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Name Inventing the Future

Author’s Purpose
• The author’s purpose is the reason or reasons the author has for writing.
• An author may write to persuade, to inform, to entertain, or to express ideas and feelings. An
author may have more than one reason for writing.

Directions Read the following passage. Then complete the diagram.

O ne very cool invention is the

refrigerator. Before refrigeration, it
was difficult to store and ship fresh food.
In the early twentieth century, food was
kept cold with a block of ice in a cabinet
called an “icebox.” The cooling process
used in today’s refrigerators dates back
to Michael Faraday’s experiments in
the eighteenth century with liquefying
ammonia. The first refrigeration machine
was designed in 1805 by the American
inventor Oliver Evans. Other inventors
improved on this device. The first
commercial home refrigerator was sold in
1911 by General Electric. Today, homes all
over the world have refrigerators.

Author’s Purpose

1.

Details

2. 3. 4.
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5. How did the author’s language or style help meet the purpose?

Home Activity Your child identified the author’s purpose and cited details to support this analysis. Work
with your child to identify the author’s purpose and supporting details of individual paragraphs in a
magazine article about an innovation. Challenge your child to set his or her reading pace to match the
purpose of the article.

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Writing • Summary
Key Features of a Summary
• tells what a selection is about
• includes the most important ideas and details
• leaves out unnecessary details

Dancing Wheels: A Summary

D ancing Wheels is the story of a dance

troupe in Cleveland, Ohio, that includes
both “stand-up” dancers and “sit-down”
dancers who dance in wheelchairs.
The story begins by showing how
dancers prepare for a performance and
then tells how the troupe got started. Its
founder, Mary Verdi-Fletcher, was born
with a disease that weakened the lower
half of her body. When she grew up, Mary
formed The Dancing Wheels School and
Company so that people with similar
conditions could dance.
The book goes on to explain how
dancers prepare for performances. It tells
about workshops and rehearsals. Readers
learn how the dancers work together. They
also learn about some of the children in the
dance troupe.
The last part of the book conveys what
a Dancing Wheels performance is like. In
words and pictures, it describes the show
“The Sorcerer’s Apprentices” and the
reader learns what can happen when one
person follows a dream.

1. What are some of the important details that are included in this summary?

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2. Give an example of the kind of information that you wouldn’t include in a summary about a
dance performance.

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Name Inventing the Future

Vocabulary
Directions Choose the word from the box that best matches each definition. Write the word on
the line.

1. to invent Check the Words

You Know
2. allowance, figured by percent
converts
3. produced devise
efficiency
4. sent out signals by means of generated
electromagnetic waves or by wire percentage
proclaimed
5. to make a copy of reproduce
transmitted
Directions Choose the word from the box that best completes each
sentence below. Write the word on the line shown to the left.

6. The inventor that he had a great invention.

7. He claimed that his machine food from one place to

another, electronically.

8. “It food into electrical pulses,” he declared.

9. If it worked, it could result in more by saving time.

10. Although the idea much interest, it turned out to be a fake.

Write a News Report

On a separate sheet of paper, write a news report you might make after observing a new invention.
Use as many vocabulary words as you can.
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Home Activity Your child identified and used vocabulary words from Inventing the Future. Have a
conversation about useful inventions. Why are they useful? What do they do? Use the vocabulary words
from the selection while conversing.

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Name Inventing the Future

Using Who and Whom

The pronoun who is used as a subject.
Who planted the garden? (Who is the subject of the sentence.)
My sister is the only one who likes roses. (Who is the subject of the clause who likes roses.)
The pronoun whom is used as the object of a preposition, such as to, for, and from, and as a
direct object. Very often, whom will be a direct object in questions.
To whom did you send the flowers? (Whom is the object of the preposition to.)
This is a man whom I admire. (Whom is the direct object of the verb admire in the clause
whom I admire.)
Whom did you invite? (Whom is a direct object.)
You can check if whom should be used as a direct object. Change the word order so that the
subject comes first. (Whom did you invite? You did invite whom?)

Directions  Circle the pronoun in ( ) that correctly completes each sentence.

1. These are the inventors (who, whom) you should acknowledge.

2. Mr. Edison, (who, whom) was a fond father, nicknamed his children Dot and Dash.

3. Edison was the inventor (who, whom) wealthy investors supported.

4. The lab assistants were the ones (who, whom) built Edison’s prototypes.

5. Edison worked with the assistants (who, whom) were best suited for the positions.

6. He is one of the people (who, whom) history honors as a brilliant inventor and scientist.

7. Give the data to the woman (who, whom) calls for it.

8. People (who, whom) own CD players can thank Edison for his inventions.

Directions  Write who or whom to complete each sentence correctly.

9. Batchelor and Kruesi were two assistants to Edison entrusted his work.
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10. Edison believed negative results were valuable to a scientist wanted to learn.

11. stole Edison’s heart and married him?

12. To shall we award the patent for this clever invention?

Home Activity  Your child learned about using who and whom. Have your child look through a magazine,
point out the pronouns who and whom, and explain why each pronoun is used.

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Name Inventing the Future

Word Endings -ty, -ity, -tion

Spelling Words
electricity equality society specialty celebrity
recognition description reduction tradition loyalty
security clarity popularity certainty cruelty
subscription reputation intention deception penalty

Definitions  Write a list word that fits each definition.

1. faithfulness to a cause, ideal, or custom 1. ________________
2. freedom from danger, fear, or anxiety 2. ________________
3. the passing of information and beliefs from one generation to the next 3. ________________
4. the quality of being clear 4. ________________
5. reduced in number or size 5. ________________
6. condition of being liked by most people 6. ________________
7. an account in words 7. ________________
8. condition of being free from doubt 8. ________________
9. condition of realizing someone or something is previously known 9. ________________
10. readiness to give pain to others 10. ________________

Words in Context  Write a list word to finish each statement below.

11. It’s time for me to renew my ___ to my local newspaper. 11. ________________
12. I can’t believe I actually got an autograph from my favorite ___. 12. ________________
13. That company has a ___ for doing fine work. 13. ________________
14. I have many hobbies, but collecting baseball cards is my ___. 14. ________________
15. It was not my ___ to hurt your feelings. 15. ________________
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16. I am glad that we live in a free and open ___. 16. ________________
17. I don’t believe that you should live your life based on lies and ___. 17. ________________
18. The ___ of the two teams makes the game more interesting. 18. ________________
19. The ___ went off during that big storm last night. 19. ________________
20. I spent some time in the ___ box during today’s hockey game. 20. ________________

Home Activity  Your child spelled words that end in -ty, -ity, and -tion. Ask your child to choose five list
words, say them, and then spell them.

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Name Inventing the Future

Main Idea Chart

Supporting Details
Main Idea

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Vocabulary • Prefixes re-, pro-, trans-

• If you see an unfamiliar word while you are reading, use word parts to figure out its meaning.
Prefixes are word parts with their own meanings that are added to base words. They change the
meanings of base words.
• The prefix re- means “again;” pro- means “before;” and trans- means “across.”

Directions Read the following article. Then answer the questions below.

W ho deserves to be recalled as the

inventor of the telephone? The
principle behind the telephone is that
it converts sound waves to electrical
impulses that are then transmitted through
a wire to reproduce the sound. Although
Alexander Graham Bell claimed to be the
inventor of the telephone, a little-known
inventor named Elisha Gray also devised
a telephone. Both men raced to the patent
office to apply for a patent, and Bell beat
Gray by only hours. Alexander Graham
Bell will always be remembered but not
Elisha Gray. If Gray had arrived at the
patent office a little bit earlier, he would
be the famous one.

1. What does transmitted mean? How does the prefix contribute to the meaning?

2. How does the prefix in reproduce help you to determine the meaning of the word?

3. How would the prefix help you to determine the meaning of proclaimed?

4. What are two other words in the article that use the prefix trans-, re-, or pro-?
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5. Write a sentence using one of the words from your answer to Question 4.

Home Activity Your child identified and used prefixes to understand new words of a passage. Work with
your child to identify unfamiliar words in another article. Then see if he or she can find prefixes to help with
the understanding of the new words. Confirm the meanings with your child.

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Advertisements
• Advertisements are designed to sell a product or service. Usually advertisements have four
elements: a headline, image, body copy, and signature.
• When you read advertisements, watch for persuasive language and loaded words that appeal
to emotions. Also look for generalities that don’t have any specific meaning, testimonials, and
slogans.

Directions Use this advertisement to answer the questions below.

NEW! Have the music in you!

An exciting new invention lets you
enjoy music all day long—even in the
shower and as you sleep! No wires
or headphones, just a tiny clip. For
fabulous nonstop music. You have to
hear it to believe it!

Music Magic. . . . . . . $49.95

at leading department stores

Love that music!

1. What is this advertisement selling?

2. Where are the four parts of this advertisement?

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3. How do loaded words in the advertisement above appeal to emotions?

4. What is an example of a generality the advertisement contains? Explain.

5. What is the slogan in this advertisement? How does it appeal to the reader?

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Directions Use this advertisement to answer the questions below.

Hello, Robot! Bye-Bye, Chores!

Teenage movie star Lindsay Cooper
says, “I don’t clean my room. Why
should you clean yours?”
Have more time for fun! Hello, Robot
will pick up, clean, dust, make your
bed, and even prepare snacks. Let
Hello, Robot do the work. Don’t miss
out! Get yours today!
Hello, Robot
Meet your fun machine!

6. Where are the four parts of this advertisement?

7. How is a testimonial used to persuade readers?

8. What loaded words does the advertisement use? How do they appeal to emotions?

9. What is an example of a generality the advertisement contains?

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10. What is the slogan in this advertisement? How does it appeal to the reader?

Home Activity Your child learned about reading advertisements critically. Look at an advertisement
together. Ask your child to explain what techniques are used to sell the product or service.

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Word Endings -ty, -ity, -tion

Proofread an Article  Circle six misspelled words in the article below. Spelling Words
Write them correctly. Find a sentence with a misplaced adjective.
Write it correctly. electricity
equality
society
The Importance of Society specialty
Humans are beings social. We all feel the need to belong celebrity
to a social group. Within such a group, we come to value recognition
our reputashion and strive for recignition and populerity. description
Being members of society provides us with sicurity,
reduction
tradition
and clarety about social tredition. And perhaps most
loyalty
important, being members of society prevents us from
being alone. security
clarity
popularity
1. ________________ 2. _________________ certainty
3. ________________ 4. _________________ cruelty
subscription
5. ________________ 6. _________________ reputation
7. ___________________________________________ intention
deception
penalty
Proofread Words  Circle the word that is spelled correctly.
Write it on the line.
Frequently
8. electricity electrisity elecktricity 8. ________________ Misspelled
Words
9. penlty penilty penalty 9. ________________
finally
10. sosiety society socety 10. ________________
really
11. certainty curtainty cirtainty 11. ________________
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13. subscribtion subscription subscripshun 13. ________________

14. celebrty cellebrity celebrity 14. ________________
15. intention intenshun intenshen 15. ________________
16. speclty specialty specalty 16. ________________
17. deseption decepshun deception 17. ________________

Home Activity  Your child identified misspelled words. Say a word from the list and have your child
spell it aloud.

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Using Who and Whom

Directions  Read the passage. Then read each question. Circle the letter of the correct answer.

Geography Bee
(1) “Who will enter this year’s geography bee?” asked Ms. Graham. (2) “It’s a
contest for kids for maps are a passion. (3) Are you one of those kids who
loves maps?” (4) I knew a lot about the United States, and the family’s atlas was my
favorite book. (5) But who would help me learn about the African states? (6) My
parents, who were born in South America, encouraged me. (7) They suggested that
I find a buddy with whom I could study. (8) They named a friend who had entered
the contest last year. (9) “I’m in,” I said to Hector, “but gets the atlas this
weekend?” (10) I was ready to prepare for the geography bee.

1 What change, if any, should be made in 4 Which describes the underlined word in
sentence 1? sentence 7?
A Change year’s to years A Subject
B Change asked to said B Object of preposition
C Change Who to Whom C Direct object
D Make no change D None of the above

2 Which pronoun best completes sentence 2? 5 Which pronoun best completes sentence 9?
A who A who
B us B they
C whom C whom
D them D them

3 Which describes the underlined word in

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sentence 5?
A Subject
B Object of preposition
C Direct object
D None of the above

Home Activity  Your child prepared for taking tests on using who and whom. Have your child write a
paragraph about friends. Ask him or her to use each pronoun who and whom at least once.

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