1. oman a2 2012) 184 Contant its vasa at Sivrs Scenetiet a J. Vis. Commun. Image R. om ELSEVIER journal homepage: www el vier comflocatelive A contactless biometric system using multiple hand features Goh Kah Ong Michael’, Tee Connie*, Andrew Beng Jin Teoh** "heme cers ery nr oe i a ‘Spe hone ‘cst latin prope at sel mel et ny oe se FEE ‘Xemuacnr sana emt syem yung lesa nar imagery Maun ve i hha th ume pce alee 08 eM Ss ‘ese era hunt ncn phe Rr arya el Wi ran ‘row expernenha ee pere oesfteabustess he se Ion Hoorn Al he oe Wie rap devlpmentin information techno amt tas ener to provide greater degree af Scat to persona We "eaton system Among the avs bam characters tat an be used to ecogze 2 person, the human hand she ales Sd perhaps the mst sucessful frm of tome technlogy {ij te et beer ot ee ane and properie are stble nd wate: Once aon ated ‘dlthood the and stro and onan remain ately Stable ought the persone [2 Thess hand atures exept gern} can be captured using low reslutan nas. Thee fore cheaper acquit device at be wed and the ser Sale temple an be sedan fen anne. Apt om ht the hand scan techonlogy i gerry pereed ss nnstraive 3t ormpared oso reine ystems) Theses do nt red {otecognsant of the way in wh they inert wth he sytem. ‘heer wb ss Hey forthe ees ahve hea a «scan when they use the system. ‘A present mas the hand season devices are based on ‘oucbased design. The Uses ae read ouch edie aon to some prpera or guidance peg fe the hd mages {obe capture [4s Tote ave a number a problens asad {2m et te i ee with he ouch ised desig. Fist, people are concerned abut the ieee ch isha ple thay one byob is parla exacerbated during the outbreak of ep mic oc panos ike SARS snd nuensy A CHIN) which fan be spe by touching germs fetovee on sures Second ten ad punts wi femaln onthe sensor's surace ol ciple fo sinatra hve denon 3 Ios of te spon fingers 6.7) Ty. the device sure wl Be contaminated easy ot wed tight espealy i hash Ay Ars outdeor envionment Last some nations may rss lars Ie ands terse of th apposite sex as oad the ses. “Ts research ans to sty hand-bse lomets based ean state conics spa hepa pret wed has natura above the sensor ding the sequistion proces. Inpro the ers can be sched ey rom the compe iy tthe system as they jst present hr hand one sow the ‘nse anda numberof hand featres. namely hand geome, atm prin palmar ck pit plm wen and ge en an Be captured at ance fr recognition fe reearch conus» numberof contains, Fy, we opore sje ha cod sane exc Eve td oe estar ney and geet pal pin par ripen ad ing en al inating om he sae art the body The aily ofthe system to ae a roe ve Blometne tedates a the same tne by usin oly the Nandreduces redundancy th adation. the wer can be shee com Piety tom the complet of tulmedalveiatan system ting sng and deve Oni one hands requited andthe se te na need experience he ompkaton onder lt pc sensor fer scary verti Tis in tum ncees he ser, Frenne ofthe proposed system. Secon we systematic present the analysis of fsing the had fear To the best of our knowlege. there has to been 2ny study to compara evaluate he cobain of fe ar cot odes We se vee eel been ete the ston wl come. neh each, we an oid ar heehee his cogent hypothe Last a fuzy-weghted mage aly assessment method is lncoporited inthe fon scheme, We fst examine the quay tbe ies cape bythe imaging device We potide mae Sige to beter quay image when the ston permed. The Signment fase wight to ter quality aes parte’ {Sef wen we see nages unde Ws eal pe) nd Irate igh pl ven Sometimes the vn images mas not pea ler aue to he medial codon a he sn Uke tek itty teste obstructing the subcataenue Mood vest), tha is moc appropriate toast equal weit between thee poor gu feyimapes athe having lear pate Tnereore we dein "valuton method oases the ieee tere hese Shen asin more weighs to tose with Beer sy. 2. torture review and gon recount the leading ad es bomerc techaology] I hasbeen omony used for pysal ccs and time attendance applets Hand geomet ste eases the bya dimensions fhe umn hand. The geet infor fom ofthe hand tat aul fe mesarednekepam Tensh eh, hikes, erates, and ata These pd mes Seen at determine bythe str ofthe be, Therefor fxcrtal codons heal, miner ies (us, sates, and Bars) and ermporl changes wei gain an es donot aie. te stem only. With the epi of athats and swe feta pegncy or hand ijn the had sot suscep toma Jor changes at dead the pesfonmance ofthe Sst. Mat onmercal stems [85] and some reser sue [1011] equ the users w tou the sensing eves. However, tere tealsohandiage acquisition systems tha ae based on contac. ies design [1213] Recent some esenrches have as explored {he Se oF 3D ae geomet [0- Apart rr andere. print recognition emerges 2 promising ans techoloy [415] al pris reer tthe Sooty ng pate Tome by aerating reas and "Wuhan the par suaceo the hand. Most pepe hae tree finial ns, wh af ned asthe heat ine, bead le, bd Stn vole sees he ton ad oe es ity or he pln prin Mos of he established palm pent eos fon research az CCD ase senor [4161 There ae aso esearch whieh make use of egal camera [17] and 3 Sane is, ala kc pnts on te her han, fro the pena sigs onthe pa uc fingers pti ty are ‘hres the hrrntl ike es ditto the pale Ses ofthe uc ones of he Hgts) Knee rts re ferent fram Singnrpcnes in sch 2 may ta the fingerprint ae ‘hedge terns appearing onthe surface fhe grap: whe uc rns eet the exon ceases ing rund the ck 16 Tama tne pt sgn ey ew ome tmthe finger for ection crn, here ate ony ee rks Sty palmar Inui pn so meee carer [1192 ‘There ae also ater researchers who vestigate the ws of 6a rack pn a oof personel ete [20.211 Hand en refers tothe asa pater ood win pater seconded foun uerneath the human Si. Every person has Unique srueture and pion af vets, ad ths does nt change ‘icy ante ots 2) ee ta omposton of te human tises the wen oaten cane ob Served under ifr ht Inthe heat the IR 23.26 ad (2526 sources were use o capture the had Ws mags Many esearch ad combined theif han dais Incense acaracy ofthe systems Majoaty othe wos combined ‘angen shape and pt 1427 2) Thee wee Giger hand geometry. and palm pri [30], and so hand seers palm print and awe pe [31 Recent ses = Sa =e a oc = amare (28) Hand rome pmo ferme Fe coieion ae scnren-225 mimes ttm nna oan ‘Tae (23) Palm vin pam erse Se Sere SM cmt Bag SES Se Bea mtn See eee ee eee a fares penagnczarad een ice analyze he fusion of pln pian pln ‘in [532 These ad modes had been combed atthe fe {ure ee [723123] and coe level 1133-8), Fusion methods gg fo Spl sua as average ia aes [1839[ 0 more camptcated toss He SUM snd earl networks [55371 had been named. ger though te fs scheme Improves the veal ceurey neces computation Cos ad temple sie atthe same tne Tale T surmise ston ‘oetods using he vous hand modalities As thee ae no Sta Sint ton men an ena ahs ai we (he capac doves the meer of ops tage per reer {he use of gldane peas the atures se ad te mate ‘eeu, 5 Proposed solution 1s sc pops a aovate mud Donate ‘eonaleneiton Fp depicts the framework ofthe propos ‘ltd! hand based boner Sse 1. Deg and mpeenttion of custo device ‘We design an aciston device mich could capture both color and infare hand aes 20, The haimare setup ofthe caper ingavices shown in Fi 2. The aeulstion dee consis of wo toot aging that ate muted ie by seine deve. ‘Theat imaging unt sued to aur sible ight inages whe {he second fr obtaining nated ages Bh uns ae comer ‘Sly swale ef the shel beams: Warm gh bls Se placed around the mang units to inate the had image {inert The bubs em yellows ight Sure which Fi Pier |e] i sate || ven || nce Fie 1 rm e prpad outesBamat ne mail hd a © tps to enhance the ine pte on the pl an igs. To fre mage we doa we ay specie aera stad tee moa the ornary webcam to bear esesiove camer ‘he webcam wd for ned imoging i eed witha eared Tene ier locks the aie {na ight and ose thet to each the Season ths ste nd ae Ete sc mss tal asa Dm es te Bs ay We have experimented wh diferent types of neared EDs snd those tng gi the ange B80 0920 rove ively ood contast ofthe ven pater Auer pape used more norm aeund tbe maging un sing stn ei th wo potion No ‘er has aly stretch hse fingers apart Thee ho ge fee peer fo resant te users hand The User can place Hyer hand naturally above te sensor. The’ optimal viewing eo forthe austin Sense 25cm fom the suc the inapng unit We alow a tleabl focus range a 25cm 24cm) to permit moe etn or the sera neat with te device. he anit ose bc stntn his study, andar PC with ttl Cove 2 Gund processor (24s) and 072 RAM as use. The prog as deve ped wing Vial Sto NET 2008 Te neve provides ect. tena hat hee pig ae a oy worse vim the Rls ofthe palm and fingers were cepted Sh stored a bemap format fom the iso sequence The hand image was detected ea-me video sequence 3s. The ‘ge resltan was 640 = 480 pie wh color output sy 25s (ie prc, Te diy ie bene at me 12 even and erection of han res ‘The Competive Hand ate Detection Agi pops in ol ono ak he hind prs sb ey {he fingers hich serve a the foundation fr locsting hereon tress RO ofthe hard features Pa 3 deplete ana Doms detected sits meted Aer the ROS of he pal ad fingers ate late, we depy a seheme named ocala an RE ie he ota a pos @ o) england repro ings rs) pei mn opr ol agenMies @ Fe ape Din ab pin pan 04 ‘owen ote yt ampliying the ps. coves whieh part ofthe image contains Important ines ana ide pater and amples ony these areas ‘Now pas ter fstpped on he gal sage yo dain {bur ersion ofthe ate ng Ts nage a ke a as fee the ridges inthe image feta 2 igh ps ior tect the ge does ry he Br apis research Gaus tan fer with = ad Laplacian fies te poy fr this pupose Next we bate Tue and apay some morptaaga pertors ike opening and csingtcliinate unwanted ise = ‘ins Last, we fea ee 00 he onal mae to apy the Hage regan, Cha) ton -{ien hese) Is the enhanced image and the cote 1 Axerine the lee fens se to hhh the nig te, i tone =1Te lwer the value ofthe more the rd tern wil be arp ed (he dike the tea wil be). The flew determined Empl sing the develope Set ths pape fig shows the res of applying the URE meted on the diferent hand Aer eaancng quit of he ages, Duetiona Cai |) 5 eon estes These hand Fests cota sina etre Ir primany mie op fine primtves For example, palm pnts fre made up of stone rns ies and some hin wri, whist patar auele pts comprise symmety ceases and Seti Te ater the i ven wh cn aa {ploy snp method peta the nrminative ne ee tim om the tileren hand estes. iven a mae onan any hand far the Sobel operator i ed to dete the ne fdgesinhonzomal vera," and 43 onentatons Ate ta, ‘he outpt sample ys dtemined using the orl wre on) denotes he esonss ofthe Sobel maskin the our Sections hea veal sa5- and 45) ands" (1.2 3.) ‘sy cert it ay ected Cray code wed 5 Features spect 2.3. aang hand omer tars We we a deen approach to exact the nd scomety fs ture. Fpl and geome Stems requle fay pecs os toning of the han on he sensor lator i ede to aban ‘vor metsurement a the hand However, te design of the Shove the senor The sere can potion he ands farther oro ‘ertothe srr and they eon even te th ands in ire Girectons. e's wea the hand tan appear ler or small, Sirecting a deren ages nthe ages n oer wend, thee Iowa for uso entre and neque tania and constant and ew «tH tn view of ths sua, we resolve na to take the absalute somatic atibtes ofthe hand stan, we we relive mea ofthe igre ae teen a of rg al Dnysal trytes of the Rand, For example the rat remains fhe same o ate the image appease o Small. The Same ‘pple tothe angles between wo postions nore to atin scale or station invariant some eg othe ges represented as (hi 1.5) can be date ‘ind by messing the distance lm the bie ote po he Sager The with af the nger abled Uff 1 were = eons the ested mber finger wath semen he hah anbe ound extending ale perpediul othe el ofthe finger. to touch te hand comur e tho hep de ‘ote tw is estas ase on te eg of nee (0 of ‘hei athens he igh ofthe OL he Poston ‘he postion of wis because ths in is more stabi than the her Fecaton If we tke half af fy represent the pa Wieecto, hs ibe wi be cosing the eagin aa ner the rund. ‘his are is cred between the thumb and the nde ager The ‘easement ton srund ths sen wil ot be very flab a {he poston ofthe thumb vay vars considera asthe wee ‘owes Hse thm closers tlm the Rand. Therefore ‘eon fake te line crossing one th the eit ofthe ROL {Ovo the apna ares By hang aed al hese gore strbues, we an compute he elite ato among hese etre, foreseen ‘We tz smi loeations othe ager valleys to cate the ance etre fhe han The ne Yale hae depicted [ig Ar these angles ae contained in tar, hey ea Be ome ing the cose a etn 35. eseie aces He o te aan ot ils eo ee ante nh mest om cg ea "hese ta sets 7D fete However we oy want taker mm numberof fares raved redundant information There fore. we study the cretion ofthese feats and select ony ‘one features with high creaton We pron te corto lysis by using 30 hand images tro 36 sujet in the deve pment set Stuy Shows tara aber othe amet eatures $l igh creation for esample ur analysts shows thatthe Fgh ofthe index ee Ny coed withthe wath of {hepa As such we oly aos tose eatres having ow cme lation ation om te fre st nes ase we cn make sre the selected acu fe ih ot pert pendent fen uch the ie 9 stats a sample tort apc the had Soe eae tr expen West 134 te {cory ae speed of execution Some ofthe scected fears ‘ode hha fan Roa es, we ave 3 ee Set of features nou experimen 54. Pasion aproac “Te sum-sd fusion le is used cosa the matching seoesprodced by the dierent tae edie. tues have Shown that sm rule provides good ress a compared to other Scion evel sion emis ke Heibood rata foson Tat peural networks [30] and deeson tes 2 Aneer es00 ‘we do nt aol sophisticated fsiontechngue nou wx 5 be {Sose our dataset as ben reason ceased by the image ee cen ete raion sg (wl be sha the thorough evaluation we wish t eae the tse of non timea “tesiieston to supper Yecr ache (SM) ke Moped for ins purpose. Sv sa type of machine arin tea which teed on struct Hk Mnimzation (SRM pen. ha as selina by ig ebay ec lier on seer lana pter soon probles [Bb In ths reser te Rall Basi Kernel RB Fonction 1 ‘olor RE eral dened 3 ) waa Kon ( co 2.5. Inwrprating image quality in son scheme We incorporate image quality assessment method in ur fosion schemeto obtain beter performance Wefst examine te ql fe mages captured by the nuging devee We dstabute moe ‘eign to ever qulty image whe fsion Is petomed The ignment org wea toate quity hag swt when Sees he mages ander ee pal pits infared ght {Sesion Sometimes. the ein maps may not appest lest fhe tothe meal onion of thes Uke Tick ey se bastuctng the subcutaneous lood vessel) thus, Is net _—-— = Be: Be:ropit to sign equal weight betwen these poor cut intages and chose having cer pater. We design an eraluaton method to asses the dehass of see the agen We guyana ly {GUcN0 (51 We observe that several GUCM mesures ike con trae variance, and corsatan caractere age Quy Cetiast the chief neato or mage qual. An mae wih high conrast potas dk and vise ine extre-Vanaee and ‘omen ae aso god ints fae quay. Rte quay saps lo have alr corn nan ‘aan a eorelaton fo he palm pin ae palm ve imap. ‘When we sale the maps ed tat ages eons sina amount o textural Ifaton eld sar measte- ens or conta, vance, nd colton, Both the pa pin Int pain vin images forthe fst pero. or nstanc, cota Peny of extra! information Thun ths CLM etre, pe Sil thecontast a, do a wanymuch However the eto iseleay mare ble n hepa print mage tan the aim Image fo the second person not spring to find thatthe palm prin image contais tc ger cons value than the es image in hs epee 15.1 Malelingfzyinerece ston etmage quay mets nal conta. valance and coe lation are fa input Co 2 fizzy inference spt. Each ofthe fag Sets ace modeled byte ncn as depicted Fe tase ‘Te rembersip uncon ae formed by Gaussian Frcs oF a combinton of Causan fein given by fas enere 6 aoe cates the cent of the peak an cates the with of ‘he aston. The panes area ofthe ener fae "Snare determin y alan te st peri oes g the levee st “econo forthe image quay measures ar expressed by ne zy IF-THEN rues: The peal cnet fr dee ‘he output or mage qual the convas value The ue qua {iy Bind ee cn vate 8 ae ane Te oe fe the cut vale when the cont wae i made, Tirecen re are sed to chascterice aay rls The mah open for these rules ae £ ry ry @ wo iG KE ‘eo @ Fu 38 Mri fn dle he pt iis) The ns prices) The watineBece 0)Te oan pees (Oa+ fat ne inpats are avurabl igh ontas igh saan, ae low clan the outpat i set to gh. sft inputs are a the cup val 1 determine primay a ee : re ih colton} the ott et ew ‘We use the Madam reasoning method terre the fuzzy sec res. This technique i adopted becuse Ws ntutive ad ‘ois wel with hunan apt he output membership uneoas $e grea Orch Te up i functions athe inp ses (emanation of Gaus anc). The deze opt sere ae recorded In Table 2 The opt ‘aloes adequately rect te quit fhe npu mags eh rhe atthe better he ig quay Me iii up al te ging in {ndvial outputs ofthe omens clases, the dfazefed oat Dut ean be inerperated ito the weir 28 od ds.) ‘ier and forthe mamber of borer spe, an tere {othe etuzted ouput vale for he biome samples. Ne ewekhteaectorcanenbe puto eso heme pe «Experiments and discuss In this research we establish our own databae which con- ‘aie ana images apr simultane fom the same sib Ject in comactss sting using wetcam for ba ise and fefated sets We acqued the hard images fom 136 sho ohn eeu at we on 0 yes NMaavs Indians Aan, and Arabians Most of therm were ‘eo and care from Maite nies To investigate how wel the system could dentty ula worn palmucle fics due fo labore work, we had aso sted 1 anasto nent thes hand images toaster Ten samples were ap Ste cach han ch eth sap ee dn fog the 136 ase nthe database te samples fom 36 users ‘heres athe deveopmet st whi the samples rm the est latte users were deployed a the evaluation set Te development See was used to fn the eptina prametr of te alga in fur experiment. Some sample vse and oka Hand ages sett oP and 12 4, franc fun modal ha biomes ‘We conducted expesinents to evaluate the pevfarmanc of the snl ind ats The pope ea ah bm in, palmar knoe prin per vein A the eat Hamming distance was ppd cunt the it ailerence Bete fo feature set The vals af the matching seoes were dst ‘te in he ange 10.1 surements etalne from the hand images fo example the ao Decne be gh nwt he ae vet ‘een to fete es Thee math coe were in dina ‘ottonand they could spread vers wide ange of aes Inve fat we wanstorme these matching sores othe [01a by singe n-max orator. way he math ing tes for han ramety nthe same america cle 85 The other han etre “ie elrmances f te inviueMand mada te pe ses nae Te rents forbs he sr igh andere terete ake of tous alo heh tre The ales fr EER wee ae st he pen white FAR a eed Dearly equsle to FRI the experimen meas examined the Pevoamance of the system when FAR way ae OTR and Stor ar yh ee a ed System In ames etl splat cv oe fe to tec aden reskin could ete ape coment thesystem Therefore of paramount inperance to eae "ne the iv ads do not yi sti eat. Only pai em perm ely beer by ng EAR spproniatey equals 7% when FA se fo 000% Ts ‘eit ere ce combine tes oats ede to brain peomising esl We aso Sonera theres or ath OF the hans do one ayia Tos imple tat be wes Gan seeker hand to sess he Biome stem Ths fan sags cya eye rn ce tons tampered othe ands yay ne ee a Sete thon by ng oer and Ar oe ha show ing the ser tue ath a recs the chance en ase sted Th ges the wet more canes of esa ad Urey ede the nonvnineo rhg denied scr "tha heres for hand genet reared in the enous experiments were generated wing te og len unr ina teh vl wy he ud ag a nga Sil infomation no cation proces the ha mages tere captured simultaneous wing the bean infarc There the get infomation for both he age na Seviate much ssh there no pt fsng the vo ages eh contain hgh cores notion. As es we ot hese ite ure he a eed ‘sie ad infrared light are shawn in Fg. 13, We abserve that the Performan er a pes a apo bth hand ae es Tally sar We ested tose the ae eh imaes 3 t peroneal beter thnthe viable eh ages. Te are gms were suo sed for he subsequent experinent. Dest ews pon oo athe par ce pit nd fv ners. This bens the combination fom al gs he inagn were concatenated side by sie) i te at pr Imnceasompaed ond ge Fi 14 shows he com five reuks among the sage of een ges for palmar ine pn tiger vein mages et hand 42. Peormanc of ina! aetrie 421, Any of loner ears Colston nasi ind expen is inpotnt oder rune thet asctminatory power, data separa. and Ilr thon complemenary bity. A common ay To Healy the ‘omen which ext between te exerts ta analy the Shrove mae by them The sion ean be very effete tector mace y the cases sre highs decreas nother, Seon the lower the enelaton ale the moe fete the Fiona beams,e.g 2 212) 104 co @ © © @ © 0 @ a n) @ @ wo he 1 Snes it a ci pt ms ‘We peroamed sata! analysis to measure the coclaton among the ameic medaes The cna ana wt {St pt tetertightr aout the sen athe relatos: Song the individual experts aed how the experts complet ‘ich other. We computed the colton cece mat ws the decison scores generated by the iret biomes a the esl shown in Table 418 genera the comeation amon the ‘ths dp sa ge Se ‘ong the oeltion ves sown Tale 4 the oration beeen pal ven as ge en st higher 5 compared to ‘herons Weel hat his scnao seasonal as he palm ad) o o ( 0 fr © @ ® o o « 2, Sipe tis ge wept tan sr sae. ete. ‘pat am statistical analysts we alo pred isl inspec ‘ion a nvestigate the relssoship fate the bare a es. one way ta vulize he creation between wa expe is spate ben gap of he ene npn es ofthe genuine and impos scores ake he fh of Neth ‘spartd lars Tie ines thatthe corelton betweenTm ‘ingen 1968 bath aw — oo an tommy 36 eat on {he accray ath sion wo modi can be peice fom 2 hima 1s7 9597 408 ‘heir corelation strength. Rhee” San Sab me 422 Fon of be meda boners 3 Weary am ma a inthisexpenment we canine wo deca bomen apes ifsc am sat _ser8__ yng the sms son ae or ators we wl ie ‘hetolowang naming convention t dstingh ae my fan theaters oo erin pine a if ves PV Fe en toe THe Hand geome me ities Table 5 eerste rests wen we sed eo dient had 52 hed madties We observe that in gener the son approach aes Sn te ny tna had aes Ft Increase of 38m accuracy as compared tothe singe hand mov ita he son of pl prin and ng vin provid abut 5S sain nimororent. Ths phenomenon prety sate. eee eat ‘ard expeae ase combat of two wel promt 0 tm ely in in i nf ps le gy i ‘rect relationship been coreien an sca. ar inane, the ower the cael, te her the aeeray ate Decween to fears Ts am Itresting sty to Investigate whether pts wl fhe enhance the overall accuracy. However, we [ea poor pfomang expert wk «sod piri ene the ‘curry ofthe goed psorming exper be feed For ear ‘ie the fan of palm vein and cle pi yl treme fous inn aceuracy of aout compared to ste kucle prim exper Nevers the ston lneured a op of Oi curacy compare tothe performance of Sanam palm vet ‘per. is experiment esa suggests ht eteme ca needs to Setaken when we Use wo dais Theo exert tobe fused ‘mt comparable in prtormanee, Oe: the fon mht ‘ota n provement othe over ptr but gh [St degrade the etormane fhe stander expe ‘at rm verifying the acura ate ofthe ston method we aso ws tolmestigate the eatnshipbtten acura andr ‘elton, We want fo fod cut wheter tee Is iret aston between these two purancts We hypotesi h lower the ton er te acy wb Ths peta Son il be more levi he eosin vale iw (45) ‘We inccated oor dam by using thee hypotess tet with 2 ‘955 signcance level Let the ml hypothesis be Hp =O tat nies thee no decton relonship beeen craton itd accuracy and Hp that means tht here iniant ‘tpendancy between the to vals, We oa the cal ate vale =F /F3 = 0.285) y = 0857 where n denotes ‘me uber ofsampe data (we Rave en cabins fleet ‘rprt and eferstotheccatn coterie om fhe samples The vale fis derived ing the coeton sles Shown in Table 4 apd the acuracy rote taken at GAR when FAR"0001 recordedin Tabled. The via wich beeenon theives yy = #2308 sunpetsthat we donate the ul ype: Therefore this res Imps there a US fvodence to support ou am tht thee 1 die sscanon be tween ovation and scuacy when we fse two bometic oti ater Th ved soe oii baie (ven in Take 4 he contain conic! prety gh ‘825 Bur wen we chek the fon acura in Tabet sows 2 god Eo 034% Sma te cretion coetiient beeen Inge vem and hand geet s very ow at -0006 butt ves or fon vest fc EER at only 13 (ote tat the coeaton Sieeton, poste or agate. does at inact the coven ‘song Therefore, we woul sy tht creation could provide ‘some inspite abou the ndersingrelonip between fo ‘xen neveriess eu na ety tl show wel te feson res wil be 422 Psion of ter modaies mths tes we analy the performance when we se the or more capes gether Tae abe? apd Table 8 eo the Son eat or ee, aan fe modes espace. We bree that the fasion af three eyes of exper, namely pal in, pln vind ger vin, can el BR aw 3 The fEtoite and imposter sores dstbutens depicted i He 15 fac ae tear of vo wel separated ste provide peru $n denna hg ea te oun Staahtorwaré to explate ca the fen of pe experts aso five mgungperermance. rom Tole ap Tale we observe {hat he ists a four an ve pes experts vl very ow 424. Fusion sing support ver aches this pot of stu. ne examin the we of fer or Sion apreah n the previous experiments, we were wig Su fue ner sed etd To Re the dileren capers Aah Sm rl an yids rerl espe nha tse ‘ormore motes, the Fanon res can be farther proved by fepoyng snow ear lasiteation too A comparative dof ‘sng the Sumrte and SVM meted s presented In Tab 9. “Toe scores from the dilerenc modaliies are summed ogee 2nd ee to SU asthe np Note tat, SYM ith Cass ada iiss Function (RF eres ints experinent as see. The Sed the ange of 001 to 1.0, The best parameters eter inthe test using the devlopmee Se and sped It the Tn ths observation 352 whol, SM has ele to reduce he erates ofthe stn ofthe exper The ipoverent patie sist cers ae ta pn way he on Sits alee eam a noniear econ plane which cul sep State car aatasets mec, Nevertheless SVM dd oie ny aati advantage as compare sumfue when we se eae and ve experts Tis brese fer these eves of ison Sine oud aeady ed OC EER 45. eenson fz weld ually based son 1 ander to tes the peopese uz weigh (FW) sage us bse fasion ochre af oe cad tt an expr ‘ent to evatae the techni. F 16 pies the comparison of Slvng the proposed fuzy weighted mtd over the sand Sb sumule ana SYM fs apraaches We observe hat the ‘efoance of the futon meth could be proved by np "tng the age quay assent seme. Te gan prove ‘en pry vie wen te Fary- ced uly ie pap ty ed an shee lr a aveee ) © er © 44 Syed pefrmance ‘espe demonstrated by the propose system shows hat thas prombsng potent be implemented in er ime applcaton Ase rom assessing the ccc) of the propose method we ato wate to evaluat the sped athe stem The ite aka fo ‘heute ach step systems sted in abe 10 Nae ta the 5. Comeasions and future work Feported time was the weap ne ake process an np Sue fora sabe The ttl exccton ie aken oven asujet_—_Today, theres demand for mare consumer convene bio- ‘tas approamaely 2s when we combined al males gether. mete prods Infact the USAS secrete poverament eaetice ein rd ed ae Body ARPA (ecligence Atanced Rte Pres Atv) (rms [0] Ts paersnvestgates the techrigues fo aoe tole hand features fom thease under “eax contacts ‘Sting while maining gov recpntion performance We ‘emetic dat rm the srs without hving the sre to Nv tal ant wa ary suace, The cokactess sensor cane ent for wer who erly peesea the hands above te eve ‘eseaton canbe periment O01 sto a traned se, ironed cota ec cil ls sae ‘ation capability withthe use of only one sensor. captures mut De band features whihincae an gromeey. palm pila hulp pam ve anger en forecgnicon ate sae time lhe mgigeoniponentsarcanpucisietbe sensor and ating is vse onthe sensor suc. Thettore, the ers ae ‘mpl hele rom ehecomplesty of meme omer vies, the mere dee ce dae retire expen Sette apparatus nr sealed configuration setup Wen Wwedesgned sense weteato ke seat commercial va be offesbet imogng unis and lighting components ‘ey. athe searchers coulda erode ou ws taut a Ingo tse ge santa ney. Apt a thao System rover ood eon prance =r EER code scieed teen we fe rufpe fetus rpete. Terre our system {ould provide sr convenience without acc crt “Ts sty has sawed umber finest estarch oss tes which nde the detection and acquston of doa vein sate poe ts he i a ce i pat also be cated ad use nthe syste Howes: the aeausion tere seep fo image the back ofthe hand, Terefore. caret onsdration mit be taken 0 nse succes falition of the system i awed apc. Besse wl as be ene il ose up a spool and lines detection component Vein Ieognien te welrknown fore ant-spooting and veiest fret capable ae corre to palm pinto ger be {Soc the wept esa nthe bya ec oso [25] Besides, ony the ven of 2 Ing person can be decd Because he vein putter poers the more deoxided emrlobin stops owing trou the we However, scar Naldemonsrated ways counterfeit the ven ego system. For sample technical epee unde tbe contacto Fl ofthe Us comet had pied chat cn vn eon Deven Spot atak against the bometie sem oerences ra ity he sy Tere. 0 atria eto tn cra es mets hoa at Se ence aainaaat 1 ce te ad Re hcg rises (eet Hier EE am Frans ey 3 (S00) 88 baw Siecle ces eae im oi se ‘ar Sane mg vena den aust ie See St eect ” i cote PE a eee see ” ee an COM. 1 Ey oe SE a iene es ee acne ee es va el AEE pm mmcctae eaees we ieee es San‘eta sd trl A fhe ne oe manatee Etna (ene i tr came a on. 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