ADVERB & PARALLEL DANGLING

NOUN PRONOUN
INVERSION STRUCTURE MODIFIER
01 02 03 04 05

RIGHT FORM
PROVERBS
OF VERB
14 APPROPRIATE 06
VOCABULARY

TRANSLATION
15
E-01 PREPOSITION
16 CAUSATIVE &
SUBJUNCTIVE
13 07

COMPLETING MODAL AFF. NEGA.

SUFFIX-PREFIX CONDITIONALS
SENTENCE AUXILIARIES AGREEMENT

12 11 10 09 08
 Noun

Basis on Sensibility: Basis on Counting:

Two types Two types

Concrete Noun Abstract Noun Countable Noun Uncountable Noun

Proper Noun Proper Noun Material Noun

Common Noun Common Noun Abstract Noun

Collective Noun Collective Noun

Material Noun
 NOUN
 Proper Noun
A proper noun is a name that identifies a particular person, place, or thing.
e.g. Bangladesh, Karim, Dhaka, Rome, New Year etc.
 The Padma is a river. Choose the correct parts of speech of the underlined word.
(a) Collective noun (b) Pronoun
(c) Abstract noun (d) Proper noun

 Common Noun
A common noun is a noun that refers to people or things in general.
e.g. man, boy, girl, student, teacher, doctor, book, pencil, pen, candle, cow
 I recognized your voice at once.
(a) Common (b) Proper
(c) Collective (d) Abstract
 NOUN
 Material Noun
Material Noun are names of materials or substances out of which things are made. Ex: gold, iron,
silver etc.

 “This necklace is made of gold.” Here ‘gold’ is ––––––––

(a) Collective Noun (b) Abstract Noun
(c) Material Noun (d) Proper Noun

 Collective Noun
Collective nouns refer to groups of people or things, e.g. audience, family, government, team, jury. In
American English, most collective nouns are treated as singular, with a singular verb:
 The audience remains seated during the intermission
(a) Proper noun (b) Collective noun
(c) Common noun (d) Abstract noun
 NOUN
 Abstract Noun
An abstract noun is a noun which refers to ideas, qualities, and conditions- things that cannot be
seen or touched and things which have no physical reality, e.g. truth, danger, happiness, time,
friendship, humor.

 ‘Forgiveness is a great virtue.’ বাক্যে forgiveness শব্দটি কযান প্রযাক্েে noun?

(a) Proper Noun (b) Common noun
(c) Abstract Noun (d) Collective Noun

 What type of noun the word ‘Chemistry’ is?

(a) abstract (b) material
(c) proper (d) common
 FORMATION OF NOUN
-ure -ness -y
-iour -hood
-dom
-ance
-age -ship
-ety
-ar
Verb Adjective
-ty
-er
-ism
-or
Noun -cy
-ing
-tion
-sion
-e -ment
-ce -al
-th -ence
 POLL-01
The correct Noun of ‘brief’ is-

(a) brief

(b) briefable

(c) brevity

(d) broad
 POLL-02
Choose the correct sentence.

(a) He speaks many English.

(b) We need few furnitures.

(c) We have a lot of work to do in summer.

(d) It was much informations you wanted.

 POLL-03
__________ doctors could show ___________ courage before the pandemic.

(a) Little, few

(b) Only a few, a little

(c) Only few, a little

(d) A few, fewer

 NOUN
 Countable & Uncountable Noun
Countable Noun: গণনাক্ াগে। ক মন: Chair, Table, Mobile, Book etc.
Uncountable Noun: অগণনাক্ াগে। ক মন: Sand, Furniture, News etc.
 Determiners Before Count & Non-count Noun
COUNT NOUNS NON-COUNT NOUNS
SOME ANY, NO + PL. SOME , ANY, NO + PL.
 I have some problems.  I have some time.
 I don't have any problems.  I don't have any time.
 I have no problems.  I have no time
FEW, A FEW, FEWER, FEWEST + pl. LITTLE, A LITTLE, LESS, LEAST
 There were few people at the concert.  There is little hope that he will survive.
 There were a few people at the concert.  There is a little hope that he will survive.
 We had fewer computers a year ago.  Tim should spend less time on the computer.
 This medicine has the fewest side effects.  This medicine does the least harm.
 NOUN
COUNT NOUNS NON-COUNT NOUNS
MANY, MORE, MOST, MOST OF THE + pl. MUCH, MORE, MOST, MOST OF THE
 There were not many people at the concert.  There is not much hope that he will survive.
 More people came to the concert than xpected.  There is more hope that he will survive.
 Most mammals live on land.  Most furniture is made of wood.
 Most of the visitors were art students.  Most of the time I'm not at home.

A LOT OF, LOTS OF, PLENTY OF + pl. A LOT OF, LOTS OF, PLENTY OF
 There are a lot of tables and chairs in the room.  We have a lot of space in the car.
 There are lots of tables and chairs in the room.  We have lots of space in the car.
 There are plenty of tables and chairs in the  We have plenty of space in the car.
room..
A NUMBER OF + pl. AN AMOUNT OF
 A number of questions arose at the meeting.  The word budget means an amount of
money we have available to spend.
 POLL-04
Which of the following is correct?

(a) Between you and I, I doubt that he would come.

(b) Finally Rafiul helped you, me & her .

(c) Father decided to take you & myself to the market.

(d) They all want to attend the meeting in time .

 TYPES OF PRONOUN
1. Personal Pronoun:
A personal pronoun is used instead of a person. Such as: I, you, he, she, we, they and who.

 Which one is the correct sentence given below?

(a) You, I and he went there.
(b) He, you and I went there.
(c) I, you and he are guilty.
(d) You, I and he went there.

2. Indefinite Pronoun:
An Indefinite Pronoun refers to an indefinite or non-specific person or thing.
Such as: (every/some/any/no)one, (every/some/any)body.
 POLL-05
It is ____________ the work smartly in time frame.

(a) him who does

(b) him who do

(c) he who does

(d) he who do
 TYPES OF PRONOUN
3. Interrogative Pronoun:

An Interrogative Pronoun is used to ask question. It helps to ask about something.

Interrogative Pronouns are who, which, what, whom, whose; as well as whoever, whomever,

whichever and whatever.

 Whose are these books? = Interrogative Pronoun.

 Whose books are these? = Interrogative Adjective.

 “Whom did you meet yesterday? Here the word ‘whom’ is –––––––– Pronoun.

(a) Relative (b) Interrogative

(c) Demonstrative (d) None of the above

 POLL-06

Which of the following has not used Relative Pronoun?

(a) I like people who smile a lot.

(b) There is a program tonight which you might like.

(c) Which book do you like?

(d) Those who want tickets can get them from the office.
 TYPES OF PRONOUN
4. Relative Pronoun:

A Relative Pronoun is a pronoun that introduces or links one phrase or clause to another in the sentence.

Such as: who, whose, whom, which, that

Tell me _______ that.

(a) whom told you

(b) that told you

(c) who told you

(d) told you

 TYPES OF PRONOUN
5. Distributive Pronoun:
A distributive pronoun considers members of a group separately, rather than collectively.
Such as: Each, either, neither
 Each of the sons followed _______ father’s trade.
(a) their (b) her
(c) whose (d) his

6. Reflexive Pronoun:
Reflexive Pronoun refers back to the subject in the sentence.
Such as: (My/your/him/her)self, (our/your/them)selves.
 He wanted nobody ______ to know ______ the treasure was hidden.
(a) except him, what (b) but himself, where
(c) else, which (d) and him, when
 TYPES OF PRONOUN
7. Reciprocal Pronoun:
A Reciprocal Pronoun refers the relations between two or more persons or things.
Such as : Each other, one another।
 Identify the correct sentence.
(a) The family members love to each other.
(b) The family members love away each other.
(c) The family members love between each other.
(d) The family members love each other.

8. Demonstrative Pronoun:
A Demonstrative Pronoun particularly point out a noun. Such as: This, that, these, those, it
 The students of Bangladesh are more meritorious than ________ of the USA.
(a) that (b) those
(c) all (d) another
 POLL-07
“His fever is too much high to ignore.” The underlined word is a/an _________

(a) Adjective

(b) Adverb

(c) Noun

(d) Pronoun
 ADVERB
Simple Adverb
Adverb of Manner
An adverb is a part of speech that provides greater description
to a verb, adjective, another adverb, a phrase, a clause, or a Adverb of Place
sentence.
Adverb of Time
Adverb of Degree

Uses of Adverb
Modifying Example
An Adjective Kamrul is a very decent boy.
A Verb Reza runs quickly.
An Adverb Ranu sings extremely well.
A Preposition The bird flew exactly over our head.
A Conjunction I dislike her simply because she is very rude.
A Sentence Obviously, I know everything.
 POLL-08
Choose the correct sentence.

(a) He acted in a cowardly manner.

(b) He acted coward manner.

(c) He acted in cowardly.

(d) He acted in coward manner.

 POLL-09
Choose the correct sentence.

(a) He prefers taking coffee to tea.

(b) She likes walking, lying & enjoy the natural beauty .

(c) Mom sat & talks with me.

(d) Talking or gossiping? Which one do you want?

 PARALLELISM

Parallelism is the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or
similar in their construction, sound, meaning, or meter. Parallelism examples are found in
literary works as well as in ordinary conversations.

rich handsome many people like him

Not parallel: Peter is , , and .
[adjective] [adjective] [clause]

rich handsome Popular

Parallel: Peter is , and .
[adjective] [adjective] [adjective]

to fish swim surfing

Not parallel: She likes , and .
[infinitive] [simple form] [verb+ing]

to fish to swim to surf

Parallel: She likes , and .
[infinitive] [infinitive] [infinitive]

fishing swimming surfing

OR, She likes , and .
[verb+ing] [verb+ing] [verb+ing]
 POLL-10
Smaller and flatter than an orange, _______

(a) a tangerine is easy to peel and its sections separate readily

(b) the peel of a tangerine is easily removed and its sections are readily separated

(c) It’s easy to peel a tangerine and to separate its sections

(d) it is to peel a tangerine easily and separate its sections readily

 DANGLING MODIFIER
 A misplaced modifier is a participial phrase or other modifier that comes before the subject, but
does NOT refer to the subject.
 While walking along the road, a box was found by Rahim. (INCORRECT)
 While walking along the road, Rahim found a box. (CORRECT)

Dangling Modifier Structure Simple Sentence

Present Participle
Past Participle
Perfect Participle
Perfect Participle Passive
Adjective Phrase
Before/After/while/by/upon+
Preposition + v3
Expressions with like or unlike
Verbinc + object
V3 + Object
Having + v3
Subject + verb + .....
Having + been + v3
(এই simple sentence টি active
adjective & adjective অথবা passive উভয়ই হক্ে পাক্ে।
ving ...
Unlike/like + nouns.
 RIGHT FORMS OF VERB
Type -01
 এয বা এযাটিয Singular subject এে পূ ক্বে টনম্নটিটিে determiners গুক্িা থাযক্ি verb সািােণে
singular হয়।

Each, either, neither, one, none, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody,
something, everyone, everybody, everything

Choose the best answer choice:

 Each class has 30 male and 30 female students.
 Nobody likes a liar.
 Neither of the players scored enough runs.
 Something is better than nothing.

 One of the baskets full of rotten apples was thrown away.

 POLL-11
Neither the poor nor the misery of people  no bound.

(a) know

(b) knows

(c) both a & b

(d) none of these

 RIGHT FORMS OF VERB
Type -02
 টনক্েে শব্দ ক াড়া বা Pair of words- গুক্িা টিক্য় িুটি subject ু ক্ত হক্ি শব্দ ক াড়াে টিেীয় অংশ অথোৎ, but,
but also, or, nor- এে পক্ে ক subject থাক্য, verb কয োে সাক্থই agree যেক্ে হক্ব।
Not...............................................but
Not only...................................... but also
Either.........................................or
Neither.......................................nor

Choose the best answer choice:

01. Not only Shawleen but also her brothers  money to buy goods for tomorrow’s field trip.
(a) need (b) needs
(c) is needing (d) has need

02. Either the governor or one of his close aides prefer not to have the Senator seat at the head of
a b c

the table where he would be conspicuous.

d
 RIGHT FORMS OF VERB
Type -03
along with, together with, in addition to,  পাক্শে words- গুক্িাে নাম accompaniment or
among with, including to, as well as, and Accompaniment টিক্য় এযাটিয subject ক াগ যো হক্ি
not, accompanied by আক্গে subject অনু ায়ী verb-এে form টনিোটেে হয়।

Choose the best answer choice:

 His dog, as well as his cat and goldfish, prevents him from taking long trips.
 Sunlight along with rains and snow causes plants to grow.
 Cliffs TOEFL together with some books is helpful for learning grammar.
• Mim, accompanied by her rabbits,  the beauty of rainbow after the rain.
(a) see (b) admires
(c) both a & b (d) none of these
 RIGHT FORMS OF VERB
Type - 04
 Collective noun বাক্যেে Subject হক্ি এবং যো collectively যা যেক্ি verb singular হক্ব| টযন্তু িন
group এে member-ো individually যা যে, েিন subject টি plural হয় এবং plural verb গ্রহণ যক্ে।
Incorrect : The Jury is arguing over several issues concerning this case.
Correct : The Jury are arguing over several issues concerning this case.
The jury were unable to reach a verdict. (The individual jurors could not come to a decision.)
টনক্েে chart টি িক্ষ্ে যক্োোঃ
Audience Faculty Police Community Herd
Band Family Public Flock Committee
Chorus Group Series Troop team
Example:
 The congress has initiated a new plan to combat inflation.
 The organization has lost many members this year.
 Our team is going to win the game.
 RIGHT FORMS OF VERB
Type - 05
 A number of এে পে plural noun এবং Verb plural form এ হক্ব এবং The number of এে পে
plural Noun হক্িও Verb singular form এ হক্ব। অথোৎ-

a number of (অসংিে) + plural noun + plural verb the number of (টনটিেষ্ট সংিেয) + plural noun +
singular verb

 A number of teachers have been very helpful to the students

 The number of flood affected people has increased recently
 POLL-12

He helps me ____________ my presentations.

(a) to prepare

(b) prepared

(c) prepare

(d) a+c
 CAUSATIVE VERB
Causative Verb
The causatives are the verbs that are used to indicate that one person causes another person to
do something for the first person. One can cause somebody to do something for him/her by
asking, paying, requesting, or forcing the person.
Causative Verbs:
01. Get
02. Have
03. Make
04. Let
05. Help
This kind of verbs constitutes different structures for their sentences.
 CAUSATIVE VERB
Have:
Structure 1:
Subject + have (any tense) + object (usually person) + base form of verb + . . . .
Example:
 John had Alex clean the bedroom.
 He always has me do his work.
 Mary will have Alex prepare her homework.
Structure 2:
Subject + have (any tense) + object (usually thing) + past participle form of verb + . . . .
Example:
 John had his car washed.
 He always has his work done.
 Mary will have her homework prepared.
 CAUSATIVE VERB
Get:
Structure 1:
Subject + get (any tense) + object (usually person) + infinitive + . . . .
Example:
 John got Alex to clean the bedroom.
 He always gets me to do his work.
 Mary will get Alex to prepare her homework.
Structure 2:
Subject + have (any tense) + object (usually thing) + past participle form of verb + . . . .
Example:
 John got his car washed.
 He always gets his work done.
 Mary will get her homework prepared.
 CAUSATIVE VERB
Make:
‘Make’ is stronger than ‘have/get’. It constitutes only one structure as it does not take anything
‘passive’ as its object.

Structure
Subject + make (any tense) + object (always person) + base form of verb + . . .

Example:
 Robert made me beat that little child.
 He always makes me do his work.
 Mary will make me prepare her homework.
 I made him wash my car.
 He makes me laugh whenever I am down.
 CAUSATIVE VERB
Let:
‘Let’ means ‘allow/permit’ but the use of ‘let’ in the sentence is different from these words.
Structure:
Subject + let (any tense) + object (always person) + base form of verb +. . .
Example:
 Robert let me escape the prison.
 Let me go. (Subject ‘you’ is hidden)
 The teacher let the students discuss among themselves.
 I let him drive my car.
 Let’s (let us) laugh and live a happy life.
The verb ‘permit’/’allow’ does not follow this structure. It follows the regular sentence pattern of
English language.
Subject + permit/allow + object + infinitive + . . . .
Example:
 John allowed him to drive his car.
 He always allows him to do that.
 The teacher allowed me to sit for the exams.
 CAUSATIVE VERB
Help:
Help is not actually a causative verb either but is generally regarded as a causative verb because
of its grammatical use in a sentence. It has two structures.
Structure 1:
Subject + help (any tense) + object (usually person) + base form of verb +. . .
Example:
 Robert helped me escape the prison.
 She helps me prepare my presentations.
 The teacher had helped the students understand a complex theory.
 I helped him learn driving.
 It will help you move on.
Structure 2:
Subject + help + object + infinitive + . . . .
Example:
 John helped him to lift his car.
 He always helps me to find my stuff.
 The teacher helped me to understand the topic.
 POLL-13
We proposed that he _____________ a vacation.

(a) to take

(b) takes

(c) take

(d) taking
 SUBJUNCTIVE
The subjunctive in English is the simple form of the verb when used after certain verbs indicating
that one person wants another person to do something. The word “that” must always appear in
subjunctive sentences. If ‘that’ is omitted, most of the verbs are followed by the infinitive.

We urge that he leave now.

We urge him to leave now.
VERB LIST
advise demand prefer require
ask insist propose stipulate
command move recommend suggest
decree order request urge
subject + verb + that + subject + [verb in simple form].... (any tense)

 The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking.

 We proposed that she go a leave
 I move that we adjourn until this afternoon.
 SUBJUNCTIVE
ADJECTIVE LIST
advised necessary recommended urgent
important obligatory required imperative
mandatory proposed suggested

It + be + adjective + that + subject + [verb in simple form]... (any tense)

 It is necessary that he find the books.
 It was urgent that she leave at once.
 It has been suggested that he forget the election.

I proposed that the vote _______ secret ballot.

(a) should be (b) be
(c) a/b (d) None of these
 AFFIRMATIVE . NEGATIVE AGREEMENT
 Affirmative Agreement
When indicating that one person or thing does something and then adding that another does the same, use the
word so or too. To avoid needless repetition of words from the affirmative statement, use the conjunction
and, followed by a simple statement using so or too. The order of this statement will depend on whether so or
too is used.

 I am happy, and you are too.

 I am happy, so are you.
01. I am a student.' The correct response may be —
(a) Neither am I (b) 'Me either'
(c) 'So am I (d) 'It's my pleasure!'
02. She was very exhausted and —
(a) the other were so (b) the others
(c) were also were (d) so the others
 POLL-14
You like swimming _________________ for

(a) and me too

(b) and I too

(c) and I also

(d) and so do I
 NEGATIVE AGREEMENT
 Negative Agreement
Either and neither function in simple statements much like so and too in affirmative sentences. However, either
and neither are used to indicate negative agreement. The same rules for auxiliaries, be and do, does, or did
apply.

 She is not in agreement, and I'm not either.

 She is not in agreement, and neither am I.

"You don't like milk.” The correct response is —

(a) "Nor I too" (b) "I like chocolate" (c) "Neither do I" (d) "Why aren't you?"

"She doesn't take tea.” The correct response is —

(a) "Nor I too" (b) "I like chocolate" (c) "Neither do I" (d) "Why aren't you?"
 POLL-15
She won't be going to the party, and __________________.

(a) her friends will not

(b) her friends will neither

(c) her friends will

(d) neither will her friends

 MODAL AUXILIARIES
 What are modal verbs?
Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries) are special
verbs which behave irregularly in English. They are different from normal verbs like "work, play,
visit..." They give additional information about the function of the main verb that follows it.
They have a great variety of communicative functions.
 Here are some characteristics of modal verbs:
 They never change their form. You can't add "s", "ed", "ing"...
 They are always followed by an infinitive without "to" (e.i. the bare infinitive.)
 They are used to indicate modality allow speakers to express certainty, possibility,
willingness, obligation, necessity, ability
MODAL AUXILIARIES
 CONDITIONAL

If + present Indefinite Tense Present + nt Indefinite Tense

Zero Conditional
(If + Subject + 𝐯𝟏 +object) (Subject + 𝐯𝟏 +object)

If + present Indefinite Tense

1st Conditional Sub + shall/will/can/may+v1 +obj.
(If + subject + V + object)

If + past Indefinite Tense Sub + would/could/might + v1 + obj.

(If+ subject + V2 + object)
2nd Conditional
If + subject + werel had + object Sub + would/could/might + v1 + obj.
(main verb)

If + Past perfect Tense Sub + would/could/might + have + V3 +obj.

3rd Conditional (If + subject + had + V3 + object)

had +subject + v3 + object Sub + would/could/might + have + V3 +obj.

 CONDITIONAL
Zero Conditional
01. If you stay too long in the sun, your skin _____________.
(a) burn (b) burnt
(c) burned (d) burns
02. If it is summer, it ____________hot.
(a) felt (b) would feel
(d) feels (d) will feel

1st Conditional:
01. If you make delay, you — the train.
(a) would miss (b) should miss
(c) shall miss (d) will miss
02. We shall visit her if — time.
(a) we will have (b) we had
(c) we have (d) we don't have
 CONDITIONAL
2nd Conditional
01. If I lived near my office, in time for Work.
(a) I would be (b) I shall be
(c) I will be (d) I were
02. I would tell you the answer if I—what it was.
(a) know (b) had known
(c) knew (d) have known
3rd Conditional
01. If he—a human being, he would not have done this.
(a) is (b) was
(c) had been (d) were
 POLL-16
Add a prefix to make a word of opposite meaning; logical, fair, satisfied.

(a) anti, un, over

(b) il, un, dis

(c) un, anti, il

(d) over, un, anti

 PREFIX & SUFFIX
In linguistics, an affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form.

A prefix is a letter or group of letters that is added at the beginning of a word to change its meaning.

A suffix is a letter or group of letters added at the end of a word to make a new word.

01. In the word omnipotent, the prefix, Omni, refers to –

(a) opposite (b) single

(c) all (d) none

03. In the word ‘prodemocracy’ the prefix ‘pro’ means-

(a) against (b) for

(c) neutral (d) between

 PREFIX & SUFFIX
01. The verb ‘survive’ can be changed into noun by adding –
(a) a suffix (b) a prefix
(c) an auxiliary (d) a syllable
02. Which of the following words has been formed with a prefix?
(a) amoral (b) authentic
(c) amnesia (d) aspersions
03. The correct derivative of ‘space’ is-
(a) special (b) spacious
(c) spatial (d) special
04. In the word ‘booklet’ the suffix ‘let’ is used in the sense of-
(a) chief (b) half
(c) round (d) small
 COMPLETING SENTENCE
Rule- 01 : Too ……..to এই Adverbial Phrase দ্বাো সািােণে কনটেবােয অথে প্রযাশ যো হয়। বাক্যে Adjective এে পূ ক্বে
too থাযক্ি োেপে to + verb বসক্ব।
মক্ন োিক্ব টদ্বেীয় অংশ অথেগেভাক্ব Negative হক্ব।
Structure: Sub +verb+ too+ Adj./Adv. +to+ এযটি সামঞ্জসেপূ ণে verb.
The man is too weak ––.
= The man is too weak to walk. (কিাযটি এেিা িুবেি ক হািক্ে পাক্ে না।)

Rule- 02 : So — that এে অথে “এে –– ক ”। এটি Complex Sentence এ বেবহাে যো হয়। যােণ প্রযাশয অংক্শে
Adjective বা Adverb এে পূ ক্বে so বক্স এবং ফিাফি অংক্শে শুরুক্ে That বক্স। মক্ন োিক্ব, উভয় অংক্শ Subject ও
verb থাযক্ে হক্ব।
Structure : So + Adj./ Adv. + that clause
The man was so tired –––
= The man was so tired that he could not walk.
 COMPLETING SENTENCE
Rule- 03 : Would you mind : কযাক্না বেটক্তক্য কযাক্না টযছু যোে নে অনু ক্োি যেক্ে এই যাঠাক্মাটি বেবহাে যো হয়।
Structure : Would you mind + gerund/ (verb + ing) + বাটয অংশ। ক মন:
Would you mind —
= Would you mind giving the newspaper?

Rule- 04 : Let alone কযাক্না টযছু ভাবা ায় না, টেন্তা যো ায় না, বাি কিওয়া, কছক্ড় কিওয়া ইেোটি অথে প্রযাশ যেক্ে let alone বেবহাে
যো হয়। Let alone এে পক্ে এয বা এযাটিয শব্দ বেবহাক্েে মািেক্ম Incomplete sentence কয complete যো হয়। ক মন:
He cannot run a hundred metres let alone— .
= He cannot run a hundred metres let alone a kilometre.

Rule- 05 : Though/ Although : ( টিও), এটি এযটি Subordinating conjunction বা Complex sentence ও Adverbial
clause গঠন যেক্ে বেবহৃে হয়। Though/Although এে পক্ে ববপেীেে প্রযাশ যক্ে এমন Clause গঠন যেক্ে হয়। ক মন:
Though he was poor — .
= Though he was poor, he had no complaint.
 COMPLETING SENTENCE
Rule- 06 : Let alone কযাক্না টযছু ভাবা ায় না, টেন্তা যো ায় না, বাি কিওয়া, কছক্ড় কিওয়া ইেোটি অথে প্রযাশ যেক্ে let alone বেবহাে

যো হয়। Let alone এে পক্ে এয বা এযাটিয শব্দ বেবহাক্েে মািেক্ম Incomplete sentence কয complete যো হয়। ক মন:

He cannot run a hundred metres let alone— .

= He cannot run a hundred metres let alone a kilometre.

Rule- 07 : Though/ Although : ( টিও), এটি এযটি Subordinating conjunction বা Complex sentence ও Adverbial

clause গঠন যেক্ে বেবহৃে হয়। Though/Although এে পক্ে ববপেীেে প্রযাশ যক্ে এমন Clause গঠন যেক্ে হয়। ক মন:

Though he was poor — .

= Though he was poor, he had no complaint.

 COMPLETING SENTENCE
Rule- 08 : Though/ Although : ( টিও), এটি এযটি Subordinating conjunction বা Complex sentence ও
Adverbial clause গঠন যেক্ে বেবহৃে হয়। Though/Although এে পক্ে ববপেীেে প্রযাশ যক্ে এমন Clause গঠন
যেক্ে হয়। ক মন:
Though he was poor — .
= Though he was poor, he had no complaint.

Rule- 09 : It is time/ It is high time দ্বাো simple এবং complex sentence গঠন যো হয়। Simple sentence এে
কক্ষ্ক্ে It is time এে পক্ে সািােণে: infinitive phrase বেবহাে যো হয় টযন্তু Complex sentence গঠক্নে কক্ষ্ক্ে It
is high time এে পেবেেী বাযোংক্শে মূ ি verb কয সব সময় past form এ োিক্ে হয়। [আবাে যিনও যিনও It is
time এে পক্ে (For +Noun /pronoun) বেবহাে যো হয়।]
It is time for us to start our work.
It is high time we left the programme.
 COMPLETING SENTENCE
Rule- 10 : Would rather, would better, would sooner, had rather, had sooner, had bettered শব্দগুক্েে পক্ে than-এে

সক্ে verb অথবা শুিু verb ও অনোনে শব্দ বটসক্য় incomplete sentence কয complete যো হয়। ক মন:

He would rather starve —

= He would rather starve than steal.

Rule-11 : As long as ( েক্ষ্ণ প েন্ত): As long as ু ক্ত Incomplete Sentence টিে সাক্থ Main Clause এে সেটে কেক্ি এযটি

Subordinate Clause ক াগ যক্ে Incomplete Sentence কয Complete যেক্ে হয়। ক মন:

He worked as long as — .

= He worked as long as he could.

 COMPLETING SENTENCE
Rule-12 : [(Either….. or) (হয় ….অথবা)] এই conjunction িুক্িা Clause বা Phrase কয ু ক্ত যক্ে। এ িেক্নে বাক্যে িুটি
অবস্থাে মক্িে এযটি সম্ভাবনা প্রযাশ যো হয়। িুটি টভন্ন subject বা িুটি টভন্ন object বা িুক্িা টভন্ন adjective/adverb বা
িুক্িা টভন্ন infinitive phrase বা িুটি টভন্ন verb বা িুক্িা টভন্ন clause কয Either …….or দ্বাো ু ক্ত যো ক ক্ে পাক্ে।
Either Bakul or Mukul broke the glass.
He is either a footballer or a cricketer.

Rule-13 : [(Neither.........nor)] : এ িেক্নে বাক্যে িুক্িা না কবািয সম্ভাবনা প্রযাশ যো হয়। এ িেক্নে বাক্যেে গঠন

Either……or দ্বাো গটঠে বাক্যেে মেই। বাক্যেে মক্িে িুক্িা টভন্ন অংশ থাক্য এবং প্রথম অংশটিে পূ ক্বে neither এবং টদ্বেীয়

অংশটিে পূ ক্বে nor বক্স।

Neither Tina nor Trina went there.

They neither ate nor drank. She is neither a singer nor a dancer.
 SPECIAL NOTICE

 Translation & Proverbs

 Reading Comprehension
 Suffix-Prefix
 Same word but different parts f speech
Will be added in the slide

 Vocabulary (A-M)
 Appropriate Preposition (A-M)