2 Methods of Literature
1. Mirror- realistic/ mirrors allow as to think and judge
accurately (pictures, books, etc.) “we should think the
quality of the mirror rather than reflects. These frames
limits your focus. Checking the discrepancy of the
mirror but its in the person its love dirt.” have focus
edges of frames that limits the temptation (harry potter,
snowhite, etc.)/ we think of them as reflecting what is in
front of us in a straightforward way./ what we see is a
mirror in an accurate imitation of the real world./
M.H. Abrams- literary critic/ he propose the two
metaphors.
Some ideas about nonfiction literature:
1. Doesn’t fully reflect reality in a unproblematic way.
2. Selects particular moments, highlights them & put a
frame around them.
3. Limit or ignore important contexts.
4. might act like a distorted mirror, exaggeration some
aspect & giving others short shift.
5. Young adult literature, that strives to mirror &
difficult reality doesn’t light war forward out of a bad
situation.
Narcism- selfishness
Narcissus- beauty to the reflection
Christine Aepperman- Poet “Now all mirrors shatter”
Meaning= temptation, danger, portal/ poet/proclaim
that teen girls face the beauty me
Rudine Sims Bishop (1990)- multi-cultural books
literature
1. Window- as a window “how do window position
viewers”
2.. Door- how do door work? How will you approach the
door? What is require to open a door?
Quality of a Mirror:
1. Fractured mirror that breaks us apart
2. Most of the mirrors have frame- limits our focus
3. Mirror don’t generate its own light
4. Our behaviour in front of the mirror- we interact in
front of the mirror, check discrepancy on the mirror
Non- fictional literature (mirror)
1. It doesn’t fully reflect/ represent reality in a
transparent/ even unproblematic way.
2. It select particular moments, highlights them & puts
a frame around the,.
3. It also may limit/ignore important contexts.
4. It might act like a distorted mirror, exaggerating
some aspects & idealizing or stereotyping charades/
exposing their cracks & flaws.
5. In young adult literature, a book that strives to
mirror a difficult reality doesn’t light the way.
2. Lamp
- Illumination of Writer’s Soul- the spotlight of past
lighting the passing lights to the future/./ through
literature we can see ideas, emotions, thoughts that we
conceal in everyday life
- Self- Understanding- purpose of your reading
- Understanding the context- reflecting on what you are
reading.
- Aladdin’s lamp that light his way to his realization to
his heart desires.
- Your childhood experience reading can reflect it to
yourself
- Illumination of the writer’s sould
-“we can see ideas, thought, emotions that might reveal
silent we can see what is in front of you.
2 process:
1. Casting a spotlight on pasts that we have not
experienced.
2. Lighting possible paths into multiple kinds of futures
Alladin’s Lamp - positivity & danger/ open’s world of
possibilities & danger but the danger in getting the lamp
is the lost of his authority.
Weetzie Bat’s Lamp- realization to his heart desires.
Alvin Hu (second grader)- allergic to dead bodies/
brother CALVIN/ made of ingenious plans of making
drawing of history of CONCORDIA
Seth Lerer (2008)- distinguished scholar/ if there is
CHILDREN, there is LITERATURE./ adults & children
participated in communal plays
Calvin Hope- Window- looking through/ there is a
limitation
Conscious & Unconscious Ideology- Antiquity & the
present/ History matters to children childhood
Ice berg in Ideology- you are frame w/ your beliefs &
limitation.
Ideology- refers to the consciously & unconsciously held
beliefs, structure & inform our attitudes & actions.
Atheist- do not believe in God
Conscious- awareness
Unconscious- we absorb to ideas/ common sense.
Values we take for granted:
 Ethnic attitudes, prejudices- unfair feelings,
commanding w/o thinking, w/o thought w/ the
world around us.
Anne Fine- wrote the Madame Doubt fire.
Philippe Aries- Centuries of Childhood/ A social History
of Family.
Medieval History- treat children as young adult.
Hugh Cunningham- Sentiment/disagree w/ medieval
history
Eva m. Simms (2008)- elaborate the provocative
ideas/in between the childhood & Adulthood/
everybody have rituals/ children become children &
adults become more adults/ during
CRUSADES/PILGRIMAGE- this is the only time that they
can vacate the place/ YOUNG ADULT- began to loose
their traditions
Preprint Era- early 20th century training song,
poems,etc/ instruction conveyed orally
Hunter- gatherer society- nomadic have work
(fishing/hunting)
Barbara Kieter ( 2011) –painting &artifacts/picture book
R. Dale-Buthrie (2005)- painting/sculpture of
adolescent males & women half-naked/ scary-hunting
scene/ combine visual & verbal
Little by Blue- only males can own a land/ they are
powerful
1. Narcisus who won’t turn away the beauty of his
reflection
2. Harry Potter ( Mirror by Erascith)
3. Allice in the wonderland ( Louis Carols) BROADSIDES- large sheets printed in on side that
4. Vampire (Thirsty) contain news
5. Snow White Jean- Jacque Rousseau- 100 years after John Locke/
innocent goodness & corrupted by adults/ Emily on
Adolescent literature- expressing the fears & loneliness Education/ children born good/
Stearns (2006)- low birth rate/ hunting- main work Parting words “ LOVE CHILDHOOD”
Preprint Era- low birth rate -everything is good but everything degenerates in the
9000 BCE- hunting to agriculture/ higher birth rate, hands of man
semi- nomadic/ summer cavation- from hunting-warrior -children can act their own but adult choose self
(male), household chores (female)/ true birth of interest out of envy & pride.
adolescent/ William Blake- “Songs of Innocence”/ he gave voice for
1st century- 15th century- treated as adults/transmitted a nostalgia living in industrial cities/
to oral arts (story telling, drama, murals, etc.)/ Thomas Boreman’s Gigantic Histories (1740)- “ Tommy
Key purpose of education: MORAL & PRACTICAL / Thumb’s Pretty Song book”- collection of English
Exploits of failure of great man & woman/ nursery rhymes
Key purpose of educ: MORAL & PRACTICAL John Newsberry- “ A Little Pretty Pocket- book”
SOCRATES- officially put to death for CORRUPTING THE Jonathan Swift- “Gulliver’s Travel” “lilliput’
YOUTH Leonore Look- ALVIN- 2 grader who is worried about his
JULIAN- roman emperor; he banned Christians in exam in history. Helped by CALVIN, he made SYMBOLIC
teaching Christian curricular; the christian teacher PICTURES/ in literature, you should know when to start
turned to allegorical story & plays built in biblical texts & what to include.
(hidden spiritual meaning) John Bunyan- “The Pilgrim’s Progress” (allegorical)
1400-1600- hand copied books of courtesy/ wherein James Janeway- “A Token for Children”, “Holy &
circulated among upper classes/ books were rare/ Exemplary Lives”, “Joyful Deaths of Several Young
literacy were taught using “WAX TABLETS” Children
From wax tablets to “GUTENBERG PRESS” in the 1400 – John Green- “The fault in our stars”- heroism in dying
they are not allowed for children/ children use adolescents
HORNBOOKS (Lord ’s Prayer, alphabet, vowel &
consonant, numerals) After 100 years- Lewis Caroll came- alice book- to make
1658- book of words & pictures/ ORBIS SENSUALIUM their lives better
PICTUS ( The Visible World in Pictures) by Czech
author, JOHN AMOS COMENIUS – inspired by his own
upbringing & protestant beliefs that every person is
responsible w/ his/her relationship w/ GOD/ the
teaching of reading through vernacular language./ the
idea of pictures & subject familiar w/ children to
introduce new words & concepts/ child needs to be able
to read scriptures & understand the world/
PROGRESSIVISM
JOHN CALVIN- reformist thinker/ children were made in
the image of God but tainted by the original sin from
birth & in need of salvation.
ISAAC WATTS- at the age of 7 years old, he made a
POEM,
“I am a vile polluted lump of earth,
S o I've continued ever since my birth,
A lthough Jehovah grace does daily give me,
A s sure this monster Satan will deceive me,
C ome therefore, Lord from Satan's claws relieve me.”
New England Primer- 1687-1690/ contemporary
English speaking children/ children are special gift from
God but infected by original sin & does need to be
cherished but need to be connected by its faith.
John Locke- dominate contemporary thinking/ reject
original sins/ believe that children born w/ blank slate
“tabula rasa” /children have access to horror stories &
traditional tales to make them obedient/ SOCIAL
CONSTRUCTIOVIST
 Rawhead, Bloodybones- popular monsters
TABLOID- cheap publication aimed to attract stories
CHAPBOOKS- short stories/ worth a penny