Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Screw Conveyors
Split Flight Couplings 60 Layout Information 21 processing systems, surface wellhead systems, high pressure to OSHA operational and safety requirements.
Spout, Discharge 92 Technical Data 20 fluid control equipment, measurements solutions, and marine This includes the preparation of procedures
Spout, inlet 94 loading systems for the oil and gas industry. and instructions that meet the requirements of
ISO Standard 9001-2008, and effective implementation and
Material Handling Solutions
maintenance of these procedures and instructions.
Our versatile offerings and superior execution reduce
operating cost in a variety of material handling industries. Customer Service
FMC Technologies has a long history of providing bulk material Prompt shipment, on-time delivery, and after-the-sale
solutions to industries worldwide. Around the globe, our service are FMC Technologies’ trademarks. Timely response to
name is synonymous with problem solving capabilities and your inquiries and reliable delivery and follow through has built
material handling expertise. our reputation as a service oriented company. Our customer
service specialists understand your needs and are experienced
Link-Belt Idlers
in meeting them. Give us a call at 1.800.356.4898.
FMC Technologies offers both ball bearing and roller bearing
In addition to our substantial levels of inventory and
idlers. Our Tupelo facility caters to CEMA standards and produces
replacement parts at our Tupelo facility, we maintain close
a wide range of roller bearing idlers as well as medium to
working relationships with hundreds of authorized stocking
light-duty ball bearing rolls. We also provide enhanced idler
distributors located throughout North America and globally
solutions like our Composite Roll for abrasive and corrosive
to provide strong aftermarket support.
environments or our Extreme Service Roll used in the Oil
Sands industry.
Our Changshu, China facility focuses on metric ball bearing
idlers. Our metric idlers are designed around DIN Standards
and are performing well in mines, mineral processing and
port facility locations around the globe. Both facilities adhere
to strict design and quality standards so that idler performance
is maximized.
2 3
Engineered for every type of service. Nearby service when you need it.
When you buy from FMC Technologies,
you can rely on our factory-stocked
equipment and parts inventories which
are complemented by more than 140
No one can match our ability to North American distributors with over
give you the right equipment for 400 branches. So you're guaranteed a
your application. FMC Technologies timely response to your parts and
engineers pioneered the development service needs. You keep downtime to a
of screw conveyors and components minimum because you get fast
for the widest range of materials, turnaround-from order entry to parts
purposes and applications. Whether
delivery at your plant or jobsite.
the job involves light-duty service-
conveying egg powder, for example-or When it comes to bulk material
severe operating conditions-like round- handling, come to FMC
the-clock coal delivery to a power Technologies.
plant-we have the in-depth knowledge FMC Technologies has the uncommon
and experience to provide just what ability to solve any screw conveying
you need. problem you might face. We've got the
equipment selection, the fund of
Link-Belt Screw Conveyors are
ruggedly built, accurately experience and the kind of service you
manufactured and performance need to speed your material handling
proven. And our unequalled field operation and save you money.
experience is your assurance of the Top Left - Totally enclosed screw conveyors,
best in service and recommendations. compact in design, are located in many food
processing plants
Top Right - Over 40 feet of screw conveyors
Clean, compact design saves space, carry malt and rice from storage to mills in
simplifies installation. this factory.
Link-Belt Screw Conveyors adapt Center Left - Typical installation provides
readily to tight quarters and congested close fitting gates and connections,
Center Right - Helicoid screw conveyor
locations. No matter how many twists delivers 50 tons of coal per hour to boiler
and turns your operation takes, there room bunkers.
is a Link-Belt space saving Screw Bottom - Granular shell lime distribution
Conveyor to fit. Our conveyors operate system at a large chemical facility.
effectively in horizontal, vertical or
inclined positions. Their compact
design permits easy installation. And
they're simple to support.
So if space is at a premium, or if
you want simple installation and
maintenance for better on-line
performance, dependable Link-Belt
Screw Conveyors are your best choice.
Top: Sugar is handled by twin screw feeders conveying, elevating and distributing the harvest.
and helicoid conveyors in this large bakery. Bottom Left: Heavy-duty sectional flight conveyor
Drop-bottom troughs permit easy access and augers installed on boring machine.
quick cleaning of all parts.
Bottom Right: Totally enclosed screw conveyors
Center: Screw conveyor augers are used can assure a clean, safe operation.
throughout this combine for gathering,
4 5
component description
Component Description
Trough Ends and Hangers
Screw conveyors are one of the oldest upon accurate batching . . . or as a extensively on combines, threshing The trough ends support the To provide additional protection for assembled between the flanged
and simplest methods for moving bulk mixer, agitator or stirrer to mix and machines, hay bailers, fodder conveyor drive and end shafts while the drive shaft and end shaft blocks and the trough end plates.
materials and consist primarily of a blend dry or fluid ingredients, provide blowers and many other farm the hangers support the conveyor bearings, for or against the material
conveyor screw rotating in a stationary crystallization or coagulant action, or machines. couplings, thereby maintaining proper being handled, trough end seals are
trough, Material placed in the trough is maintain solutions in suspension, alignment and clearance between the
moved along its length by rotation of Screw feeders are modified screw conveyor screw and trough.
the screw which is supported by Screw conveyors can be effectively conveyors used to control the flow
hanger bearings. Inlets, outlets, gates sealed to prevent dust or fumes from of material at a constant or variable
and other accessories control the escaping or dirt or moisture from rate from track hoppers, storage
material and its disposition. entering. They can be jacketed to hoppers, bins or tanks. They are
serve as a dryer or cooler, or suitable for handling a wide variety
Screw conveyors are compact, easily furnished in a wide variety of of materials ranging from fines to a
adapted to congested locations and materials to resist corrosion, abrasion combination of fines and lumps.
can be mounted horizontal, vertical, or heat. Under many conditions, feeders are
and in inclined configurations. Their also used as a valve.
supports are simple and easily installed. Screw conveyors are used as earth
augers to dig post holes or to bore Screw feeders are totally enclosed,
These versatile conveyors can be used under highways for installation of compact, simple in design and dust-
to control the flow of material in pro- culverts. They are also used tight. They are economical to install,
processing operations which depend
operate and maintain.
Conveyor Screw a pipe and is made either right or left Conveyor Screw with Drive
The conveyor screw is the rotating hand to suit the screw rotation and Shaft
portion of a screw conveyor which the desired direction of material travel. The conveyor drive shaft connects
imparts smooth and positive motion to the conveyor screw to the driving
the bulk material being conveyed. It unit and transmits rotary motion to Conveyor Trough with Inlet or succeeding equipment- With more
consists of spiral flighting mounted on the screw. Coupling bolts secure the Opening and Discharge Spout than one discharge point in a conveyor,
drive shaft in the conveyor screw. selective control may be exercised by
The trough is the enclosure in which means of slide gates, made integral
the material is confined and guided in its with the discharge spouts.
movement. Trough end flanges preserve
the contour of the trough, facilitate Trough covers with fasteners complete
assembly of adjoining sections, and the conveyor enclosure. Material is fed
insure accurate alignment. Supporting into the conveyor through inlet openings
feet at the trough joints or saddles in the cover.
located between the joints, support the
intermediate trough sections.
Conveyor Screw with Drive
Shaft, End Shaft and Coupling Discharge spouts provide outlets for the
The conveyor drive shaft, end shaft material and direct its flow to bins
and coupling support the conveyor when more than one section is
screw sections and keep them in necessary to make up the total length
alignment. The end shaft is located at of conveyor. The shafts and coupling
Typical Screw Conveyor
the end opposite the drive shaft. are secured in the conveyor screws by
Complete With Drive
Couplings are used to connect coupling bolts. A shaft mounted speed reducer
successive conveyor screw sections makes a simple and compact drive
combination. The drive consists of a
standard shaft-mounted speed reducer
with adapter having a built-in, seal and
mounted on a steel plate trough end. A
welded steel adjustable motor support
bracket is rigidly mounted on the
adapter and provides ample clearance
over the trough end for easy trough
6
cover removal. 7
component description component description
Conveyor Screws Conveyor Screws
Helicoid Flight Conveyor Screws Cut flight conveyor screws have notches cut in
The helicold flight conveyor screw is the periphery of either helicoid or sectional flights.
made of a helix, formed from a flat steel These notches supplement the conveying action
bar or coil strip and mounted on a pipe with a moderate mixing action. They are used for
or shaft. The helix, formed by special light, fine, granular or flaky materials.
rolling equipment to the required
diameter, pitch and thickness, is a
smooth, continuous one-piece flight. Helicoid flight conveyor screw Ribbon flight conveyor screws consist of
continuous helical flighting formed from steel bar
By virtue of its one-piece construction, and secured to the pipe by supporting lugs. They
it possesses superior strength. The are used for conveying sticky, gummy or viscous
absence of laps, rivets or welds on substances, or where the material tends to stick
the carrying face of the Flight to flighting at the pipe.
promotes and maintains cleanliness
and reduces wear. The rolling process
effects a hardening and smoothing of Conveyor screws with paddles have paddles
Sectional flight conveyor screw
the flight surface which increases spaced at intervals and set to partially oppose the
resistance to wear and reduces Sectional Flight thicknesses. The sectional flight forward flow, to provide a moderate mixing or
friction and power consumption. Conveyor Screws conveyor screw is a sturdily stirring of materials being conveyed. Paddles are
Sectional flight conveyor screws are constructed assembly, carefully adjustable and may be set at any angle to
The flight is fastened to the pipe, or made of individual flights, each designed to render efficient, produce the desired degree of agitation. They are
shaft, by intermittent or continuous blanked from a flat steel plate and economical and lasting service. used for light or medium weight, fine, granular or
welds and with or without formed steel formed into a helix. The flights are flaky materials.
end lugs. The pipe, of a size carefully butt welded together and fastened to When desired, sectional flights may
selected for adequate torsional strength the pipe or shaft by intermittent be lap welded together, or flights may
and resistance to excessive deflection, or continuous welds and with or be continuously welded to the pipe on Cut and folded flight conveyor screws provide
has internal collars at each end. These without formed steel end lugs. Sectional one or both sides, thus providing folded segments which act as lifting vanes to
collars are permanently inserted and flights are formed with regular pitch exceptionally rugged construction for produce a cascading effect. This promotes
have appropriate inside diameters to approximately equal to the diameter. the most severe conveying applications. agitation and aeration, resulting in better mixing.
accept coupling or end shafts. They are used for light or medium weight, fine,
Sectional flight conveyor screws are Many variations of sectional flight granular or flaky materials.
The assembled helicoid flight conveyor interchangeable with helicoid flight conveyor screws can be furnished to
screw is solidly constructed and conveyor screws of the same diameter meet specific needs. Some of these are
exceptionally sturdy, and its inherent and shaft size. listed on the following pages.
balance permits operation at high Short pitch conveyor screws are of regular
speeds. Its distinctive characteristics Sectional flights afford flexibility in construction except that the pitch of the flights is
contribute to maximum efficiency, choice of diameters, pitches and reduced. They are recommended for use in
durability and economy. inclined conveyors of 20 degrees slope and over,
including vertical conveyors and are extensively
Helicold flight conveyor screws are use as feeder screws. They retard flushing of
interchangeable with sectional flight materials of a fluid nature.
conveyor screws of the same diameter
and shaft size.
Helicold flighting is made with regular Cut flight conveyor screws with paddles have
pitch approximately equal to the paddles mounted at intervals and set to counteract
diameter. It can also be furnished with the flow of materials, considerably increases
other than regular pitch and in a wide the agitation and mixing action produced by the
range of diameters, thicknesses and cut flights.
lengths to meet the most exacting
requirements.
Quik-Link Conveyor Screws section and coupling with hanger can Paddle conveyor screws have formed steel
For extremely heavy duty the flighting The Quik-Link conveyor screw Is be quickly and conveniently blades mounted on rod shanks inserted through
may be continuously welded to the pipe designed for easy removal from the disassembled without disturbing other the pipe. Conveying action can be controlled
or shaft on one or both sides. conveyor trough. Each section of components. Quik-Link conveyor by adjusting the angle of the paddles. They
screw is provided with a Quik-Link key screws are available in both the are used for mixing, blending or stirring dry or
Consult FMC Technologies for located at one end of the pipe. By helicold flight and sectional flight fluid materials.
information on special requirements. removing this key, a conveyor screw construction.
8 9
component description component description
Conveyor Screws Conveyor Screws
Tapering flight conveyor screws Ribbon Flight Conveyor Screws
are frequently used as feeder screws consist of sectional flights, butt welded
for handling friable lumpy material together to form a continuous helix.
from bins or hoppers and also to draw Flights are secured to the pipe by
the material uniformly from the entire supporting lugs.
length of the feed opening.
Variations of diameter, pitch, flight Ribbon flight conveyor screw
width or thickness can be furnished.
Stepped diameter conveyor screws Also, these screws can be furnished
consist of flights of different diameters, with either continuous or sectional
each with its regular pitch, mounted in flights, lap or butt welded together.
tandem on one pipe or shaft. They are
frequently used as feeder screws, with Ribbon flight conveyor screws are the
the smaller diameter located under solution to most conveying problems
bins or hoppers to regulate the flow encountered in the handling of sticky,
of material. gummy or viscous materials. The Ribbon flight conveyor screw with paddles
tendency of materials of this nature to
adhere and build up at the juncture of
Stepped pitch conveyor screws solid flight with the pipe is overcome Ribbon Flight Conveyor Screw Hard surfacing by application of a
are screws with succeeding single or by the open construction of the ribbon with Paddles special compound, by arc or torch, to
groups of sectional flights increasing in flight. Raw sugar, molasses, asphalt, To provide moderate mixing or stirring the flight periphery or face, or both,
pitch and are used as feeder screws to hot tar, sticky feed mixes, and similar of materials being conveyed, paddles provides an exceptionally hard surface
draw fine free-fIowing materials products are typical of the many can be furnished, spaced at intervals at the points of greatest wear.
uniformly from the entire length of the materials successfully handled by and set to partially oppose the forward
feed opening. ribbon flight conveyor screws. flow. Paddles are adjustable and may For severe applications, conveyors with
be set at any angle to produce the high alumina ceramic tile bonded to
Providing the periphery of ribbon desired degree of agitation. They are the flight periphery or face are also
Long pitch conveyor screws flights with a beveled edge improves used for light or medium weight, fine, available.
are occasionally used as agitators operation and reduces power granular or flaky materials.
for liquids or rapid conveying of very consumption when handling materials Corrosion-Resistant Conveyor
free-flowing materials. which tend to pack or trowel between Multiple Ribbon Flight Conveyor Screws
flights and trough. Consequently, Screws Corrosion is manifested in so many
beveled edge ribbon flight conveyor This type of screw consists of two or different ways that no one choice of
screws are usually subjected to more ribbon flights of different material will suit all requirements. To
extremely heavy loads, and diameters and opposite hand, withstand the effects of corrosion
construction is accordingly heavy and mounted one with in the other on the encountered in many fields of industry,
Double fIight conveyor screws rugged. The ribbon flights are same pipe or shaft by rigid supporting conveyor screws are fabricated of
of regular pitch promote a smooth supported on the pipe or shaft by lugs. Material is moved forward by one stainless steel, Monel metal,
gentle flow and discharge of certain steel lugs, generously proportioned to flight and backward by the other, aluminum, and other materials.
materials. resist bending. thereby including positive and
thorough mixing. Galvanizing and other coating methods
Where the material handled moves have proved effective under mildly
virtually en masse, there is but very Abrasion-Resistant Conveyor corrosive conditions. Vulcanized or
slight difference in capacity between Screws bonded rubber covering of the entire
Double flight short pitch conveyor ribbon and solid flight conveyor The particularly severe service conveyor is frequently satisfactory for
screws assure more accurate screws of the same size. Mixing encountered when conveying abrasive resistance to extremely corrosive
regulation of feed and flow in screw action without supplementary means materials has prompted many action.
feeders and effectively deter flushing of agitation is negligible. attempts to overcome excessive wear
action of fluid materials. on flights. Several successful methods Heat-Resistant Conveyor Screws
have been developed. Conveyor screws for high temperature
applications are made of many of the
Each of these methods offers specific available heat-resistant alloys. Several
advantages depending on the nature of the stainless steels and other high-
of the material handled and the chrome alloys are particularly suitable
application. For a careful analysis and for this service.
recommendation, consult FMC
Technologies Conveyor Equipment
Division.
10 11
component description component description
Drive Shafts, End Shafts and Couplings Hangers
No. 216 hangers have formed steel box frames of superior
strength and rigidity and are excellent for heavy service. They
The conveyor drive shaft delivers the No. 216 hangers are mounted with in the conveyor trough. Mounting holes are
driving power, and is therefore carefully slotted parallel with the conveyor to permit adjustment and
designed of quality steel of the proper alignment. These hangers are normally furnished with hard iron,
characteristics to provide adequate babbitted, bronze, oil impregnated wood or molded fabric
torque, bending and shear strength, and bearings, but can also be furnished with special bearings.
with closely controlled tolerances for
correct bearing clearances. Conveyor drive shaft
For conveyors of unusual length or for
severely heavy loads, alloy steels, No. 216F hangers No. 216F hangers are similar in construction to No. 216
heat-treated high carbon steels or hangers except they are designed to mount in, flared trough.
3-bolt connections, are used.
Jig-drilled coupling bolt holes and
accurately cut keyways contribute to
ease of assembly.
No. 220 hangers are similar in construction to No. 226
Conveyor end shaft hangers, except they are mounted on top of the trough flanges.
The conveyor end shaft supports the
last section of conveyor screw and is Mounting holes are slotted parallel with the conveyor to provide
No. 220 hangers
furnished with close tolerances for adjustment and alignment. These hangers are normally
proper operation in end bearing. furnished with hard iron, babbitted, bronze, oil impregnated
Coupling bolt holes are jig drilled for wood or molded fabric bearings, but can also be furnished with
interchangeability and ease of assembly. special bearings.
Conveyor couplings connect and space No. 226 hangers have a rigid, formed-steel box frame with
adjoining sections of conveyor screw clearance for passage of material in large volume. They are
and transmit rotation. mounted within the conveyor trough. Mounting holes are slotted
No. 226 hangers parallel with the conveyor to permit adjustment and alignment.
Carefully selected steels, with accurate Conveyor coupling These hangers are normally furnished with hard iron, babbitted,
heat-treating or hard surfacing when
bronze, oil impregnated wood or molded fabric bearings, but
required, insure ample strength and
can also be furnished with special bearings.
resistance to wear for the kind of service
specified.
For conveyors of unusual length or for No. 270 ball bearing hangers have self-aligning ball bearings.
severely heavy loads, alloy steels, heat- The frame is a box-member top-bar with a pipe stem support
treated high carbon steels or 3-bolt for the bearing. The bearing is factory adjusted for the proper
connections are used. No. 270 ball length from the top-bar and locked with a sealant and a lock
nut. The frame is designed for mounting inside the trough and
Close tolerances on diameters and bearing hangers
slotted mounting holes parallel to the conveyor permit
jig-drilled coupling bolt holes assure adjustment and alignment.
interchangeability and ease of assembly.
Quik-Link conveyor screw No. 316 hangers have formed steel frames of superior strength
Quik-Link conveyor screws provide an
and rigidity and are excellent for heavy service. They are
easy means for the quick removal of a
mounted within the conveyor trough, are self-adjusting and will
conveyor screw section and coupling
accommodate operating variations which may exist between the
with hanger without disturbing other No. 316 hangers conveyor screw and trough. Mounting holes are slotted parallel
components. Regular couplings are used
with the conveyor to permit adjustment and alignment. These
with these screws.
hangers are normally furnished with hard iron, babbitted,
bronze, oil impregnated wood or molded fabric bearings, but
Split flight couplings permit installing
can also be furnished with special bearings.
or removing individual conveyor
screws without disturbing adjoining
sections. With split flight couplings No. 326 hangers have a rigid, formed steel frame with
No. 326 hangers clearance for passage of material in large volume. They are
installed on both sides of each
hanger, conveyor screws can be mounted within the conveyor trough, are self-adjusting and will
removed without disturbing the Split flight coupling accommodate operating variations which may exist between the
hangers. The Link-Belt split flight conveyor screw and the trough. Mounting holes are slotted
coupling is sturdily constructed and parallel with the conveyor to permit adjustment and alignment.
jig-drilled for coupling bolts. These hangers are normally furnished with hard iron, babbitted,
bronze, oil impregnated wood or molded fabric bearings,
but can also be furnished with special bearings.
12 13
component description component description
Trough End Plates Seal Glands, Trough End Seals and
Trough End Bearings
Covers are used for protection of operating between the covers and troughs. Covers are Discharge spouts and gates afford the means for Slide gates, either hand or rack and pinion
personnel, dust control or protection for or made in three general types: plain, semi-flanged discharging material from the trough and for operated, may be installed in practically all
connection to succeeding equipment to which material applications for operation either parallel or at right
against the material being handled. When and flanged. angles to take conveyor axis. Rack and pinion
is delivered. Gates provide for selective control of
required, protective seals can be furnished. multiple spouts. operated gates may be furnished with chain
wheels and chains for remote control. Pinion shafts
All spouts and gates are of welded steel construction may be extended to accommodate various
with connecting flanges punched with accurately operating arrangements.
Plain covers consist of flat steel sheets and spaced holes for interchangeability and ease of
can be furnished with spring clamps, assembly.
screw clamps or bolts. Plain discharge
Semiflanged covers are flanged 30
opening
Plain Cover Spouts and gates can be fabricated of stainless steel
degrees along the sides and provided with and nonferrous metals. Spouts of special design can
spring clamps attached to the top side of be furnished to accommodate unusual conditions.
the cover These covers can also be
furnished with screw clamps or bolts. Plain discharge openings are cut in the bottom of the
trough at the desired location to provide free discharge
of material. They are used for delivering to open or Discharge Spout
Flanged covers have right angle flanges closed storage or similar applications.
along the sides to provide a stiffer cover Semiflanged Cover
for more convenient handling. They are Discharge Spouts are welded in place when furnished
normally attached to the trough with with a complete conveyor. They are furnished in
screw clamps or bolts. thicknesses proportioned for the size and thickness of
trough.
Hip Roof covers are peaked to form a Flush end discharge spouts are furnished welded in
Flush end discharge
longitudinal ridge. They are normally Flanged Cover place on flanged or angle flanged trough. They are spout
furnished for use in outdoor applications furnished in thicknesses proportioned for the size and
because of their ability to shed water. thickness of the trough.
18 19
Technical Data layout information
Hangers - Hangers are located and preserve the trough end Screw Conveyors
between conveyor screw sections. bearings and shafts when handling Many bulk materials are handled
No. 216, 220, 226, 270, 316 and 326 abrasive or corrosive materials. easily and efficiently in screw
Screw Conveyors hangers are located at trough joints in conveyors. However, to insure the
Screw conveyors are made with assemblies. The conveyor Figure B, page 22. All hangers should Troughs - Regular and half length best possible selection of
either helicoid or sectional screws and troughs are made in clear inlet and discharge openings. troughs, listed in Table 1, page 22, components, it is recommended that
should be used to obtain the consideration be given to the physical,
flighting of various thicknesses regular lengths, but can also be Trough ends - The drive shaft or end required total trough length. chemical and handling characteristics
in a wide range of sizes in both furnished in odd lengths to suit shaft, depending on the direction of Whenever possible, supporting feet of all materials.
right-hand and left-hand requirements. material travel, should have a thrust should be used at the trough joints,
bearing to maintain clearance otherwise, use saddles as needed. The essential characteristics include
between the conveyor screws and Supporting feet located at the ends size, flowability and abrasiveness of
hangers, and the conveyor screws of the conveyor will allow removal of the materials. Other characteristics,
and trough ends. This prevents the trough ends without disturbing such as contamination, corrosiveness,
excessive wear of operating parts and trough alignment. degradability, fluffiness, etc., may
reduces power consumption. The influence the handling and should be
preferred location for the thrust Covers - Covers are made with joints given consideration. Consideration
bearing is at the end of the conveyor, located at the hangers. Protective should also be given to materials
because the conveyor pipes and seals between the troughs and which may assume different
couplings will then be in tension covers are easily applied when No. characteristics under certain
during operation. 216, 226, 270, 316, and 326 conditions of processing, atmosphere,
hangers are used. Inlet openings in age or storage. Many of the more
Drive shaft trough ends of either the the covers should clear hangers. common materials are classified in
double ball bearing or double roller the Material Characteristics Table 4,
bearing type will accommodate radial Drives - Drives should preferably be pages 26 thru 34, and are given as a
loads and thrust loads in either located at the discharge end of the guide in selecting the proper
direction. The radial or overhung load conveyor in order to keep the components. Materials not appearing
usually consists of a shaft-mounted conveyor screws and couplings in in the list can be classified by
speed reducer drive or a chain drive tension. comparison with similar materials or
connected to a power source. by establishing a classification using
Assembly Bolts - Table 2 provides a the Material Classification Code Chart
Plain trough ends require auxiliary end guide to the quantities and sizes of Table 3, page 25.
thrust provision. Depending upon the bolts required to assemble a screw
direction of the thrust, either the drive conveyor. Bolts are listed for each The delivery of material to a screw
or end shaft should have a bronze type of hanger, for each shroud, for conveyor must be at a controlled and
thrust bearing. each trough joint or trough end, and fairly uniform rate.
for 10 foot and 12 foot long sections
Seals - Trough end seals are used for of bolted cover.
additional protection for or against the
material being handled, or to protect Assembly bolts for No. 316 and No.
326 hangers are furnished with
hanger assemblies.
(1) Four bolts (4) Ten bolts (7) Sixteen bolts (10) Eight bolts for U-Trough & ten bolts for Flared Trough
(2) Six bolts (5) Twelve bolts (8) Eighteen bolts
22 (3) Eight bolts (6) Fourteen bolts (9) Twenty bolts 23
layout information material classification
24 25
material classification material classification
26 27
material classification material classification
Selection of Conveyor Size and For the calculation of conveyor of the flight. Factor CF3 relates to
Speed speeds where special types of the use of mixing paddles within the
In order to determine the size and screws are used, such as short pitch flight pitches.
speed of a screw conveyor, It is screws, cut flights, cut and folded
necessary first to establish the flights and ribbon flights, an The equivalent capacity then is found
material code number. It will be seen equivalent required capacity must be by multiplying the required capacity
from what follows that this code used, based on factors in Table 6, by one or more of the capacity
number controls the cross-sectional page 36. factors that are involved. See Table 6,
loading that should be used. page 36, for capacity factors.
Factor CF, relates to the pitch of the
The various cross-sectional loadings screw. Factor CF2 relates to the type
shown in the Screw Conveyor
Capacity Table 5 are for use with the
standard screw conveyor components
CE = Equiv. Capacity = Required Capacity (CF1) (CF2) (CF3)
indicated in the Component Group
cubic feet per hour cubic feet per hour
Selection Guide Table 8 on page 38,
and are for the usual screw conveyor
applications. The usual screw
conveyor applications may be defined
as those in industrial use where the
conveying operation is controlled with
volumetric feeders and where the
material is uniformly fed into the
conveyor housing and discharged
from it.
Check lump size limitations before
choosing conveyor diameter. See
Table 7, page 37.
Capacity Table
The Capacity Table 5 gives the
capacities in cubic feet per hour at
one revolution per minute for various
sized screw conveyors for four cross-
sectional loadings and for various
classes of materials as delineated by
code numbers. Also shown are
capacities in cubic feet per hour at
the maximum recommended
revolutions per minute.
Conveyor Speed
For screw conveyors with screws
having regular helical flights all of
standard pitch, the conveyor speed
may be calculated by the formula:
Required capacity
cubic feet per hour
N=
Cubic feet per hour
at 1 revolution per minute
where
revolutions per minute of screw,
N = but not greater than the
maximum recommended speed. *For capacities of inclined screw conveyors, contact FMC Technologies.
34 35
engineering information engineering information
To illustrate the choice of screw size This lump size distribution falls under
from Table 7, say the material is ice with Class 1. From Table 7, the ratio R is
Material Characteristic code number 1.75 and the radial clearance (4)
D15, 35 to 45 lbs. per cubic foot and (1.75) or 7 inches. This calls for an 18
with size distribution as follows: inch diameter screw.
4"x2," 9%
2"x1," 41%
1"x3/8," 22%
minus 3/8," 28%.
36 37
engineering information engineering information
Component Groups
(1)For very corrosive conditions (codes 6S or 7S) lighter gauge special anti-corrosion materials
may be used.
(2)Ball bearings are not usually recommended for conveyors handling materials partly or wholly
finely ground. (Code A)
(3)Any abrasive material which is flammable, corrosive, or which may contain explosive dust,
consult manufacturer for bearing recommendations,
38 39
engineering information engineering information
HPm = CELWFm _
1,000,000
(HPf + HPm) Fo
Motor HP = ______________
e
Torsional Ratings of
Conveyor Screw Parts
Screw conveyors are limited in overall
length by the amount of torque that
can be safely transmitted through the
pipes and couplings.
Table 15 combines the various
torsional ratings of bolts, couplings
and pipes so that it is easy to compare
the torsional ratings of all the stressed
parts of standard conveyor screws.
The table conforms to the CEMA Screw
Conveyor Standard No. 300. The Screw Conveyor End Thrust The direction of thrust in a screw
torsional values are confined to the conveyor or feeder is opposite to
sizes listed in that standard. Most screw conveyors can be the direction of flow of the product.
designed with little thought given to It is preferred to accommodate the
The lowest torsional rating figure for thrust as the thrust force in an thrust at the discharge end as this
any given size of coupling will be the ordinary screw conveyor is moderate results in the line of screws and
one that governs how much and commonly used screw conveyor couplings being in tension.
horsepower may be safely drives will accommodate thrust in
transmitted. For example, using either direction. However, in screw The most common drives in use
standard unhardened two bolt feeders with long inlet openings and today are the so-called screw
coupling shafts, the limiting torsional in screws used to compress material conveyor drives that are adaptations
length of each part is indicated in (either by design or by accident of shaft mounted reducers. These
Table 15. when discharge openings are include drive shafts that are secured
plugged) thrust forces can be very in the reducer so as to take thrust in
Thus it can be seen that the shaft itself severe. Severe thrust forces can strip either direction and transfer the
is the limiting factor on 1," 11/2," and 2" the flights from the pipe, stall the thrust force to one of the hollow
couplings. The bolts in shear are the drive, result in sheared coupling shaft bearings of the reducer.
limiting factors on the 27/16," coupling bolts or fractured couplings and
and on the 3" coupling used in shaft.
conjunction with 4" pipe. The bolts in
bearing are the limiting factors for the
3" coupling used in conjunction with
31/2" pipe, and for the 3/16" coupling.
63025 x HP
Torque, TQ = ___________
rpm
Figure E
42 43
engineering information
44 45
engineering information engineering information
Screw Feeders A. Kind and character of material capacity at one rpm or C,. Divide the
This section relates to screw feeders being handled. required feeder capacity by C, to
that are used to control the rate of flow obtain the required speed in rpm.
B. Density of material as conveyed,
of a bulk material from a bin or hopper.
This is limited to the handling of bulk lbs/ft3. C
free flowing materials less than 1/8" in N=
C. Maximum rate at which material is Ct
size and which are classified as to be handled, ft3/hr.
abrasive 5 or 6 as shown in Table 3, where:
page 25. D. Size consist or screen size analysis.
E. Overall length of feeder, or feeder N = Speed of feeder in rpm.
In screw feeders, the inlet portion of the with extended conveyor, feet.
trough is made to be flooded with the C = Required capacity of feeder, Single Screw Feeder
material and by means of a shroud in F. Width and length of inlet opening. ft3/hr. Figure F
the trough, or by the use of a tubular
Single screw feeders are most
trough, only a controlled amount is C1 = Capacity at one rpm, ft3/hr.
commonly used. However, if the inlet
carried to the discharge.
opening is very wide, multiple screw
feeders are more practical. This maximum rpm is not absolute
The screws in the feeder are arranged in
but has been selected as general
several different ways, depending upon
Single Screw Feeders recommended practice. Experience
circumstances. For relatively small inlet
The single screw feeder may be a with a particular set of conditions, or
openings, the screw often has a
separate unit, or it may be extended application, may establish slightly
standard diameter and pitch. Frequently,
by sections of normal screw conveyor different design limitations. Many
however the screw is tapered in
to any practical length. The procedure factors including bin or hopper design,
diameter with its smallest diameter at
by which to choose a single screw a subject not covered here, will
the extreme feed end. Screws also may
feeder is as follows: significantly affect screw feeder
be made with a constant standard
performance.
diameter and a variable pitch, the pitch Refer to Material Classification Code,
growing larger from the extreme feed Table 3, page 25, and the Material Single Screw Feeder Arrangement
end. The purpose of the tapered Characteristics, Table 4, pages 26 thru Single Screw Feeder With Extention Conveyor
The arrangement and dimensional Figure G
diameter or variable pitch screw is to 34. Determine the material code class data for single screw feeders are
obtain an even flow from all areas of the and density from Table 4. shown in Figure F, page 47, and
feed opening. The capacity of tapered
Table 16. Power Required
screws or variable pitch screws is Capacity and Speed
determined by the diameter and pitch at From Table 16, under the column The calculation of the required Feeder Material Friction Power L = Length of extension conveyor, feet.
Extension Conveyor horsepower to operate screw feeders
the downstream end of the inlet opening. captioned at maximum rpm, find the
The arrangement of an extension is very similar to that involved for C W Lf Fm
HPb = __________ Lf = Equivalent length of feeder, feet.
capacity which equals or exceeds the
Several factors should be established conveyor, directly connected to a standard screw conveyors. Essentially, 1,000,000 See Table 17, page 48, for method
desired feeder capacity. Then find
before selecting a screw feeder, these single screw feeder, is shown in the calculation involves the addition of of arriving at values of L1.
from that the feeder diameter and
being: Figure G, page 47. Obviously the two horsepowers, one for empty and Empty Extension Conveyor Friction
extension conveyor must operate at feeder friction, and the other the Power L l = Length of feeder, feet, as
the same rpm as the feeder. The size material friction. shown in Figures F and G.
of the extension conveyor may be L N Fd Fb
HPf = _________
obtained by referring to Table 5, Horsepower for Single Screw Feeder: 1,000,000 N = Speed of screw rotation, rpm.
page 35. For the code class of the (HPa + HPb)Fo
HP = _____________
material to be handled find a screw e Extension Conveyor Material Friction Fb = Hanger bearing factor,
diameter which will give an equal or Power Table 13, page 41.
greater capacity in cubic feet per Horsepower for Single Screw Feeder
with Extension Conveyor: C W L Fm
HPm = _________
hour at one rpm than the C, capacity Fd = Conveyor diameter factor,
of the screw feeder used in the 1,000,000 Table 14, page 42.
formula to determine the feeder 1(HRa + HPb + HP1 + HPm) Fo
HP = _________________________ and the nomenclature used is defined:
speed. The degree of trough loading e Fm = Material factor, Table 4,
corresponding to the code class of C = Capacity in ft3/hr. pages 26 thru 34.
material to be handled and its Where: Empty Feeder Friction Power
abrasiveness, must not be exceeded. W = Apparent density of materials as Fo = Overload factor, Figure 14,
1
( )Dimensions are typical and approximate. Actual 3
( )Maximum in regular construction. Larger inlet L1 N Fd Fb
HPa = __________ conveyed, lbs/ft3
dimensions should be certified for installation purposes. openings require engineering consideration not page 42.
(2)Based on 100% of theoretical capacity with standard covered here. 1,000,000
pitch and screw pipe. For nonstandard pitch or pipe size (4)The length C is equal to two standard pitches. e = Efficiency of the drive selected.
consult screw conveyor manufacturer.
46 47
engineering information engineering information
C W Lf Fm =
(i) HPb = __________
1,000,000
48 49
component selection component selection
Helicoid Flight
50 51
component selection component selection
52 53
component selection component selection
Sectional Flights are individual flights formed into a spiral or helix of the
desired diameter and pitch, butt welded together to form a continuous
conveyor screw.
54 55
component selection component selection Type 1 Paddles consist of formed steel blades mounted on bolt or rod
shanks which are inserted through regular conveyor screw pipe. They
are normally mounted at 120 degree intervals spacing, three paddles
per pitch. Paddle at each end of conveyor may be inserted through bolt
hole in place of regular coupling bolt. Paddle blades may be set at any
angle to produce the desired degree of agitation. Paddle conveyor
screws are used for mixing, blending or stirring dry or fluid materials.
Ribbon flight conveyor screws consist of sectional flights, butt welded together to
form a continuous helix. Flights are secured to the pipe by supporting lugs. Both
ends of the pipe have permanent internal collars with inside diameters to accept
couplings, drive shafts and end shafts.
They are used for conveying sticky, gummy or viscous substances, or where the
material tends to adhere to flighting at the pipe. Stainless steel ribbon flight
conveyor screws can be furnished.
Drive shafts deliver the driving power, and are designed to provide End shafts serve only as support for the last section of conveyor
adequate torque, bending and shear strength, and correct bearing screw and are furnished of cold-finished steel.
clearances. For extra heavy loads, high carbon steel or heat-treated
alloy steel shafts are used. Jig-drilled coupling bolt holes and
accurately cut keyseats contribute to ease of assembly.
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component selection component selection
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component selection component selection
End Lugs are die-formed steel plates welded to both ends of helicold
flighting and to the pipe to strengthen the end of flighting.
Split Flight Coupling Shafts are used to transmit rotation and to position
accurately and support the split flight couplings.
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component selection component selection
No. 216 Hangers have formed steel frames of superior strength and
rigidty and are excellent for heavy service. These hangers are normally
No. 270 Hangers have formed steel frames and self-aligning ball furnished with hard iron, babbitted: bronze, oil impregnated wood or
bearings which reduce power consumption and noise levels. molded fabric bearinqs, but can also be furnished with special bearings.
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component selection component selection
No. 316 Hangers are similar in construction to No. 216 hangers, except
No. 226 Hangers have a rigid formed steel frame with clearance for that they are self-adjusting. The top bars are arranged to slide on angle
passage of material in large volume. These hangers are normally guides fastened to the troughs. These hangers are normally furnished
furnished wit h hard iron, babbitted, bronze, oil impregnated wood or with hard iron, babbitted, bronze, oil impregnated wood or molded
molded fabric bearings, but can also be furnished with special bearings. fabric bearings, but can also be furnished with special bearings.
Stainless steel frames can be furnished.
64 65
component selection component selection
No. 326 Hangers are similar in construction to No. 226 hangers, except
that they are self-adjusting. The top bars are arranged to slide on angle No. 216F Hangers are similar in construction to No. 216 hangers, except
guides fastened to the troughs. These hangers are normally furnished that they are designed for mounting in flared trough. These hangers are
with hard iron, babbitted, bronze, oil impregnated wood or molded normally furnished with hard iron, babbitted, bronze, oil impregnated
fabric bearings, but can also be furnished with special bearings. wood or molded fabric bearings, but can also be furnished with special
bearings.
66 67
component selection component selection
No. 220 Hangers are similar in construction to No. 226 hangers, except
that they are mounted on top of the trough angles or flanges. These
hangers are normally furnished with hard iron, babbitted, bronze, oil
impregnated wood or molded fabric bearings, but can also be furnished
with special bearings. Stainless steel frames can be furnished.
No. 230 Hangers are similar in construction to No. 216 hangers, except
that they are mounted on top of the trough angles or flanges. These
hangers are normally furnished with hard iron, babitted, bronze, oil
impregnated wood or molded fabric bearings, but can also be furnished
with special bearings. Stainless steel frames can be furnished.
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component selection component selection
Trough End Plates consist of heavy steel plate, flanged at the top for
supporting the trough cover. They can be furnished with or without feet,
formed by a flange at the bottom for supporting the conveyor trough.
They are drilled and countersunk on the back side, to suit either
babbitted, bronze, or ball bearing flanged units, or shaft-mounted screw
conveyor drive adapter housings. Trough end plates with mounting holes
located other than shown, can be furnished. Stainless steel trough end
plates with or without feet, can be furnished.
70 71
component selection
72 73
component selection component selection
74 75
component description component selection
Trough Ends
Double Ball Bearing Flanged Blocks with drive shafts consist of rigid
shafts operating in two single row, deep groove ball bearings which are
effectively sealed and mounted in heavy, one-piece gray iron housings.
Spring locking collars with two set screws hold bearings firmly on
shafts. This unit will accommodate radial and thrust loads. Shafts are
available for use with or without trough end seals. These flanged blocks
can also be furnished with tail shafts.
76 77
Screw conveyor component selection
Drive Shaft Trough Ends with Double Roller Bearings have large radial
capacity. In addition, the assembly accommodates heavy thrust loads
in either direction, making separate thrust provisions unnecessary.
78 79
component selection component selection
Double Roller Bearing Flanged Blocks with drive shafts consist of rigid
shafts operating in two oversize roller bearings which are effectively sealed
and mounted in rugged two-piece gray iron housings. The bearings are
held in place by necked shafts and are suitable for heavy thrust loads in
either direction in addition to carrying radial loads for overhung drive
applications. These flanged blocks can also be furnished with tail shafts.
Seal Glands are mounted internally on all trough ends except the outboard
bearing type where they are externally mounted. They consist of gray iron
split flanges in which packing materials are compressed against machined
steel collars. These seals provide maximum protection for or against
materials being handled.
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component selection component selection
Screw Conveyor U-Troughs are made in two basic types: angle flanged end of the trough plate in special fixtures to assure square, true connections,
and flanged. Angle flanged troughs consist of steel angles welded They also preserve trough contour and facilitate assembly, Angle end flanges
lengthwise to the trough plates to form the top flanges. Flanged troughs are used on troughs for 4- through 12-inch diameter screws, and plate end
are made by forming the top flanges integrally with the trough sides flanges on all other sizes, Troughs made of stainless steel, or other kinds of
from a single steel plate. Steel end flanges are securely welded to each special metals for specific purposes, can be furnished.
82 83
component selection component selection
84 85
component selection component selection
86 87
component selection component selection
88 89
component selection component selection
Clamps for attaching covers to screw conveyor troughs are available in spring,
Quik-Wire and screw types. Quick-acting clamps are primarily used for drop
bottom screw conveyor troughs. Spring clamps with brackets are attached to the
top side of semi-flanged covers. Plain spring clamps are used for service doors,
inspection doors or removable covers and panels. Quik-Wire clamps and screw
clamps are normally used for attaching flanged covers to screw conveyor
troughs, but can also be used for attaching plain and semi-flanged covers.
Trough End Flanges are made of steel angles or plates, formed and Supporting Feet are of formed steel for use with end flanges and
punched to assure accurate, closely-fitted trough connections and provide a convenient means of aligning and supporting conveyors from
complete interchangeability. Angle end flanges are normally furnished floors, and supporting structures.
in all listed gauges and on all trough sizes up to and including 12 Saddles are used when location of support points does not coincide
inches. Plate end flanges are normally furnished on 14-inch and larger with the spacing of joint flanges or when troughs with butt-welded or
troughs, and on heavier than listed gauges for all size troughs. butt-strapped connections are used.
Shrouds are used in trough sections of screw feeders to decrease the clearance
between the cover and feeder screw to obtain proper feed regulation. Lengths are
sufficient to prevent flushing of the majority of materials being handled and gauges
are proportioned to trough size and gauge. Stainless steel shrouds can be furnished.
(1) Bolts are not included. Saddles include (4) Six bolt holes
angle clip fastened in place for welding (5) Eight bolt holes
to trough. (6) Ten bolt holes
(2) Angle end flange for sizes 4 " thru 12," (7) Twelve bolt holes
other sizes are plate end flanges.
(3) Supporting feet are regularly furnished.
Only one supporting foot per trough
90 section is normally required. 91
component selection component selection
92 93
component selection component selection
Rack and Pinion Discharge Gates have cut-tooth racks welded to the shafts operated by hand wheels or chain wheels. Stainless steel rack
slide plates and are actuated by cut-tooth pinions mounted on pinion and pinions can be furnished.
94 95
component selection component selection
96 97
Screw Conveyor
Safety Practices
TO AVOID UNSAFE OR HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS,
THE FOLLOWING MINI PROVISIONS MUST BE
STRICTLY OBSERVED.
1.(A) SCREW CONVEYORS SHALL NEVER BE
OPERATED UNLESS THE CONVEYOR
HOUSING COMPLETELY ENCLOSES THE
CONVEYOR MOVING ELEMENTS.
All necessary housings, covers, safety guards, railings,
gratings and power transmission guards must be in
place. If the conveyor is to be opened for inspection,
cleaning or observation, the motor driving the
conveyor is to be locked out electrically in such a
manner that it cannot be started by anyone, however
remote from the area unless the conveyor housing has
been closed and all guards are in place. THE
HOUSINGS, COVERS, AND GUARDS ARE
NECESSARY TO PREVENT ANYONE FROM
ENTERING, REACHING, OR FALLING INTO
THE MACHINERY, WHICH MAY RESULT IN
SERIOUS PERSONAL INJURY.
(B) If the conveyor must have an open housing as a condition of its use, the entire open
conveyor is then to be guarded by a railing, fence or rugged safety grating.
(C) Feed openings for shovel, front end loader or other mechanical equipment shall be
constructed in such a way that the conveyor is covered by a rugged grating. It the nature of
the material is such that a grating can’t be used, then the exposed section of the conveyor
is to be guarded by a railing and there shall be warning signs posted.
2. DO NOT PLACE HANDS OR FEET IN ANY CONVEYOR OPENING, TO AVOID
BEING CAUGHT BETWEEN THE ROTATING CONVEYOR SCREW AND THE
CONVEYOR HOUSING.
3. DO NOT WALK ON CONVEYOR COVERS OR GRATINGS OR POWER
TRANSMISSION GUARDS, TO AVOID FALLING INTO OR AGAINST THE ROTATING
CONVEYOR SCREW.
4. DO NOT poke or prod material in the conveyor with a bar or stick, to avoid being struck by
the bar or stick.
5. DO NOT overload conveyor or use it for anything but its intended use.
6. DO practice good housekeeping.
98
Corporate
Regional