C1 Cl Cl Cj Cj td ci C1 C1 0] C] i Cd Ed 6/11/87 Ga Cl C1 C1 C1 C1 i) Cl C1 Cl Cl C] HVAC Section 15050 - Piping/Sasic Materials and Methods Location of equipment on flow diagrams should be realistic to relation in building. All control valves, sectioning valves and accessories to be shown on flow diagrams. Show equipment and accessory valving only on items not detailed. Indicate reference to special equipment and accessory details on flow diagram. Show al] piping system sectionalizing valves on drawings. Group valves and accessories and equipment for easy access. Check for access door or panel requirements for same. Coordinate with Architect. Check a1] piping over exposed areas such as balconies, canopies, or in unheated tunnels, passages, etc., for freezing. Provide insulation, electric pipe line heating or heating elements in cavity area as required to prevent freezing. Do not design piping to run in or through electrical rooms, telephone rooms, elevator equipment rooms, or elevator shafts. Piping in existing shafts converted to elevator shafts has to be removed. Run condensate piping below floor in a trench (preferred) or split T.C. to asingle, remote condensate pump for kitchens, Jaundries, etc., in lieu of numerous small pumps located on floor at equipment. ‘Check for possibility of lifting condensate to ceiling ~ can usually be done with bucket or Tift trap, if steam pressure is high enough. Carefully review clearance for ceiling mounted steam reheat coils for proper condensate return (see standard trap piping details). Condensate cannot be lifted from coil discharge and must flow by gravity from coil to return main. Steam supply to steam atomizing burners should be connected to top of steam header, and not to boiler steam drum, to avoid excessive moisture. Provide demand limiter when using steam absorption refrigeration on purchased steam. For all purchased steam systems, contact utility to review all service piping and to obtain dimensional requirements for meter and expansion and contraction dimensions and arrangements. ‘Steam supply to laundry ironers should have 3/4 inch globe valve bypass around main supply valve for warmup of ironer. IE-16 of 31HVAC Section 15050 - Piping/Basic Materials and Methods (Cont'd). a CJ iE [p) ca Cl te cl Cl Ci | i) 2 3 C10] C101 Citi C10) £10] Citi C1Cl] C101 EJ LI C10) Cit) 6/11/87 Check for relief or three-way valve requirements at end of multiple two-way control valve circuits. Include in ATC. Check head of existing pumps when connecting to existing systems and check hydraulics of existing system. When using three-way valves to reset hot water supply to multiple zones, do not combine zone returns until after they have passed the control valve, Do not combine reheat system piping (140°F. max.) with seasonal heating system piping, Use separate systems and pumps. Multiple cooling towers with common supply and suction headers must have an equalizing line between towers with shutoff valves to each tower for maintenance. Water level for all towers must be the same. Check Tlevel carefully when adding new toner to existing installations If chiller has to be started with cold tower water (i.e., winterized water), provide damper control of air on tower, or provide means to throttle flow, bypass tower or bypass chiller so chiller can be started up easily. If three-way valve is used to bypass cooling water flow from tower to suction side of pumps, provide check valve to prevent backflow and/or system draining; in tower suction if tower outlet js below top of three-way valve; on discharge of three-way valve if tower outlet is above valve. Pipe refrigerant relief valves from halon protected computer room AC equipment to outdoors. (A refrigerant leak at this relief valve can cause the halon system to discharge.) Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigerant requires that all refrigerant relief valves (and rupture disc openings) be piped to outdoors except when equipment is installed in large mechanical rooms. You can have a problem, however, even in larger rooms if equipment is large. Pipe all to outdoors. In alteration work, clarify on drawings and in specifications whether or not drain pans are to be provided under existing piping over electrical equipment, or if it is to be relocated, etc. Do not use bullhead tees. IE-17 of 31Section 15050 - HVAC Piping/Basic Materials and Methods (Cont'd). 18 L1CIC£ 1 Verify reviewing agency's interpretation ‘of plumbing condensate drainage from fan coil, heat pump, etc., e. .,. need for drainage type "Y" fittings at branch connections, "Y" Fittings and cleanouts at changes in direction, cleanouts at base and intermediate floors of vertical drain lines have Plumbing design and shown on their drawings. agency's ruling in writing. C1L1L 1 For Hospitals, refer to HHS "Plumbing" section for limitations on “drainage” piping in or over sensitive areas. L1L1£1 There must be 7 feet minimum clearance over boiler walkways. 6/11/87 IE-18 of 3112 3 C101t) Citic) C1010] ficici 6/11/87 Section 15140 - HVAC Pumps Do not locate condensate return pumps in kitchens and laundries (See HVAC Section 15050). Specify Mechanical seals on pumps serving systems using glycol- water solutions. Select pumps with impeller size not more than 85% of maximum impeller size that will fit in pump casing. Pumps in Parallel: calculate not only the gpm and head condition when all pumps are operating, but also the gpm and head condition when one pump is operating by itself. Select a pump that can operate satisfactorily at both points on its performance curve and show both operating conditions in the pump schedule or add a Griswald flow control valve in order to prevent surge conditions and motor overloading when only one pump is running. IE-19 of 31123 EJGJCI Cifiti Clcit] CICICI 6/11/87 HVAC Section 15210 - Vibration and Noise Control Consider noise and vibration in selecting and locating equipment. Check inertia pad requirements for all equipment. Usually required for all pumps, compressors, high pressure fans, etc., above ground floor, Sometimes required for floor on grade. For curb mounted rooftop equipment, evaluate potential for noise transmission through bottom of unit and roof into space below. Consider providing air space and either acoustical material, Vightweight concrete or standard weight concrete between roof and bottom of unit. Analyze the effect that noise generated by cooling tower, evaporative cooler, condensing unit and other outdoor and/or rooftop equipment may have on adjacent buildings. Building owners are being sued by their neighbors for disruptive noise being caused by such equipment. 1E-20 of 314 2 oe LdGICI C1cicti Clcic] C1Ci01 6/11/87 HVAC Section 15250 - Insulation Insulate hot stacks, breechings, smoke vents, emergency generator engine exhaust, etc., to minimize potential for injury due to accidental contact and to reduce heat gain to equipment room or occupied space through which it passes. Insulate hot exhaust ducts (e.g., laundry dryer, range hood) located in occupied spaces or ceiling air plenums to reduce heat gain to space/plenum. Insulate cold exhaust ducts (e.g., truck dock exhaust) running in or through heated spaces to prevent condensation on exterior surface and to reduce heat loss from space. Consider need for insulation of exhaust ductwork from kitchens, dishwashers, laundries and similar hot or high humidity areas to minimize condensation on interior of ducts. IE-21 of 3112 4 Cicf3 0] CJCICI C1cici 6/11/87 HVAC Section 15342 - Chemical Water Treatment Get chemical analysis of domestic water supply from Plumbing to determine need for water softeners and chemical treatment. Specify chemical treatment on boiler feedwater and other HVAC piping systems. Provide suitable water treatment for water supply to once through steam jennies/boilers. Hardness in the water can cause maintenance problems with the heating element or surface. Coordinate with plumbing. IE-22 of 3112 3 CILI04 Ciciti C1Ci01 CILICt CICI0I fa C309 6/11/87 HVAC Section 15600 - Power or Heat Generation Check boiler feed system and deaerator flow quantity. Must usually provide a surge tank for discharge. Determine need for manhole pits for fuel oi] tanks to be provided with drain lines connected either to a French drain (preferred) or toa storm drain line. In latter case, design must be such that storm water cannot back up into pit. Where large pits are required use multiple access openings so that cover can be lifted by one man. Check code requirements for boiler walkways. Required in Pennsylvania and frequently necessary in other locations for boilers with top more than & feet above floor. Boiler walkways must clear all boiler access doors, cleanout doors, etc. There must be 7 feet minimum clearance over boiler walkways. Pennsylvania Boiler Code requires that relief valve from low pressure steam boiler of greater than 500 pounds per hour capacity be piped to outdoors for boilers serving places of public assembly or apartment houses of five or more families. Specify high water cut off and alarm, jin addition to low water devices, or high pressure boilers. 1€-23 of 31212 8 C1010) Cicicti Cicicti CiCi01 ClCic] LICIC] 6/11/87 HVAC Section 15650 - Refrigeration liherever possible, use high efficiency chillers. Analyze the use of reduced gpm for condenser water, e.g., 2 gpm/ton rather than 3 gpm/ton. Although this will increase chiller kW/ton and cooling tower size, these increases can often be offset by savings in condenser pump energy consumption. Consider the use of two speed motors on cooling towers. Verify proper water distribution at low speed. The tower will operate on low speed approximately 90% of the time with horsepower only about 15% of nameplalte rating. Operation at low speed will also reduce the noise level of the tower. Specify cooling towers for ambient air WB design at least 1° F., higher than ASHRAE 1% summer peak WB condition. Check cooling tower location for short circuiting of discharge air to intakes. Raise tower, provide discharge duct, etc. When specifying packaged equipment with DX coils, compressors and air cooled condensors carefully determine condensing temperature you wish to use. Manufacturers can provide equipment having condensing temperatures in the range of approximately 118° to 130°, If not specified, they will probably use 130° with a resultant low EER. here the project budget allows, specify condensing temperature of 118° to 120° to improve efficiency of unit. Note on drawings that refrigerant relief from chiller(s) is to be piped to outdoors. Indicate size and show location of run if, equipment room does not have an outside wall. IE-24 of 31124 C1010] CILIC9 CIGIC CIE] CIEI Ca CICICI C1cicti 6/11/87 HVAC Section 15700 - Heat Transfer On job built units, provide sufficient clearance between cooling and reheat coils to prevent moisture carryover and reevaporation on surface of reheat coil. When using "Incremental" units in hospitals, the following items must be incorporated in the design: 1. Outside air damper closes on power failure or when unit is turned off. 2, Condenser fan must run on both heating and cooling cycle to provide ventilation all times unit is in operation. 3. Provide either direct exhaust from room (through toilet or separate exhaust system) or specify special exhaust accessories with unit. 4, Provide self-contained control valve for heating control. 5. Provide silent solenoid valve on heating supply. Valve to be normally open type and is to open on power failure, -when unit is turned off, and when unit is placed in heating cycle. Select converters for 2 psig and consider channel heads. Wall fresh air intakes for fan coil units must have snow baffles. Avoid fresh air intakes if possible by providing ducted ventilation air to room or unit. Verify that fan coil unit enclosure has sufficient space to install control valves and shutoff valves. Some manufacturers do not, especially for 4 pipe systems. Analyze the relative humidity of heat recovery coil exhaust air in relationship to the temperature of the water in the coil to determine whether or not there is the possibility of condensation on the heat recovery coil. If so, coil must be located in a vertical position with horizontal air flow and provided with a drain pan and drain piping for collecting the condensate. Review humidifier installation "Do's and Don't's" in “The Armstrong Humidification Handbook". For humidifiers upstream of coils, fan inlets and discharge grilles, elbows, etc., increase: 3 feet minimum to 6 feet minimum, 8 feet preferred, if air temperature is less than 80° F, Indicate the minimum dimension by notes on drawings. 1E-25 of 31HVAC Section 15700 - Heat Transfer (Cont'd) Pet c1cicti C1cicti CICIC4 ClCictl Cicicti 6/11/87 When sizing humidifiers, consider both the "winter" condition and ‘the "economy cycle" condition. The “free cooling" available during the “economy cycle" can result in a need for more humidification than during the "winter" condition at minimum outdoor air (Refer to data in "The Armstrong Humidification Handbook".). Depending on the cost per kilowatt-hour for chiller operation and the cost per thousand pounds of steam, it may be less expensive to run the chiller than to use the "economy cycle", but get Owner approval before making this decision. Philadelphia Fire Code requires that unit heaters in garage buildings be no less than 8 feet off floor. Do not use short pieces of radiation under long windows. Use low capacity radiation so that finned surface extends full length at glass. Provide individual room control if this results in excess radiation capacity. Manual damper on all perimeter radiation if individual room control is not provided. Coordinate with Architect if enclosure is by G.C When gas fired equipment is used on roof, utility companies often require permanent access to roof, walkways from acess to equipment and overhead weather protection (lean-to) at equipment. Check with Utility Company and coordinate with Architect. Where multiple coils are used on built-up units, note on drawings that coils are to be installed so as to be individually removable. 1E-26 of 31citi Cit] Citi cicl cic) tic] Cit] C10] ciel 6/11/87 Cl ti Cl Cl Cl Cal C1 Cj C1 HVAC Section 15800 - Air Distribu on Review "Industrial Ventilation" manual for applicability. Verify applicability of NFPA 90A. Even if not applicable, comply with requirements that are not in contradiction to applicable Building, Mechanical and Fire Codes. Do check code requirements for smoke dampers and for fire dampers in one hour rated corridors. (BOCA, Life Safety Codes) Show all fire and smoke dampers on drawings. Verify conformance to applicable codes - Building, Mechanical, Fire, Life Safety. For plaster and similar inaccessible ceilings be certain that an access panel is provided in the ceiling for access to the damper. Appendix C of NFPA 90A (not a part of code) recommends that supply and exhaust ducts for a smoke control system not pass through another smoke zone and recommends minimum duct gauges when this is unavoidable of: 24 ga for ducts up to 8 inches, 22 ga for 8 inches to 18 inches, 20 ga for 18 inches to 30 inches and 18 ga for over 30 inches. Note this on drawings or in specifications. NFPA 90A requires fire dampers in outside air intakes which are “high hazard". By an administrative ruling, the City of Philadelphia considers any outside air intake which is within 35 feet of grade or an adjacent building or a parking lot or similar hazardous areas as “high hazard" and therefore these outside air intakes require fire dampers. Show duct mounted smoke detectors in a location of relatively nonturbulent air flow and within the rated operating range (verify, usually 300 to 4,000 fpm). Whenever possible locate detectors a minimum of six duct widths downstream from bends or inlets, so that dampers do not restrict air flow at the detector location, downstream of filters, upstream of humidifiers and cooling ‘coils, where they can be conveniently observed and readily serviced. Kitchen exhaust systems must comply with applicable Building, Mechanical and Fire Codes and with NFPA 96. Note requirements for enclosure of both horizontal and vertical ducts and coordinate with Architect. Comply fully with all requirements for minimum duct and hood velocities. Comply with Air Management Services requirements for garage ventilation. (In Philadelphia 450 cfm per car min. for one level garage.) IE-27 of 31HAC Section 15800 - Air Distribution (Cont'd. ) 12 C10] Citi C101 Cit] Citi citi Citi cicd citi C10] C101 Citi 6/11/87 3 Cl fa Ca ol Cl Cl t] C1 ca Cl Cl C1 Consider space required for making standing seams and for installing insulation when laying out and sizing ductwork - particularly important in concrete structures. There should be a minimum of 8 inches to 12 inches clearance either above or below all ducts run in ventilating ceilings or ceiling return air plenums. Determine whether or not smudge rings required at diffusers. Provide drain pans under all roof intake or exhaust hoods, etc. Where such items are duct connected or installed at the top of a shaft, provide drains in the bottom of the vertical duct or shaft. Provide skimmer exhaust registers at ceiling in dishwasher area jn addition to ducts to dishwasher - see Industrial Ventilation for cfm and arrangement. Drawings for dishwasher exhaust ducts should call for watertight construction of aluminum and show the duct pitched for drainage. Ventilate (30AC min.) equipment rooms for recessed sterilizers and provide exhaust registers (stainless steel) over doors of recessed sterilizers to transfer exhaust to equipment room. Coordinate with hood. Usually registers and hood by GC, but Architect must be advised to provide same. Check Architectural Drawings for confirmation. Do not use any part of the building structure to form any pressure part of a built-up air-conditioning unit apparatus casing. Building structure can be used to form part of casing only for outside air intake. Try to avoid using "building structure" for air shafts. Refer to AABC data for more information. Indicate all streamlined ductwork on the drawings. On multiple zone units, the flexible connection should be located after the first elbow, not on the unit discharge. Show balancing damper for each zone duct. | Show access doors in ducts for balancing dampers and unit zone dampers. Fan discharge diffuser plates must have 1-1/2 inch holes. Built-up cooling coils require casing length of approximately 4 feet 4 inches in direction of air flow. IE-28 of 31HVAC Section 15800 - Air Distribution (Cont'd.) Cit) Cit] c1c1 Citi Cicd EAC citi cle) titi tic) Citi C1cl 6/11/87 Cl Cl Ci Cd Cl C1 C1 C1 Ed C1 fa 01 Coils and related piping in built-up units should be indicated as removable on drawings. Section of casing should also be noted as removable if necessary. Provide minimum outside air dampers for all systems handling over 10,000 cfm outside air. Supply and exhaust ducts to Radiology Rooms may require lead protection. Be certain that this is covered either by Architect fin his specifications or by HVAC drawings and specifications. Consider: using lead lined return grilles (Atomic Industries, Inc.); running vertical ducts on room side of room lining. For electrically shielded, grounded, isolated rooms, connect grilles and diffusers to ductwork with canvas connections void of any wire to ensure that there are no electrically conductive pathways from the ductwork to the shielded room. Verify that radiological hoods have absolute filters or provide same in duct at hood connections. Hospitals: Verify use of ethylene oxide sterilizers. Provide proper exhaust. Make sure Plumbing knows about how to handle drainage properly. On high and medium pressure duct systems, all apparatus casings and all supply ductwork up to and including at least the first fire damper in each supply duct must be of high pressure construction. Use standard block sizes for grilles, diffusers, etc., in block walls that are not to be finished with plaster or tile. If duct or casing access doors are not of standard size (see specifications), show size on drawings. For vaneaxial controllable pitch fans, show duct access doors on both sides of the fan to get to the controls and bearings that must be serviced. Exhaust ducts from laundries should have a large number of access doors shown throughout the run of the duct to provide access for cleaning. Laundry exhaust ducts from dryers must have means of trapping Tint. 1E-29 of 31HVAC Section 15800 - Air Distribution (Cont'd.) i 2 TCT EICI GICd C10) Citi C10) C10] C10) Citi Fatd C101 Clcl 6/11/87 3 C1 C1 Ci Cd C] Cy C1 C1 Cl Exhaust ductwork discharge from hot and humid areas, such as Kitchens and Laundries, should be exhausted through the roof and should be located ‘to minimize aesthetic problems due to condensation from their exhausts in cold weather. Use totally enclosed motors on barn exhaust fans which have the motor in the air stream (acid from animal urine gets into air stream and may corrode motor on an open motor). Coordinate discharge and intake louvers with Architect for size, type, SP drop and insect screens. Check Architectural and Mechanical Drawings for correctness. No insect screens at louver on the following: 1. Qutside air intakes to units that have filters. 2. Exhaust outlets having automatic or gravity dampers. 3. Outside air intakes that have dampers mounted at the louver. Provide filters on outside air intakes that serve or are located so that air will pass through electrical equipment rooms. For outside air intakes with dampers which are not either provided with filters or ducted to unit with filters, specify and show on drawings a removable insect screen on room side of damper. Use volume balancing dampers, not splitter dampers. Show all on drawings. (Refer to ductwork design standards.) For large systems with volume control boxes, constant volume or VAV. Provide volume damper or orifice at least 12 feet upstream of box if inlet SP will be greater than 3 inch wg. Do not design ductwork not specifically related to the room to run in or through electrical rooms, telephone rooms, elevator equipment rooms. Do not run ductwork in or through elevator shafts. Determine air balance for each system, each floor and total building. Total building must be under positive pressure. Check location of all kitchen refrigeration equipment. Check exhaust requirements with manufacturer and provide ducted exhaust. IE-30 of 31Teese) CILIGI Ciciti Ciciti C1010) C1010] CICICI t1C1C]i f7CICI 6/11/87 HVAC Section 15900 - Controls and Instrumentation Make all automatic controls as simple as possible to meet job requirements Show 11 room thermostats and humidistats on the Drawings. Review thermostat and humidistat locations and types, HVAC zones, etc., with Owner. Include plumbing controls under ATC where feasible. Dual temperature piping systems require safety changeover controls from heating to cooling to prevent hot water from reaching chiller. Show location of all local and central control panels on drawings. Coordinate local locations with Architect and Interior Designer. Provide automatic control valves to close when outdoor exceeds 65° F. when connecting "Heating Only" equipment to a 4 pipe system heating circuit. | Select equipment for appropriate low water temperature. A steam to water convertor with conventional steam control valve cannot be used for generating domestic hot water except in jnstances where there is no danger of scalding by personal or animal contact, such as in dishwasher booster heaters or perhaps even cage washers, because the time lag on the control is such that scalding water temperatures can be reached, particularly when flows are small. All domestic hot water heating systems for "people" or animal use must have either a control system that anticipates the domestic water demand or storage. IE-31 of 31C10) cea EXER C1cti C101 C10) Cit] Clic] Citi 6/11/87 01 tl C] Cl C1 C1 Cl Cl C1 HVAC Electrical Coordination Coordinate control, alarm and power wiring with Electrical and HVAC specifications. Clarify who does alarm wiring - Electrical or HVAC Contractor. Coordinate locations of starting switches for manually started equipment, e.g., remote start/stop push button station with pilot Tight for exhaust fans. Use maintained contact control for fans or equipment which should be automatically restarted after a power failure, e.g., exhaust fan for flammable liquid storage room. Consider locating switch in room the equipment serves, e.g., range hood exhaust fan switch located near hood, or adjacent to the main ATC panel or Motor Control Center and/or including the remote start/stop on the ATC panel. Review all with Owner to determine his requirements/preferences. Prepare Electrical coordination sheet, review with Electrical and review HPE drawings. Often forgotten are: water treatment, ATC compressor, heaters for oil tanks, snow melting fill pum, control panels. Advise Electrical of location of plenum barriers for pressurized ceilings. This is to ‘include portions of normal building construction which form a part of the barrier. Be sure that the barriers are shown on the Electrical Drawings and that Electrical Department covers sealing of all penetrations on their drawings or specs. Exhaust fan for emergency generator must be supplied with power from the emergency system. (Used when generator exhaust is not ducted to outside.) District steam meter needs electrical service. Coordinate with Electrical as to who furnishes and wires. Dimensionally coordinate underground mechanical and electrical work if they are close to or cross each other Dimensionally coordinate ductwork at crossings of electrical cable tray/bus duct. Verify that emergency generator is located so that you can get radiator cooling air into and out of room. If the generator is so located that it is not possible to get radiator air into and out of the generator room for an air cooled unit, but can get enough air to offset engine radiation losses (approximately 50% of total), then use a remote radiator with antifreeze circulating system and circulating pump. The pump must be tied into the emergency generator, as well as the remote radiator fan. Provide design, sketches, specifications for mechanical items associated with generators per company policy. 1E-8 of 31HVAC Electrical Coordination (Cont'd. ) Tez Cicicti C1icici tic1c1 £IEICI LICICI Clcit EIbICI Citic) 6/11/87 Provide lighting in large job built AC unit casings. Coordinate smoke detectors and smoke dampers, especially control of smoke partition dampers, with Electrical. Do not run any piping or ductwork in or through electrical rooms, telephone rooms, elevator equipment rooms, that are not specifically related to that room. Coordinate any unavoidable conditions with Electrical and Architect. (Provide "roof" over, electrical room, drain pan under piping, etc.) Do not run piping over Electrical equipment in Mechanical Rooms (add note on HVAC drawings) or over electrical panels. Coordinate unavoidable conditions with Electrical and Architect. Advise Electrical of electric pipe line tracing required to prevent HVAC piping from freezing. Coordinate heating of electrical equipment rooms, elevator equipment rooms - steam/hot water by Heating contractor or electric by Electrical Contractor. — Determine need from kitchen consultant of range hood exhaust (and makeup air) interlock with hood fire protection system. Coordinate with Electrical and ATC. Codes usually require that Boiler Rooms be provided with an emergency shutoff switch near exits to shut off the boiler(s) (and oil fired domestic water heaters) in the event of an emergency situation. Coordinate with Electrical on each project to be certain that it is properly covered by HVAC or Electrical. Coordinate with Plumbing if room also has domestic water heater. IE-9 of 31