Conan ats vial ot Sneatiret Pattern Recognition Letters Multimodal biometric identification system based on finger geometry, knuckle print and palm print Zhu Le-qing*, Zhang San-yuan” $a eon ra a aa nn omens Sec = enone mtd Borris the most secure an ane! yt sat the requirements for entity digtaliation snd vtuaizaion in the Intonation saci whch refer ote automate dent cian (fan nd by using cen pysloalo betaital vats Sst with the paso, Vatu technologies were developed seh geri ae ce tice a Ye nt Svamages compare to other technologies fst the cate "haractersies te nee numero thn hose of geri snd they canbe specied wit lowe eoton images Moroes ‘astm wel secptd Py ves Uae a 2001, ang bsed homes has acted ia of tenon ahd pet sonal entiation by ung palm ri Nand gore. 30 Mgr ah hand ved abe ben propose ih he erature Ke nt, 209) Sun 2003) reresested palm pit ‘ev enthopnal line rial etre which ater ce Iiph scary wth iw computational os anand Fens (08) Sevtied 2 prtoype latent pam pot matching algo- Hh which ean recog portal apd tet pl pints i palm prts datas with recogni ates of 78.78 and 6B by ‘Sing mice feats the method ques Mg qty pall apes tha eat oat 400 Yet (2003) ex treed Centre feature los texte eFersy a ners ~ ap min a er ma rz the ng nO re oun R Tt ey {Sion rca od see oma map ares eis hd ree SCS Sie de hero Ne ar op tne pots om he gland then matched in a blerteial sion Unichsekieved adequate periormance ile the carlton of “ferent esteres rom he same pam no content et. Zens fal (2007) presented = poet invariant reresetation Fe ana features to erate robust Pojetive Pertinent (Prana geomeay bets eco wih sete, Po ‘ent auton ao unmocal manner ‘Mulino! biomes ster fs more robust hap ulna {anc unveality pot sacks nd vee perfomance ear td ng dicbse ppleatons. Recent new algo Snd application of mokimods! biometrics ae smerny ‘mara navikaneh (200) investigated an approach pts fuenicaton using both ger omer and dort finger ace sae Yate Hane (2007) presented and pant ‘on, features were extated in leer pat of the hand an "al decison wes made 2 matching see level fon tanne. Bess ea (2008) proposed a mulimadl Domes stems ach ean recognition precsion and population coverage by ase gern and Yang and BM 2007) proposed wo ‘ulidal netic vere system odes based on Hager prin alin print snd hand gamer and ober Recever Oper Son charters (0c) han each uiodal syste Rr ane Fane (205) presented 3 ytmodal terete Herat system based on enter an elgnbal eats Wt ionplied atthe matching score eve Feet 2005) presented a ‘mutta! Bonet entation syste base on the eae ‘alan palm pe ears of the han and er hey free ‘he human hand (reer tl, 2007) ter main tare "eae the econo eo ae Kamar and Pang (2006) io Gdced 2 medal personal auentatin system by imate ‘hp epg uthe dshape pa t ‘eros evel of ston () Fason athe fear etaton lew Sorte festre extracted sing fo or more enor ae on ‘matching scores oaed fom muliple watchers ate combine: (i) Futana the decision ve whet he accept daca tf mp systems re consolidated eum Za 2005) svacle rn and palm pie (Zt 2018) we proposes ml ‘modal stem based on mgr geomet, ke pita sly frgefieny a5 wells recognition seu. 2. sytem architecture ‘he hand image cantare device sed in this pape is based on webct The device made ya the pas cptre Dox, camera {nd igh The box can Bethe stance bowen the aod ed the Soff when can met the regurement fra ine appeton ‘he Leb araye are ued fori Te ihe ees the Dox ‘ro ifcion pes which guarantee the nd fe uormly Ihumiate- Te device i shown s Fi. The caput procedure {spelen untouched method whichis we acetal to ses Del race fa Mane stn ais fe (copay unr terre contin), An splat a et hander recon mas eister and emp fori tho ‘ied wer The er hand Images are cpr, peproce featre-cvracted opt the template, Atne eee 0 Ay (a) Capre box ()Capering hand image Imaal generated foreach we as pinay Key in database. Al the featur extaed trom the hand ce ge geomet. Kal ot nn pene ees ae sein te ae rte veceaton Jn i ons 2002 aentestion the af deter Innate ienty of the pron fom 3st of known ars Ths Person makes no wenty dam therefore equring the sytem Pestova 1a number of noled uses) dssfeaton tsk Vr bir Ran ne he image cptre device nl hese searches Inthe dna ecrding othe hae fess unl he and ee 23, Fon and coeganding err rate abs “Tis paper employed decison level ison with conjunction CAND Rae estan ace onl al Tent ests ate seed. We cn tart Fae Acct ad ate Rj er tes the combined bomete bse on the ero ate of una Sometr ateme, These new sor probes wil be ena emanate According erature (Daugmn.2004 fhe “AND” Rule is sed 8 combine tess 12. the combine prbabity of Fase Acep, AL the pred of probobls fr alia Pe o where P(A) she probability of a Fase Ace wing Biometric Sloe Fr combining tess 1.2... he combineé probaly ofa Fate Reject RP the compen ofthe poy a on the ts rodees Fab Reet Th -rim, ® ese (Fs te pba oa Fae Reet using mene 1 oR) oa the lind euch or the Bett tenth tempt pattern andthe simple pater 3 pied serch eaten eee fal to rece the cmputstonsltursen We propose Ree 0 ‘onder multiple hand estes and ape aierent cavainion (©) Coptred simple(a) Fikered grayscale hand imageBBB BOS o {are pole ased mage mutch which equtes high compa ba source a ge ai pe ae. oe wp he 5.20 ge geome fare exracton sp ahinenon ge shape eco air a promcon {anion > 128, wo {ol etnenvse {ce the length an sah of te th ns ROL respect rayvomcos the ry vale troche gee, Image Fe a = 0.1.23 repeseat thee ing. ene Bae voy nese frat canbe dvd nto ND Bins every sane lent ston. Tearoom rer and Boothe orn sis areca ined ana thn normale to generate the gsr shape wetor Fe RIS SSeS oH) PNRM ® wheres the ae ofthe bh locke ka show ni. ob. 85.2 kc prin etre raion Stace of Hg kn B07) apple Rado tasty (@) The segmented ger rotted wo havin (©) Gratien image ofthe finger compe with Sob oper petal on mde fingers since the mide san 3 Sse ate avicsky st Vie 19142199 +f) Vosly Temas inser hyenh 6{hies (08+) pefonns best ace to plenty of exernets. Fp as ereal projection of Ps Te and Pl the denaed esl of Fie 8a wh wavelet DO, 33. Pa prin eeareeracon 243.1 fey pl exrcton with KET comer decor (hand Tomas, 14 Toms ond Kanade 101) cece tie ae wn ta sist es lo ots hard to extra plenty fener prt sey ‘Sten with bt (Diference of Gauesan) petro Har ome feet HLT corner deter cn entre refered amu of fsa we ned Sah Tomas 194 Tras ad Kanade. 197) LT operate stale te eg values safe Mma rio exh pie exes yaar a 7 labore cs the eagles 9 symmetry matt Ms the ‘iro ales of ME Mat Fd ED) EDs) Eb, E05 a hee ys the ft derivative along lectin any dection “derivative. S> means sum inside a window. is an od nee tren ‘ewithina window. Ange ad shal een alc cowespond to $otaeca ee par wo ena an be racked realy SH and Toms 1990 tan een sales St are y andi act 3nd min)» Phere Teg Qs 2 pedi esl. ese ant valde fof min (ion the nage and Gis a ual factor whieh spec es minimal accepted quaityof image comers Fi es the sae eta tong ces om ples ih 3.82, Te al nage serio ‘One or mote entation af assigned to ach keypaatocaton based on cal inage aden det Al fue operas ate fone oa nage data tht has bee wasted late othe ‘Sie ton an nya ly ite te rade magne my) an onertaton Msi pe ompused ing pe ference Yili Ty) te By aay) tley HP % 09) tania Ly) tee Lyytiey +) baggy An orewation histogram is fred fom the aradient onto sample poss wens repo round he eypon The oe thon steam has 36 ins ering he 36 ange of rentatns Peal ia the odettation stra cvespond fo dominate So agit he he aga hips ok ao used creates heya ith hat oretaton "The lc image gradients are measure in the region ound ‘ach eyoint Akpan desperate by ist computa the walent magntade apd eneotaton at each Unoge sample pint a eion round he keypoit caon, These are weed ya causan wind Tee samples ae then cumulated ato ination ogra summarising he content ove ts ‘exon (ms direct popotonl eth the eo al par pint Fepm wh the length of each aro coresponaing to he Su bf the gralee magntudes near hat ection within the rein. ‘Theexpernents inthis paper use 4 4 deserpers computed om 2m nampa weigh onto ism exch There fe eatin i pe ne a 4 a8 ee lenth These ae tanfomed ito» represent tat lows for sntean Teves of focal shape estorion and change Murat “The pl puis features ae lovato rotation, eansaon and stale changes part ivan view pat and lami sont is tabu topes ul tae nh odes (Stn tal, 200) ae nate to fe despite of he good performance Table ees 2 bri comparison a fur pam print promising4: Marea handmetre matching ‘Ae state in econ 3, thee hander te extracted eve agers gael atu, evel2 kale at feat eve 3 pal pn featur. We begin an intl ere othe est “Smlarhandmeenc mating subet wth eve este The en Shantes wth ema dance aiferece ach 3 DL wil Beco Sere for fre corse! section by knuckle pin The Select anldates be subject one ateig bas ot pall prt etre 14. Coa ee sine and pater clfeation “Thisclsifation tek can Be viewed a3 dcson making cess tht lleates an npr hand sample o thes hand emt Seth the ilar messrements nthe dstabae The cece ft ad estues must be as compacts possibland yet sr lnntve a posable: The dstnctvenes of ager geomet ete 1s not hen proved eb the aur exhib hgh coerce inne css snaties ad god spesion of trans esa Inston se shown nis Thermtch could generate ist the ery sar aides with very sll Eu dstanees between thee etre wetors: Furthermore the Mgr geometry presen tin swith simple stucure ard iow dimensions (4 dimension foreach finger and 136 foro hand eding the thumb ge), sate math wold be hacen heh meng [Eiucee he soar chorartertis (chown nF 3) “411 ing gomey ere mating "Te sce for finer geome feature machine canbe repre re ae he th lemons of vo Yay a the ements of maa X.¥ at espectvely 5.5, artes or gee ire ln ad ne Sie an vs he at ot Lube iaporoximarely zero whe thease cept ate FAR) si ‘elatvely tw, for eanpe when 5 == 01 and a, foe get FR =O and TAR“ 0055. [fy souce Binge length ecto, [4,6] f dentnation Sige gh vec. We nw and og] ae source and esto finger mean width vectors Fatd Mare sour ad estan finger shape vector seas. k= 1.23 reeset the {i ring mide ard an ges epee ‘iene, the hand wel be srpte, thew rected, 4412. kc pit machine Thence it matchings cate on by meas the i sty tent ru wie ety compe =) iy ‘ctor side range to ge the rami matching vale 2 Tay measurement moe, ES) BE. ogee Here = 5. For asl he citrine a desl va ue ar nce pet mating the same as ger eae fe six) 106) anf) oe (83) {i rsat(X) >. 7 1K) {i ret) < 13) "Fora hand with four fingers consieved (um finger is ex {: tere, sere 33(Fi) Fe ey ef 1 npn agri: in: rei dkwhen ere, he han wl be accepted terse he had will bereetee 42. ise pin print machine en eel pul i cuntin pened yt be inact de to ambigous features, There casters at feast tee features ate fot iemed that ape onan objet and us ose. these clusters have a much eer probaly of ing conrec than nda! tare matches. Then, each caster {Cchchod by performing 2 dead geometric tothe mal, Sheen ted nat or tte nerrctation, The de {i matching prcedre can refer to revi wei 200s) 5 txperimental este ‘The fand image samples wd for he ting ae 640 480 in size with esol ef 9. RGB mazes our hand mage natse 1900 tages tom 190 dierent hands te cleced in esi ih 1 saps ih a al ae i hand, steed for tess “Te vereston accuracies ofthe lvls an son sytem can be red ou rm cer Operating characters ROC} ever 2 shown in Fg. To hg the diferences among the OC faves the weil a sealed with lait. The pronase {fom ives worse than evel when FAR age an EER td Ssbeterthan Level when FAR wel ow ER Here wee cr terint the sco evel mat ott he ie fen an be improved tees the Levelt matching hs owes Fa ate ORs zero With thesbldssstent at Metre ‘matching the muna! bande sstom con get Detter pe {Gxmance bth ineecogntion cura and tne cen compa a3 oe ‘scion sche hg ing with unin ones Tale 2 gies he FR ad FAR or each {orn Lee and Level ey My 0839 and ‘hte ser ha nl oes rection say. “te proposed ste meme by wing Va Sto 2o0s onthe rem V prc) These te frie perce are eta mag sth Saline ett . comping tine searchin and i re stabs, Fett perentaps a theft urbe of and samp in the Sataase removed by tev tee fest espethey, he P= 1 —FAR + Rll FRR) = 1 FAR T= 1.2) a9) “They depen the tess Ty ad hy A et he se of the Aad be Bad he computation tne or recess eae fraction Le hie Levee’? matching Level math ite fn a din especie Bed on these eles, te oben the fing fouls or searching «hd nae a3 State with D images by Sequental and hese aoa Suen approes Tag tty Dt coy erate appences Tha 4+ Dts 4D +N Ph Pt en sedan these two equtoas andthe computation ine ste a "ies nt ect rags han Proices when Park We a Th any oben her foresponing ya for Fi. 12. ting the database size D gant the computation tine Recocing to F.12the ecetlon eof lta match ing which ines pepocesing ent extoton and matching fora sited ie database wih 1 han saps 125 we = L i i ae x 1 compte et she,2 SDP Regn ete 3120-18? 0 Sn Fa tun a shown intake is as ae inerenl approach nach more efctve than he sequent tet whet the gatas age. “Thispaper proposed 2 muta biometric system based hand features te scene combined the gh een a ge stom {take rit recognition vith te gh pean palm pi ecognion The multinacal Bonet eae ate ise on clon evel with AND ae whch is sinpleand esl Sethe thee mad fetes are exacted fm een pt the ind ge conor age ot sre and pl tec fle estures are cored athe maths ined ‘whicheam ensure AND rae to nro the stem perma Theoretical. A rare matching Sate adopted wih an sped up he Searing procedure in age database With the Help of tvesoldadstnent on each feel mater. the mul ol system sunproved ot ain ating acura. bt as nearing een nage tan ome wi ry gle Demet stem amen "The muti fearres extracted from 3 hand can be ws for suided matching ina ag tabs. The combination of thre fis features nung Ure Mage geometry feature, evel nucle pines Lee's palm pro feature possess age ‘arn between diferent cases whl taouiing ath co actos within the Tecate lye cast Lee ten featres ete an eset to rede he nome of ‘Smples stay fr fre processing tthe fn evel The eyes palm pen ratchng implements igh precio erica tion, The experimental rests provide the ss forthe farther Sevlopment of 2 fly atomuted hdc eeu System sith ean some ene asa. Acknowledgement ‘This works suppor by the Nationa 863 rogram of Chins (a20nraatizst,2007AADHZ1AS). the Nationa Research Funds Yin forthe Dacre! rogam of Higher Education of China (Boosasssii4) ‘bun Hh AM KX 200, hing simgis Pner en orth ram Ch M, Ai 205 Meine sc ing Tone, Su hea, a Yl, 207 Wenn yg ing Ea A ers acess tat ea egg NTN on renetome eae ini a ea ee emma “n st a ea iy. "fe Te Fst some. Can 22 eg eceen em tanee rree i a "scm pampnets Peano be 28 eran Cone Souresonendneeemeen