚 𝑚2
166.66
2× 105 = 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎 = 166.66 𝑁Τ𝑚 𝑚2
𝑒
𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒆 = 𝟖. 𝟑𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒

𝛿𝑙
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒 = 𝑙 = 150 𝑚𝑚
𝑙

𝛿𝑙
8.33 × 10−4 =
150

𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒂𝒓 𝜹𝒍 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 Problem 03
Determine the diameter of the circular bar if the bar is having a length of 1m subjected to
a tensile load of 10KN. The young’s modulus of the material is 2 × 105 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 and the
elongation of the material is 0.001mm.

𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒂:

𝑙 = 1 𝑚 = 1000 𝑚𝑚
𝑃 = 10 𝑘𝑁 = 10 × 103 𝑁

𝐸 = 2 × 105 𝑁Τ𝑚 𝑚2 𝛿𝑙 = 0.001 𝑚𝑚

𝑻𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅:

𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑 =?
BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 ∶

𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 = × 𝑑 2
4

𝑃
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎 =
𝐴

′
𝜎
𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝐸 =
𝑒

𝛿𝑙
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒 =
𝑙

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝛿𝑙 𝛿𝑙 = 0.001 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒 =
𝑙
𝑙 = 1 𝑚 = 1000 𝑚𝑚
0.001
𝑒=
1000

𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒆 = 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔

𝜎
𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝐸 = 𝐸 = 2 × 105 𝑁Τ𝑚 𝑚2
𝑒
𝜎
2× 105 =
1 × 10−6

𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝝈 = 𝟎. 𝟐 𝑵Τ𝒎 𝒎𝟐
BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 𝑃
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎 = 𝑃 = 10 𝑘𝑁 = 10 × 103 𝑁
𝐴
10 × 103 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎 = 0.2 𝑁Τ𝑚 𝑚2
0.2 =
𝐴

𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑨 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐

𝜋
50000 = × 𝑑 2
4

𝑑 = 252.31 𝑚𝑚

𝑫𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒅 = 𝟐𝟓𝟐. 𝟑𝟏 𝒎𝒎

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 Problem 04
A bar of 30mm diameter is subjected to a pull of 60KN. The measured extension on gauge
length of 200mm is 0.1 mm and change in diameter is 0.004mm. Calculate (i) Young’s
modulus, (ii) Poisson’s Ratio and (iii) Bulk modulus.

𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒂:
𝑑 = 30 𝑚𝑚 𝑙 = 200 𝑚𝑚 𝛿𝑙 = 0.1 𝑚𝑚
𝛿𝑑 = 0.004 𝑚𝑚 𝑃 = 60 𝑘𝑁 = 60 × 103 𝑁
𝑻𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅:
𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝐸 =?

𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝜇 =?

𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑘 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝐾 =? BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 ∶
′
𝜎
𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝐸 =
𝑒
𝑃 𝜋
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 = × 𝑑 2
𝐴 4
𝛿𝑙
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒 =
𝑙
𝑒𝑡
𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝜇 =
𝑒𝑙
𝛿𝑑
𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑡 =
𝑑
𝛿𝑙
𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑙 =
𝑙
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔’𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 (𝐸), 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 (𝐾) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑛’𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 (µ) 𝑖𝑠
BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝐸 = 3𝐾(1 − 2𝜇)
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝛿𝑙
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒 = 𝛿𝑙 = 0.1 𝑚𝑚
𝑙
0.1 𝑙 = 200 𝑚𝑚
𝑒=
200

𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒆 = 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒

𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 = × 𝑑 2 𝑑 = 30 𝑚𝑚
4
𝜋
𝐴 = × 302
4

𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑨 = 𝟕𝟎𝟔. 𝟖𝟓𝟖 𝒎𝒎𝟐

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 𝑃
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎 = 𝑃 = 60 𝑘𝑁 = 60 × 103 𝑁
𝐴
60 × 103 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 = 706.858 𝑚𝑚2
𝜎=
706.858

𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝝈 = 𝟖𝟒. 𝟖𝟖𝟐 𝑵Τ𝒎 𝒎𝟐

𝜎
𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝐸 = 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒 = 5 × 10−4
𝑒
84.882
𝐸=
5 × 10−4

𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒈′ 𝒔 𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒍𝒖𝒔 𝑬 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟗𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝑵Τ𝒎 𝒎𝟐

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 𝛿𝑑
𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑡 = 𝛿𝑑 = 0.004 𝑚𝑚
𝑑
𝑑 = 30 𝑚𝑚
0.004
𝑒𝑡 =
30

𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒆𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒

𝛿𝑙
𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑙 = 𝛿𝑙 = 0.1 𝑚𝑚
𝑙
0.1 𝑙 = 200 𝑚𝑚
𝑒𝑙 =
200

𝑳𝒐𝒏𝒈𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒆𝒍 = 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 ′
𝑒𝑡
𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝜇 = 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑡 = 1.33 × 10−4
𝑒𝑙
1.33 × 10−4 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑙 = 5 × 10−4
𝜇=
5 × 10−4

𝑷𝒐𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏′ 𝒔 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 𝝁 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔

𝐸 = 3𝐾 1 − 2𝜇 𝐸 = 1.697 × 105 𝑁Τ𝑚 𝑚2

1.697 × 105 = 3𝐾 1 − 2 × 0.26

𝑩𝒖𝒍𝒌 𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒍𝒖𝒔 𝑲 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝑵Τ𝒎 𝒎𝟐

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Problem 05
The following data refer to a mild steel specimen in a laboratory.
Diameter of the specimen = 25mm
Length of the specimen = 300mm
Extension of bar under load of 15KN= 0.045mm
Load at yield point = 127.65KN
Maximum load = 208.60KN
Length of specimen at failure = 375mm
Neck diameter = 17.75mm
Determine Young’s modulus, yield point stress, ultimate stress, percentage elongation,
percentage reduction in area, safe stress with Factor of safety of 2.
BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒂:

𝑑 = 25 𝑚𝑚 𝑙 = 300 𝑚𝑚 𝑃 = 15 𝑘𝑁 = 15 × 103 𝑁

𝑙 = 300 𝑚𝑚 𝛿𝑙 = 0.045 𝑚𝑚 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑃𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = 127.65 𝐾𝑁 = 127.65 × 103 𝑁

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 208.6 𝐾𝑁 = 208.6 × 103 𝑁 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 375 𝑚𝑚

𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑1 = 17.75 𝑚𝑚 𝐹𝑂𝑆 = 2

𝑻𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅:

𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔’𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 =? 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = ? 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = ?

𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = ? 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ?

𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 =? BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 ∶
′
𝜎
𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝐸 =
𝑒
𝑃
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎 =
𝐴
𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 = × 𝑑 2
4
𝛿𝑙
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒 =
𝑙

𝑃𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 =
𝐴

𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑈𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 =
𝐴
BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ − 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = × 100%
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 − 𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = × 100%
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎

𝜋
𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴1 = × 𝑑12
4

𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑦 𝐹𝑂𝑆 =
𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 = × 𝑑 2 𝑑 = 25 𝑚𝑚
4
𝜋
𝐴 = × 252
4
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑨 = 𝟒𝟗𝟎. 𝟖𝟕 𝒎𝒎𝟐

𝑃 𝑃 = 15 𝑘𝑁 = 15 × 103 𝑁
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎 =
𝐴
15 × 103
𝜎=
490.87

𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝝈 = 𝟑𝟎. 𝟓𝟓 𝑵Τ𝒎 𝒎𝟐

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 𝛿𝑙
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒 = 𝛿𝑙 = 0.045 𝑚𝑚
𝑙
𝑙 = 300 𝑚𝑚
0.045
𝑒=
300
𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒆 = 𝟏. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒

𝜎 𝜎 = 30.55 𝑁Τ𝑚 𝑚2
𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝐸 =
𝑒
30.55
𝐸=
1.5 × 10−4

𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒈′ 𝒔 𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒍𝒖𝒔 𝑬 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝑵Τ𝒎 𝒎𝟐

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 𝑃𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑃𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = 127.65 𝐾𝑁 = 127.65 × 103 𝑁
𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 =
𝐴
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 = 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
127.65 × 103
𝜎𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 =
490.87

𝒀𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝝈𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟕 𝑵Τ𝒎 𝒎𝟐

𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑈𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 208.6 𝐾𝑁 = 208.6 × 103 𝑁
𝐴

208.6 × 103
𝜎𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 =
490.87

𝑼𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝝈𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒆 = 𝟒𝟐𝟓. 𝟏𝟕 𝑵Τ𝒎 𝒎𝟐

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ − 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = × 100%
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
375 − 300 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 375 𝑚𝑚
% 𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = × 100%
375
𝑙 = 300 𝑚𝑚
% 𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟐𝟓 %

𝜋
𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴1 = × 𝑑12 𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑1 = 17.75 𝑚𝑚
4
𝜋
𝐴1 = × 17.752
4

𝑹𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑨𝟏 = 𝟐𝟒𝟕. 𝟑𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝟐

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 − 𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = × 100%
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
490.6 − 247.32
% 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = × 100% 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 = 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
490.6
𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴1 = 247.32 𝑚𝑚2
% 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 𝟒𝟗. 𝟓𝟗 %

𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑦 𝐹𝑂𝑆 = 𝐹𝑂𝑆 = 2
𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
260.17 𝜎𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = 260.17 𝑁Τ𝑚 𝑚2
2=
𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠

𝑺𝒂𝒇𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝝈𝒔𝒂𝒇𝒆 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎. 𝟎𝟖 𝑵Τ𝒎 𝒎𝟐

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 Thank You

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY