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At a glance:
First Published: 1940
Type of Plot: Epistolary
Time of Work: The twentieth century
Setting: Japan
Characters: Sayoko, Her husband, Her mother
Genres: Psychological fiction, Short fiction
Subjects: Husbands, Wives, Twentieth century, Dreams, Domestic violence, Japan or
Japanese people, Anatomy, Human anatomy
Locales: Asia, Japan
The Story
The text of “The Mole” is an undated letter written by Sayoko to her husband of some years. She
tells him about a dream that she has had. The night before, during a visit to her mother’s home,
Sayoko reports that she dreamed of the mole located high on the upper right side of her back, near
her shoulder. Through her reflections on her marriage and life and her account of her dream about
her mole, Sayoko reveals both her past and present. She knows that her husband will know about
the mole about which she has dreamed because it has been the focus of dissension between them
from the earliest days of their marriage. When she lay in bed, her left arm across her chest, playing
with the mole, her husband scolded her. It was a bad habit. The mole would grow larger. She should
have it removed.
Sayoko’s letter tells her husband of the shame she felt when he first began scolding. Even more
important, she says that she first became faintly conscious of the oppression of her marriage; her
lack of privacy, her lack of refuge, her total vulnerability to his control. Although she then tried to
dismiss his attention to her habit of playing with the mole as inconsequential, now that she has been
away from him for many years, she sees its importance.
Thinking through her life as she writes, Sayoko tells her husband the history of her relation to her
mole—a history that is also the story of her own inner life. As a child she began to play with the
mole, perhaps because her mother and sisters had noticed it—perhaps even finding it charming—
and drew her attention to it. She remembers, however, that her mother also scolded her during
puberty for her habit of rubbing the mole and staring absently into space. Her husband’s dislike for
her habit grew during their marriage until it became a metaphor for their relationship. Sayoko tells
her husband, “it was as though I were warding you off, as though I were embracing myself.” All
attempts by her husband to change or stop her habit failed, and his dislike for her habit grew into a
dislike for her. Conflict over the mole turned into abuse. Her husband beat and kicked her.
Nonetheless, her habit continued. His caring ceased. One day Sayoko realized that her habit had
disappeared of its own accord, but by then her husband no longer cared one way or the other.
Now regarded as a bad wife on the verge of divorce, Sayoko is surprised to find herself thinking of
her husband and feeling grief. In her mother’s home she is again free to play with her mole but
cannot. When she sleeps she dreams of the mole. Drunk and pleading with her husband in her
dream, she touches her mole and it comes off in her hand. She beseeches him to put her mole in
the pit of the mole beside his nose. Awake and weeping, she finds that her mole is still on her back.
She imagines her husband’s mole swelling with the addition of hers; she imagines with pleasure that
he might dream of her mole.
Her letter concludes by suggesting to her husband that playing with her mole began in her childhood
as a fond expression of her connection to her family. Perhaps, she suggests, playing with the mole
was a young girl’s expression of a love that she did not know how to speak. Perhaps the mole is a
symbol of her love that has gone unrecognized and that has turned malignant and destructive. Like
the countless “little things” that might combine to poison a relationship, the mole, seemingly
insignificant in itself, has been a sign that cannot be deciphered, a language that cannot be
understood.
The letter resolves nothing; like the mole, it does not appear to be read by its intended audience.
Like the mole, the letter remains visible but mysterious, contemplated but never fully understood.
The central image of the story is the mole. During Sayoko’s exploration of her own experience, the
mole gains many levels of meaning as it comes to represent the woman and her relationship to her
own body. The mole represents a kind of deformity that makes her the object of others’ pity and
disgust. It elicits others’ arbitrary negative assessments of her and her body that are destructive of
her well-being. The mole comes to represent the way in which she is turned in on herself, unable to
communicate, as well as her husband’s refusal to accept and love her and the failure of their
marriage. Although physically harmless, the enigmatic mole is emotionally malignant in Sayoko’s life.
Although the structure of the letter initially appears chaotic, it is quite logical, even though the dream
that is its declared subject is not described until very late. Meanwhile, by describing her husband’s
familiarity with her mole and their conflict, the letter establishes context for him and provides the
reader with an essential comprehension of the dream itself. Sayoko shows her husband how
strongly she thought and felt and suffered as the result of his annoyance with her habit. She now
sees that the habit of wrapping herself in her own arms absently was itself a defense against him, a
form of self-protection.
The change of scene that occasions the letter also provides the perspective that Sayoko needs to
investigate the original cause of her mole. She has been able to go back in time and question her
mother on the origin of the mole. When did it begin to grow? Babies do not seem to have moles.
Moles seem to develop with age, as stigmata of experience. Perhaps her mole grew as her sense of
worthlessness grew, bit by bit during childhood, until it was “bigger than a bean.” In this second
component of Sayoko’s letter, she offers her husband and the reader the additional context for the
dream in her dialogues with her mother on body image and feelings of self-worth.
Only near the end of the letter does Sayoko tell her husband the story of her dream that she
mentions in the first line. Although the dream’s message is cryptic, it reveals Sayoko’s pain and
anger. Her offer of the liberated mole “like the skin of a roast bean” and her demand that her
husband take it into his own body express the beginning of her new capacity for physical and
emotional self-assertion. Truly the dream is the climax of her life to this point, just as it is the climax
of her letter.