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DISCIPLINES and IDEAS IN SOCIAL

SCIENCES
QUARTER 2 – MODULE 4

Social Science and Social Problems

INTRODUCTION (What I need to know)

In the previous lesson, you were able to learn the ideas of our forefathers in Agham
Panlipunang Pilipino that influenced the concepts of Sikolohiyang Pilipino at Pantayong Pananaw,
and you became conscious on the role of social science in the global phenomenon which are
essential in shaping the right values of young Filipinos towards good citizenship.

In this concluding lesson, it will help you examine how the disciplines of Social Sciences
address different social issues.

(MELC) Most Essential Learning Competency:

Analyze the practical use of Social Sciences in addressing social concerns and
phenomenon.

At the end of this module, you shall be able to:

a. Identify the social problem;
b. Analyze the response to social concerns;
c. Design intervention programs in resolving social issues/concerns.

DISCUSSIONS AND ACTIVITIES (What is it)

Social Science and Social Problems

Social problems are:

 Condition or behavior that has negative consequences for large numbers of people and
that is generally recognized as a condition or behavior that needs to be addressed. 
 Problems that result in pain, suffering & misery. Victims may need medical help.
 Unpleasant & unacceptable behavior like stealing and bullying
 Conditions that are widespread in the society because people do not use caution in their
actions
 Things that affect many people in a bad way - like being poor[ CITATION Bes19 \l 13321 ]

What are the common Social Problems?

1. Poverty
 Poverty is a state or condition in which a person or community lacks the financial
resources and essentials for a minimum standard of living.
 Poverty means that the income level from employment is so low that basic human needs
can't be met.
 Poverty-stricken people and families might go without proper housing, clean water,
healthy food, and medical attention. Each nation may have its own threshold that
determines how many of its people are living in poverty. [ CITATION Che20 \l 13321 ]
Causes of Poverty

 Lack of good jobs/job growth

2. Corruption  Lack of infrastructure
 Lack of good education  Lack of good healthcare
 Weather/climate change  Lack of government support
 Warfare/conflict  Lack of food and water
 Social injustice 2 High costs
 Corruption is dishonest behavior by those in positions of power, such as managers or
government officials. Corruption can include giving or accepting bribes or inappropriate gifts,
double-dealing, under-the-table transactions, manipulating elections, diverting funds,
laundering money, and defrauding investors [CITATION Che201 \l 13321 ]

How to prevent corruption?

Corruption is likely to be reduced with accountability mechanisms in place; this in

turn is likely to reinforce a culture that fosters strong ethical behavior while holding those
to account who violate the norms. Corruption can further be reduced by making it easy to
report, whether by managers, employees, suppliers, and customers. A robust control
environment also reduces the risk of corruption as do thorough background checks before
hiring or promoting employees.

3. Unemployment

Unemployment occurs when a person who is actively searching for employment is unable

to find work. Unemployment is often used as a measure of the health of the economy. The
most frequent measure of unemployment is the unemployment rate, which is the number of
unemployed people divided by the number of people in the labor force .

Unemployment in the Philippines is attributed to reasons including overpopulation,

oversupply of labor force on certain industries and the inability to take on available jobs. 

In recent times, due to the health and economic crises caused by the COVID-19
pandemic, World Bank has projected that as many as 3 million more Filipinos will either be
jobless or fall into poverty this year. [CITATION Inv20 \l 13321 ]

4. Terrorism

Terrorist attacks have been causing a major strain to the country’s travel and tourism
sector. In the World Economic Forum’s (WEF) Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index
2017, the Philippines slid five places to 79th spot out of 136 countries. The country got an
overall score of 3.6 and of the 14 pillars considered, it was on safety and security that the
Philippines got its lowest rank. The Philippines landed at the 126th place, the bottom end of
the spectrum.
Terrorism, the calculated use of violence to create a general climate of fear in
a population and thereby to bring about a particular political objective. [ CITATION Jen20 \l 13321
]

Effects of Terrorism

1. Terrorist acts can cause ripple effects through the economy that have negative impacts.
2. The most obvious is the direct economic destruction of property and lives.
3. Terrorism directly affects the economy by creating market uncertainty, xenophobia, loss of
tourism, and loss of lives and properties.

5. Natural Disasters

Natural disaster is an event that is caused by the natural forces of the earth and results
in great damage and possibly loss of life. Each year, the earth experiences natural disasters.
When natural disasters occur in heavily populated areas, a lot of people may lose their lives. [
CITATION Rit14 \l 13321 ] 

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Types of Natural Disasters that usually occur in the Philippines:

TYPHOON EARTHQUAKE WILD FIRE/FOREST FIRE

Source: GMA news by Unknown Author is licensed under
Source: vectorstock.com

VOLCANIC ERUPTION DROUGHT

by Unknown Author is licensed under Source: stockart.com

6. Crimes
Crime is the breach of rules or laws for which some governing authority can ultimately
prescribe a conviction. While every crime violates the law, not every violation of the law
counts as a crime; for example, breaches of contract and of other civil law may rank as
“offenses” or as “infractions”.  

Types of crimes
 A violent crime is a crime in which the offender uses or threatens to use violent force
upon the victim.
 Sex crimes are forms of human sexual behavior that are crimes. Someone who
commits one is said to be a sex offender.
 Property crime involves the taking of money or property, and does not involve force or
threat of force against a victim.
 Hate crimes occur when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her perceived
membership in a certain social group, usually defined by racial group, religion, sexual
orientation, disability, class, ethnicity, nationality, age, sex, or gender identity.
 Organized crime is the transnational, national, or local grouping of highly centralized
enterprises run by criminals for the purpose of engaging in illegal activity.
 Virtual crime refers to a virtual criminal act that takes place in a massively multiplayer
online game (MMOG). [ CITATION Lea20 \l 13321 ]

Responding to Social Problems

Resolving social problems is neither a simple and quick process. But the advent of technology
nowadays, Forbes Technology Council has provided suggestions for potential solutions with
the use of technology to resolve social problems in the world. [ CITATION Bro17 \l 1033 ]
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1. Climate Change

Climate change will become the most significant destabilizing global issue.
Technology can help in many ways, from making electric cars mainstream and building
alternative sources of energy to replace coal to creating more efficient buildings, non-
polluting air conditioning systems and desalination systems. 

2. Poverty

Poverty can be eliminated by using technology to create more jobs and open up a
wider marketplace for those in developing countries to reach an audience that would be
interested in buying what they make or offer. Ensuring everyone has equal access to the
internet can certainly go a long way to creating a way for more people to economically
sustain themselves.

3. Education

Technologies like online courses and robots in the classroom allow for a higher-
quality and standardized delivery of curriculum by experts who really understand the
subjects being taught. This type of education dramatically increases access both for urban
and rural classrooms that lack the resources to maintain a well-trained staff. 

4. Public Safety

Kidnappings, ambushes and reports of rape are words that we unfortunately read
in headlines on a regular basis. Enhanced CCTV cameras or personal devices with face
recognition technologies connected to a database of criminals may be able to proactively
warn when known offenders are in close proximity, while peer-to-peer, location-based
emergency communication technologies can enable victims to seek help from law
enforcement or others nearby.

5. Farming

Leveraging e-commerce technologies to improve access to healthier options will

help save trillions of dollars in health care, help families live healthier, happier lives and
make the healthier options affordable. With deep learning technologies, we can do
analysis and predictions on how we farm our crops and livestock, allowing us to evaluate
and optimize the sustainability of farming. 

Other ways in resolving social concerns are:

1. Providing access to job-oriented education (vocational course) in order to gain

opportunity of employment.

2. Providing intensified awareness campaign on population control, making family

planning devices should be made available at no cost for the poor and in rural
areas in order to resolve the issue on population growth.

3. Provision of free education and scholarships grants opportunities to all poor but
deserving students. [ CITATION Bro17 \l 13321 ]

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ACTIVITY 1: Concept Map

Directions:
1. Fill in the concept map with five (5) social concerns/issues that you see, observe or
experience in your own or community.
2. Write the name of your community at the center of the diagram.

ACTIVITY 2: What is the issue

Directions: Based from Activity 1, select one (1) social issue and explain it in 3 sentences.
Write it in your answer sheet.

Rubrics
Criteria Points
Grammar 5
Idea/concept 5
Relevance to the topic 5
Total 15

ACTIVITY 3: Write it Right!

Directions: Answer the following questions in your answer sheet using the rubrics below as
your guide.

1. After identifying the social concerns/issues of your community, can you say that your
community is a good or bad place to live in? Why?

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2. After identifying the social concerns/issues of your community, can you say, it can influence
you to be a good or a bad citizen? Why?

Rubrics
Criteria Points
Content (presence of ideas) 3
Organization of ideas & grammar, spelling 2
Total 5

ASSESSMENT

I. Directions: Identify the social problem in each situation. Write it in your answer sheets.

1. El Nino _________________________________________
2. Marawi siege ____________________________________
3. “Pastillas” group ________________________________
4. “No job vacancy” ________________________________
5. Maguindanao massacre _________________________

II. Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is incorrect.
1. Corruption is dishonest behavior by those in positions of power, such as
managers or government officials.
2. Terrorism is a form of peacefulness that cause destruction of properties and loss
of lives.
3. Organized crimes are transnational, national, or local groupings of highly
centralized enterprises run by criminals for the purpose of engaging in illegal
activity
4. The conditions that are widespread in the society because people do not use
caution in their actions refers to social problem.
5. Poverty means that the income level from employment is so low that basic
human needs can't be met.
6. A controlled environment reduces the risk of corruption like a thorough
background checks before hiring or promoting employees.
7. Employment is a term referring to individuals who are employable and seeking a
job but are unable to find a job.
8. Terrorism indirectly affects the economy by creating market uncertainty,
xenophobia, loss of tourism, and loss of lives and properties.
9. Breaches of contract and of other civil law may rank as “offenses” or as
“infractions.
10. Providing awareness campaign on population control, making family planning
devices should be made available at no cost for the poor and in rural areas in
order to resolve the issue on population growth.

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III. Directions: Identify the different parts of a project proposal, write your answer in a
separate sheet of paper.

Parts of a Project Proposal

I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI
VII.
VIII.

ANSWER KEY TO ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Concept Map: Answer may vary
Activity 2: What is the issue: Answer may vary, use rubrics for the assessment
Activity 3: Reflection: Answer may vary

REFERENCES
Best, J. (2019, November 4). Social Problems. Oxford Bibliographies. Retrieved from
https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199756384/obo-9780199756384-0052.xml

Brown, C. (2017, August 14). How Technology Leaders Can Help Social Problems. Forbes Technology Council Post.
Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2017/08/14/how-technology-leaders-can-help-with-
social-problems/?sh=1ebf92597b8d

Chen, James (2020, July 14). Corruption. Investopedia.com. Retrieved from

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corruption.asp

Chen, James (2020, September 4). Poverty. Investopedia. Retrieved from

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/poverty.asp

Investopedia. (2020, October 26). Unemployment. Investopedia.com. Retrieved December 17, 2020 from
https://ww.investopedia.com/terms/u/unemployment.asp

Jenkins, John Philip (2020, July 27). Terrorism, Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/topic/terrorism

Lumen Learning. (2020). Deviance, Social Control and Crime. lumenlearning.com Retrieved from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/crime

Ritchie, Hannah and Roser, Max (2014). Natural Disasters. Our World In Data Organization. Retrieved from
https://ourworldindata.org/natural.disaster

https://artifacts.ai/your-complete-guide-on-why-social-science-is-important/

https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/04/18/beyond-the-data-what-does-being-poor-in-the-phl-mean

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https://business.inquirer.net/230330/terror-threats-make-harder-ph-become-key-tourist-
destination#ixzz6cbxSy6BS

https://business.inquirer.net/308776/world-bank-sees-3-million-more-filipinos-unemployed-poor-this-
year#ixzz6cbuvDWW2

https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/economics/unemployment/

https://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/departments/esic/overview/content/what_is_poverty.html

https://items.ssrc.org/from-our-archives/social-science-and-contemporary-social-problems/

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/social-science.asp

https://www.humanrightscareers.com/issues/root-causes-of-poverty/

https://kullabs.com/grade-6/social-6/social-problems-and-solutions-1/causes-and-solution-of-social-problems

https://www.lse.ac.uk/social-policy/about-us/What-is-social-policy

https://www.palgrave.com/gp/campaigns/social-science-matters/10-reasons-for-social-science

https://open.lib.umn.edu/socialproblems/chapter/1-1-what-is-a-social-problem/

https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=4498&printable=1

https://www.slideshare.net/sgrinage1/social-science-26875118

https://www.theasianschool.net/blog/importance-of-social-science/

https://www.slideshare.net/nik_telan28/the-socialsciencedisciplines

https://www.slideshare.net/eLearningJa/new-ss-m1-u1l1719socialissues

socialworkeducationbd.blogspot.com/2018/04/concept-of-social-research-and-its.html

DIVISION QUALITY ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT TEAM IN HUMSS

WRITER: OFELIA G. ROVILLOS

VALIDATORS:
DR. MARILEX A. TERCIAS DR. EUGENE M. TORALBA
DR. ALBERTO O. RABANG DR. VIRGINIA B. FREGILLANA
JEANNEROSE M. ACOSTA ZOSIMA IRENE H. FERNANDEZ
MA. JOCELYN J. SOTONG DANILO T. SIBLAG
VICTOR B. ABAN JAMELIE M. CRISPINO

CONSULTANTS:
DR. DANILO C. SISON DR. TEODORA V. NABOR
DR. CORNELIO R. AQUINO DR. JEROME S. PARAS
DR. MAYBELENE C. BAUTISTA

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ANSWER KEY TO ASSESSMENT

I. II.
1. Natural disaster 1. True
2. Terrorism 2. False
3. Corruption 3. True
4. Unemployment 4. True
5. Crime 5. True
6. True
7. False
8. False
9. True
10. True

III.
I. Title of the Project
II. The Rationale
III. The Target Beneficiary
IV. Objectives
V. Strategies
VI. Budgetary requirements
VII. Action Plan
VIII. Conclusion

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