Test 1

1. Define dental impression.

It is a negative imprint of hard teeth and a soft tissue in the mouth which a positive cast can be
formed

2. Define a stone cast:

Positive replication of hard and soft tissues made from dental impression

3. What is an edentolous patient?

Patient without permanent teeth

4. What type of impression material is used to take preliminary impression of edentulos jaw?
Irreversible hydrocolloide or alginate

5. For complete denture construction. Why do you make a primary model?

In order to make the custom tray so we can get the „perfect „ model to work with ; the first
model is not completely accurate so it's used to make another tray for more accurate model

6. A diagnostic cast is important for:

a) Diagnosis
b) Treatment planning
c) Making custom tray

7. How does the clinician check the accuracy of the correct size of stock tray?
-Estimate and try out sizes for the patient
-The patient has to have at least some space for the impression material.

8. How do you gain additional extension of the stock tray?

Periphery wax

9. An irreversible hydrocolloid impression should be poured in dental stone within ?

10 min

10. An irreversible hydrocolloid impression is mixed with _________ in the rubber bowl with metal
spatula
Cold water

Test 2

1. How quickly should an irreversible hydrocolloid be poured?

Around 10 minutes. If it's not possible then dentist should put it in a moist papertowel and bag to
prevent dehydration and distortion of the material.

2. A diagnostic cast is important for :

a) Diagnosis
b) Treatment planning
c) Making custom tray

3. Completely edentulous patients (Circle the correct answer/s)

a) May lost large amounts of ridge structures
b) Have chewing difficulties
c) Have poor muscular support of the lower face
d) Have speech (speeches) difficulties
All correct

4. An impression must be remade for many reasons including (Circle the correct answer/s)
a) Incorrect position in the mouth which caused one or more anatomical areas not to be captured in
the impression
b) Incorrect border formation as a result of incorrect border length of the tray
c) Poor detail in impression
d) Any void or discrepancy too large to accurately correct on cast
e) All answers are true

5. The stone should be allowed undisturbed generally for about 45 min

6. If any delay is encountered in pouring the preliminary impression, the impression

a) Wrapped in wet paper towels
b) Immersed in cold water
c) Placed in humidor to minimize the loss of water
d) Left uncovered until pouring

7. What is the therapy aid for completely edentulous patients?

Removable prosthetics
-Helps inclosing the wounds and keeping the mouth structure and tongue size
-While a patient is waiting for his dentures to be made he/she can have immediate dentures

8. What is the purpose of periphery wax of the stock impression trays?

To gain additional extension

9. When properly shaped, the diagnostic cast should be (circle the correct answer/s) ****
a) The bottom of the base is trimmed so the crests of the ridges are parallel to the base
b) The sides of the base of the crest is trimmed to be perpendicular to the ridges
c) The land area of the sides should be 2-3 mm wide in the labial and buccal sides, 5-6 mm
wide on posterior
 d) Trim the base on the model trimmer parallel to the ridges
e) Leave the mucous membrane reflection intact for making custom tray

10. Explain the process of pouring the diagnostic cast

-Mixing alabaster cast or type II cast with water in ratio 2:1 (cast : water)
-Pour it on the impression material while we make sure it has entered every part of it
-Wait for 10 to 15 min then we mix another batch which will serve as a base
-Pour it on the table and then we connect the first part with the base
-Wait for 45 min
-Remove the tray and trim the cast

11. Write down the

anatomical landmarks of
edentulous maxilla
A) Maxillary tuberosity

B,D) Buccal and labial

sulcus

C) Buccal frenum

E) Labial frenum

F) Incisive papilla

G) Mid palatine raphae

L) Fovea platina

M) Posterior palatal seal

K) Hamular notch

J) Crest of the alveolar ridge

12. Write down the anatomical landmarks of

edentulous mandibular

1. Buccal shelf

2,3. Lingual frenum and sulcus

4. Retromolar pad

5,6. Buccal and labial frenum

 Test 3

1. How does the clinician know if a particular stock impression is the correct size for a patient?

It covers the whole arch, it has proper curvature and width.

2. How quickly should an irreversible hydrocolloid be poured?

10 - 15 minutes (depends on storage)

3 & 4. Anatomical landmarks of edentulous maxilla and mandible (see above q11 &12 from test 2)

5. What materials can be used for making individual trays for completely edentulous jaws?
UV/light or auto-polymerising resin

6. Write down parts of individual tray

Base & handle

7. Explain the steps in fabricating the custom tray

-Fill undercuts on diagnostic cast and cover whole cast by anti-bonding agent
-Process differentiates with auto- & light- polymerizing resin
-Autopolymerizing resin must be mixed (polymer & monomer in 3:1 ratio) until it reaches desired
consistency and placed on prepared cast. It needs to cover the whole cast
-Fabricate the handle and let it cure.
-After curing, trim the excess material. Light polymerizing resin has a similar procedure but
trimming is done before curing. Curing happens by UV light

8. What is a ratio of polymer and monomer of autopolymerizing resin

3:1

9. What material is used for blocking out all undercuts of the cast before the production of custom tray?
Wax

10. Custom trays are produced on diagnostic cast

11. What are the goals of making a final impression?

To create a replica of soft and hard tissues with maximum coverage of supporting tissue and
minimal extension onto movable tissues and muscle attachments.

Test 4
1. What is the ratio between polymer and monomer autopolymerizing acrylic resin?

3:1 poly: mono.

2. What are the physical characteristics of correctly formed impression tray?

It should be stable, rigid and easily adjustable.

3. Explain the steps of fabricating a custom tray of autopolymerizing acrylic resin .

-Mix auto polymerized acrylic resin (3:1= polymer : monomer)

-In working phase we put it on a diagnostic cast in a correct position covering enough so that it fits
perfectly

-Make a handle height of 10 mm and 15 mm width

-Wait for it to connect and harden itself (we know this by increasing temperature)

-Send it to the dentist to take the final impression needed.

4. Explain the process of pouring diagnosis cast?

Mix alabaster cast or type II cast with water in ratio 2:1 (cast : water)

Pour it on the impression material while we make sure it has entered every part of it

Wait for 10 to 15 min then we mix another batch which will serve as a base . We pour it on the table
and then we connect the first part with the base and wait for around 45 min. Then we remove the
tray and trim the cast.

5. Custom tray is made on:

Diagnosis cast

6. What is the purpose of using the periphery wax of a stock impression tray?

To extend the stock tray

7. What does a custom tray serve?

We use the acrylic bur

8. What is the purpose of a well done custom tray? What does the custom tray serve ?

To make the master cast , it's useful because it can make near perfect replica of patient's hard and
soft tissue

Test 5

1. What are the goals of making a final impression?

Fabricate a replica of soft and hard tissues with minimal coverage of supporting tissue, extension of
movable muscles and tissue attachments.

2. What are final impression techniques?

->Functional pressure

->Microstatic pressure

->Selective pressure.

3. How does the selective pressure technique differ from other?

It's applied only for specific areas on the arch, stress bearing areas are for light pressure. Non
stress bearing areas for minimal or no pressure

4. What are primary and secondary stress bearing areas?

They are able to withstand the functional areas that applied to denture

maxillary stress bearing areas are slopes and crest

mandible are shelves and slopes

5. What are the non stress bearing areas?

They are least able to withstand functional forces that applied to denture, maxillary non stress
bearing areas are rugae and incisive foramen, whereas in mandibular is the crest of the ridge.

6. What are the physical characteristics of correctly formed impression tray ?

Easily adjustable

Stable

7. What is the material that is used for the final impression of edentulous jaw?

Light activated autopolymerizing acrylic resin

 8. What is the ideal coverage of maxillary final impression tray?

That the try extends to vibrating line in posterior and ends 2mm away from depth of the vestibule
areas of tray

9. What is the ideal coverage of the mandibular final impression tray ?

Ends 2mm above the depth of the vestibule and ends 2mm of the retromylohyoid masseter notch
area

10. The final impression is used to create a diagnostic cast.

Test 6

1. What are some of the procedures that require the use of a record base and occlusion ?

Establishing facial contours and maxillomandibular relationship

2. What are the characteristics of a satisfactory record base ?

Should be rigid, accurate, stable, round and smooth on edges and thin on crest, labial and buccal
slopes

3. What material is often used to create the record base ?

Shellac, light cure acrylic resin, base plate wax and auto cure acrylic resin

4. Why is it important to properly block out undercuts on the master cast prior to fabricating the record
base?
Because the record base may get stuck on master cast if it's not covered

5. The occlusion rim is fabricated from ready made or base wax (hand made)

6. Explain the pouring of the final impression .

-After boxing the custom tray with final impression

-Repeat procedure as for diagnostic cast : We mix type 3 cast with water in ratio of 3:1

-Carefully mixing we pour in the impression material and wait for 45 min

-Trim the cast and use it for the next needed steps.

7. Explain the procedure of beading and boxing the impression . What is the procedure ?

The purpose is to get the most accurate representation of the patient's mouth from the master cast.
8. Explain the properly contoured maxillary record base and occlusion rim along the desired dimension
Anterior H: 20-22 mm, W: 3-5 mm
Posterior H: 16-18 mm, W: 8-10 mm

9. Explain the properly contoured mandibular record and occlusion rim along the desired dimension
Anterior H: 16-17 mm. W: 3-5 mm
Posterior height covers 2/3 of retromolar pad, width 8-10 mm

Test 7

1. Planes positioned the jaw during establishing maxillomandibular relationships:

● z- sagittal plane
● x- horizontal plane
● y- vertical plane

2. What is a facebow?
Appliance used for recording facial and oral relationships. Placed in the mouth, on the forehead
and into the ears.

3. What is the purpose of facebow?

-To set correct record of facial and oral relation onto the articulator
-First we measure it on a patient to get the record

4. What is an articulator?
Device used for setting up maxillomandibular records and for setting up teeth, also to create
situation in mouth without the need of patient's

5- What is the purpose of the articulator during the denture fabrication?

To set up an occlusion of maxilla and mandible, used for tooth arrangement

6. Explain the articulator class II

It has vertical and partial horizontal movements , limited movements unlike other classes

7. What is the phase known as a maxillomandibular record?

Adjust relation between maxillary and mandible to replicate patient's mouth

8. Explain the mounting casts in an articular without using facebow

-Use occlusal rims for this procedure
-Verify position of ridges and set occlusion to display the same relationship as the patient's mouth
-Place in patient's mouth to check if it's correct, mark it with lines

Test 8
 1. What are the steps in obtaining maxillomandibular records

a) form occlusion plane

b) establish the occlusal vertical dimension

c) determine the central relation portion

2. What lines are scribed intraorally on the vestibular part of the occlusal rim?

-Smile line

-Relaxed corner line

-Midline

3. What does the distance of the corner line on the vestibular part of occlusion rim represent?
It represents an appropriate width for the anterior teeth

4. What are the main frontal outline form of the face which should be considered as a guide in
tooth selection?
a) Square
b) Square tapering
c) Tapering
d) Oval

5. What are the expressions of the feminine characteristics of teeth?

Delicate, small round

6. What are the expressions of the masculine characteristics of teeth?

Bold, large, squared

7. How is the selection of the posterior teeth done?

The measurement is made from: the distal surface of mandible canines-> the beginning of the slope
of the ridge leading -> retromolar pad

8. How is the shade of the artificial tooth made?

Shade guide application

9. The anterior and posterior denture teeth must be arranged to meet the functional, phonetic
and esthetic needs of the patient.
Esthetic, functional and phonetic

10. Occlusion rims serve as the guide for preliminary arrangement of the denture teeth?
The contoured occlusion rims

11. Articulators are divisible into 3 classes?

a) Adjustable
b) Semi adjustable
c) Non-adjustable

12. What is the purpose of a facebow?

A facebow relates the maxillary cast to the OPENING and CLOSING axis of the articulator in the
same relationship as the maxilla relates to the anatomical hinge of the patient

Test 9

1. The high smile line scribed into the waxed of the maxillary occlusion rim usually indicated the
minimum incisogingival height of the maxillary anterior teeth to avoid a “gummy smile”
TRUTH OR FALSE
a) true
b) false

2. The selection of molds for denture teeth is the responsibility of the (circle correct answers)
a) Dental assistant
b) Patient
c) Dentist
d) Laboratory technique

3. Circle the correct answers

a) The distance between the corners of the mouth measured along the incisal of the facial
curvature if the occlusion rim represents an appropriate width for the six anterior teeth
b) Delicate, small and curved tooth forms are considered masculine
c) Bold, large and square tooth forms tend forward more feminine
d) Prior to setting the posterior teeth recommended by mold guide, a measurement is made
from the distal surface of one of the mandibular canines to the beginning of the slope of the
ridge leading up to the retromolar pad

4. What lines should be scribed into wax intraorally during maxillo-manibular records
a) The midline
b) The high smile line
c) The relaxed corners of the mouth

5. The anterior and posterior denture teeth must be arranged to meet the esthetic, functional and
phonetic needs for patient

6. What does it serve as the guide for preliminary arrangement of the denture teeth?
The previously contoured occlusion rims serve as the guide for preliminary arrangement for denture
teeth

7. Generally the teeth are arranged in the following order: (text in bold is the answer)
1) Maxillary anterior teeth following the maxillary occlusion rims
2) Mandibular anterior teeth using the occlusion rims, and maxillary teeth as guides
3) Mandibular posterior teeth- using the anterior teeth, retromolar pads and residual ridges as
guides
4) Maxillary posterior teeth using the mandibular posterior teeth as guides

8. The degree of horizontal and vertical overlap of the anterior teeth determines the incisal guidance of
the arrangement

Test 10

1. What is the aim of acrylisation?

To make a base like structure for complete dentures in patient's mouth and to replicate intraoral
colour

2. Explain the process of contouring.

Make the gingival part of complete dentures look more like real gingival part in esthetics and feel
with wax

3. What is the flask?

An instrument that holds modules of complete dentures for de-waxing , acrylisation and de-flasking

4. Explain the flasking procedure

-Mix type II cast and pour in the shallow part of the flask.

-Place model onto it

-Use the separating medium on surfaces of the cast and cover the dentures so the other part of the
cast doesn't get stuck

-Close off partially to pour the rest of the cast, then close it.

5. What is de-waxing? Explain the procedure

-Removal of wax from master cast in order to put acrylic in its place
-We boil it in water for about 5 to 10 min then we open the lid
-Clean inside with boiling water for extra wax that's still there
6. What type of acrylic resin is used for the base of complete denture?
-Heat curing acrylic resin

7. What are the cardinal principles of curing the acrylic resin in producing complete dentures?
-Accurate temperature control
-Cold water then boil it
-At boiling temperature, wait 30 min
-Open the flask and wait for cool off

Test 11
1. Would you agree that the primary purpose of a classification of partially edentulous arches is to
enhance communication among dentists? Support your answer.
Function:
Ensures effective communication between dental professionals
Facilitates discussion for treatment plan
Partially edentulous arches have been classified according to several
methods.
Example:
The Kennedy classification= most widely accepted and used classification method simple and ease
of application,
does not give information about the condition of the teeth and periodontal tissue, it allows easy
visualization of the arches, differentiation between free end and tooth-bounded partially
edentulous arches, and logical approach to design.

2. A classification of partially edentulous arches should satisfy at least three requirements. List them.
- It should permit immediate visualization of the type of partially edentulous arch that is being
considered
- It should be immediate differentiation between the tooth supported and the tooth and tissue
supported
removable partial denture
- It should be universally acceptable

3. Kennedy divided all partially edentulous arches into main

_four _ types. Explain it at all.
- Kennedy class I: bilateral edentulous areas located
posterior to the natural teeth
- Kennedy class II: unilateral edentulous area located
posterior to the remaining natural teeth
- Kennedy class III: : unilateral edentulous area with
natural teeth remaining both anterior and
posterior to it
- Kennedy class IV: a single but bilateral (crossing the
midline). Edentulous area located anterior to
the remaining natural teeth

4. There are two types of hydrocolloid impression materials used in dentistry. Name them.
Reversible hydrocolloids AND irreversible hydrocolloids.

5. Are the hydrocolloid impression materials elastic or thermoplastic?

Elastic
6. What is the advantage in using an elastic material versus a rigid material in making impressions of
partially edentulous arches?
The rigid impression materials cannot engage undercuts that may be present on the teeth or the
bone.
The elastic impression materials is able to engage undercuts and may be used in edentulous,
partially
dentate and fully dentate patients

7. What is meant by the word imbibition in relation to hydrocolloid impressions? What effect does it
have on a hydrocolloid impression?
The hydrocolloid impression imbibe water / expansion caused by imbibition and it will result in a
weak cast.

8. How long should you wait to pour a cast into a hydrocolloid impression after it is removed from
the mouth?
30 minutes

9. Describe the procedures for making individual maxillary and mandibular impression trays.
- Outline the extent of the tray on the cast with a pencil.
- The tray must include all teeth and tissue that will be involved in the removable partial denture
- Adapt one layer of base plate wax over the tissue surfaces and teeth of the cast to serve as a spacer
for impression material
- The wax spacer should be trimmed 2 to 3 mm short of the outline drawn on the diagnostic cast.
- Adapt an additional layer of base plate wax over the teeth if the impression is to be made in
irreversible hydrocolloid

10. Duplicate casts are required in many instances in treating partially edentulous patients. Name one
of these instances.
For processing a temporary prosthesis.

11. What armamentarium and materials are required to duplicate a cast?

Colloidal and silicone materials.

12. Describe a duplicating flask.

- Contain the fluid material to facilitate its cooling
- To facilitate removal of the cast from the mold without permanent deformation or damage to the
mold
- To support the mold while it is being filled with the cast material

13. How is reversible hydrocolloid prepared for duplicating purposes? What temperature of the
hydrocolloid is sufficient to duplicate a cast?
(125°F)

14. Describe the process of spruing a wax pattern for a removable partial denture framework.?
- Using 8- to 12-gauge round wax shapes for the main sprues and 12- to 18-gauge round wax shapes
for auxiliary sprues.
- Due to the dimensions of the strong lingual bar use 4 mm wax sprues.
- A thinner, additional sprue 2,5mm feeds the molar clasp.
- Two or three sprues can be adapted according to the extent of the wax pattern.
For an upper denture preferably use 3,5mm sprues.
- The best place to connect the sprues is the transition between base and retention.
- The funnel shaped sprue former should be situated slightly higher than the highest point of the
wax
Pattern.

15. Describe the pour technique of processing finished denture bases.

At the framework denture base junction, undercut finishing lines should be provided whenever
possible. Then the waxing is merely butted to the finishing line with a little excess to allow for
finishing. The wax should be left 1.5 to 2.0 mm thick so that the acrylic resin will have some bulk at
its junction with the polished metal.

Test 12
1 Working cast:

its a positive accurate replica of soft and hard tissue either in both jaws maxilla or mandible, and its
used for construction of dental appliance which fit on soft tissue or oral cavity

2. Of choice for procedure of making working cast is : dental gypsum

3. A removable die system the die is an integral component of the master cast and can be lifted from
the cast to facilitate access.

4. The location and orientation of dowels are:

a) critical

b) not critical

5. When sectioning the die, the saw cuts should be parallel to each other or slightly converge.

a) The fact is true

b) The fact is not true

6. Depending of material which can be use for making cast crowns, cast crown can be defined as :

a) ________Full metal_____________________

b) ________Metal-ceramic_____________________

c) ________Full ceramic_____________________

7. FPDs in which only one side of the pontic is attached to a retainer are referred to a: cantilevered

8. The ideal dimension for the cement space has been suggested at :

a) 20 to 40 µm for each wall

b) 40 to 60 µm for each wall

c) 60 to 80 µm for each wall

9. Spare material is applied to the die to increase the cement space between axial walls of the prepared
tooth and the restoration.

10. Write the composition of inlay casting wax : - Paraffin is usually the main constituent (40% to
60%). The remaining balance consists of dammar resin (to reduce flaking) plus carnauba, ceresin,
or candelilla wax (to raise the melting temperature), or beeswax

11. To American Dental Association there is two type of inlay wax :

1.Type I-a medium wax

(generally used with the direct technique for making patterns in the oral cavity).

2.Type Il-a softer wax

(generally used for the indirect fabrication)

13. Waxing instruments designed by Dr. Peter K. Thomas specifically for the additive waxing technique
include :

a) 3 instruments

b) 5 instruments

c) 7 instruments

14. The wax pattern should be invested :

a) immediately

c) after 1 hour

d) after 1 day
15. procedure of making full metal crown, the sprue should be attached to :

a) the bulkiest part of the wax pattern, away from margins and occlusal contacts.

b) the bulkiest part of the wax pattern, near to margins and occlusal contacts.

16. Explain investment procedure.

1. First, hand spatulate the mix.

2. With the crucible former and pattern in place, attach the ring to the mixing bowl.

3. Attach the vacuum hose and mix according to the manufacturer's recommendations.

4. Invert the bowl and fill the ring under vibration.

5. Remove the vacuum hose before shutting off the mixer.

6. Remove the filled ring and crucible former from the bowl.

7. Immediately clean the bowl and mixing blade under running water.