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Introduction
Students have their own different roles and goals, and education is one of the best tools
to achieve those goals. It plays a vital role in the behavioral and intellectual development of a
learner. The acquisition of new knowledge, information and the way you respond to learning
environment makes you a holistic learner. Moreover, good study habits largely influence the
level of performance of students on school, on the other hand, according to (Oliver, 1997;
Academic achievement is the key criterion in judging the skills, capabilities and the total
potentials and it also indicates the learning outcomes of the students. It accompanies the
learning outcomes of the students, knowledge attitude and design scores or test scores in every
Music embodies the spirit and provides a powerful way of conveying meaning to the
human heart and mind. In fact, music like language is unique to the human species (Blacking
1973) because no culture, no people or group that is without some form of musical expression,
a good example are the students. Many students listen to music to alleviate the emotional
effects of stress and anxiety when engaged in complex cognitive processing, such as studying
for a test, completing homework assignments, or while reading and writing. This practice is so
common that it would be beneficial for students to understand the role that music plays on
cognitive performance.
Listening to music has a two way effect depending on the student. According to
Rentfrow and Gosling there are four music preference groups based on factor analysis including
“Intense & Rebellious” which included rock, alternative, and heavy metal music. “Upbeat and
Conventional” which included country, soundtrack, religious and pop music. “Energetic &
Rhythmic” which included rap, funk and electronic or dance music and “Reflective and Complex”
which included blues, jazz, classical and folk music (Rentfrow & Gosling, 2003)
challenges. It helps us grow mentally, intellectually or even financially in today’s world. Study
habit is the way students’ study either systematically, efficiently or inefficiently. Factors have
been highlighted to influence the ability of students to cultivate effective and efficient study habit.
Such factors include; state of health, motivation, anxiety, state of mind, conducive and suitable
learning environment for studying, and books. Thus these factors have a significant influence on
one’s learning style, using different strategies such as memorizing, elaborating, and controlling
and the other is the SQ3R method that have developed various methods of reading, interpreting
and coding the information. Study habit, skill and attitude inventories and constructs were found
The discovered benefits of music in connection with enhancing the mental capabilities
and the good study habits among students lead the researchers to find out whether there is a
relationship in the music preference and study habits in the academic achievement of students.
Theoretical Background
which a person has accomplished specific goals that were the focus of activities in instructional
environments, specifically in school, college, and university. School systems mostly define
cognitive goals that either apply across multiple subject areas (e.g., critical thinking) or include
be a multifaceted construct that comprises different domains of learning. The strong association
between the music preference and the study habit in the student’s academic performance is one
This study anchors the theory of Mozart’s Effect suggesting that listening to Mozart’s
music temporarily boosted scores on one portion of the IQ test and produce many other
beneficial effects on mental function, while many follow up researches showed that listening to
music somehow helps the students to focus on what they are doing. Listening to music can also
help the students learn more efficiently. Though it depends on the degree to which they like the
music.
This study also is based on Social Cognitive Theory propounded by Albert Bandura as
early as in the 1960s. Social cognitive theory strongly lays emphasis on one’s cognition. It
suggests that the mind is an active force that constructs one’s reality selectively, encodes
information, performs behavior on the basis of values and expectations and impose structure on
its own actions. It is through an understanding of the processes involved in one’s construction of
reality that enables human behavior to be understood, predicted and changed. In view of the
theory, the student’s academic achievement is a product of interaction of his personality and
consequently, study behavior or the studying habits he develops is based on his expectations of
STUDY HABITS
CNU
STUDENTS
MUSIC
PREFERENCES
ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE
It is the main purpose and aim of this study to know the different relationship between
the music preference, study habits and the academic performance of 3rd year students in Cebu
Normal University who took their college degree in the academic year 2016-2017.
1.1 Age;
1.2 Gender;
1.3 Religion;
This study enables individual to enjoy and utilize music in acquiring knowledge. It gives
them awareness on what music preference is best to use while learning and what is suitable to
Students.
Teacher. This study contributes ideas to the teachers and how to make teaching
Music enthusiast. This study gives information to all music enthusiast how music
affects the cognitive activity of an individual. Through this, music enthusiast can further develop
Future researchers. This study helps future researchers to make the future studies
make compendious and structured and helps to develop writing and analysis.
Definition of Terms
For better understanding of this study, the following terms are defined:
Gender. It refers to the identity of the respondent. Whether the respondent is a male or
female.
Civil status. It refers to the distinct relationship of the respondent to significant others.
Number of siblings. It refers to the total number of brothers and sisters of the
Academic Performance. Refers to the latest average final grade of the students in a
semester.
Music Preference. Refers to the taste of music the students prefer to listen while or
Intense & Rebellious. One of the four music preferences identified by Rentfrow and
Gosling that refers to rock music, alternative and heavy metal music,
Upbeat & Conventional. A music preference which includes country music, soundtrack,
Energetic & Rhythmic. A music preference which includes rap or hip-hop music, funk
Reflective & Complex. A music preference which includes blues, jazz, classical and
folk music.
Study habits. It refers to the habitual practices of the respondent to help them study and
learn.
SQ3R Method. A standardized technique to make ones reading style effectives, SQ3R
Survey. Refers to how students view the contents, chapters, going through the headline
and sub-heading to the end for having a general impression of written material.
Questions. Refers how the readers should formulate the question on the broad ideas as
Read. Refers to how students read the chapter based on the question that is formulated
Review. The state of re-reading the passage carefully to answer the question for better